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Feinmesser G, Yogev D, Goldberg T, Parmet Y, Illouz S, Vazgovsky O, Eshet Y, Tejman-Yarden S, Alon E. Virtual reality-based training and pre-operative planning for head and neck sentinel lymph node biopsy. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103976. [PMID: 37480684 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is crucial for managing head and neck skin cancer. However, variable lymphatic drainage can complicate SLN detection when using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or lymphoscintigraphy. Virtual Reality (VR) can contribute to pre-operative planning by simulating a realistic 3D model, which improves orientation. VR can also facilitate real-patient training outside the operating room. This study explored using a VR platform for pre-operative planning in head and neck skin cancer patients undergoing SLNBs and assessed its value for residential training. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective technology pilot study, attending surgeons and residents who performed 21 SLNB operations on patients with head and neck skin cancers (81% males, mean age 69.2 ± 11.3) used a VR simulation model based on each patient's pre-operative SPECT scan to examine patient-specific anatomy. After surgery, they completed a questionnaire on the efficiency of the VR simulation as a pre-operative planning tool and training device for residents. RESULTS The attending surgeons rated the VR model's accuracy at 8.3 ± 1.6 out of 10. Three-quarters (76%) of residents reported increased confidence after using VR. The physicians rated the platform's contribution to residents' training at 7.4 ± 2.1 to 8.9 ± 1.3 out of 10. CONCLUSION A VR SLNB simulation can accurately portray marked sentinel lymph nodes. It was rated high as a surgical planning and teaching tool among attending surgeons and residents alike and may play a role in pre-operative planning and resident training. Further studies are needed to explore its applications in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Feinmesser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Yogev
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sheba Arrow Project, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Tomer Goldberg
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yisrael Parmet
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shay Illouz
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oliana Vazgovsky
- The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Eshet
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shai Tejman-Yarden
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Alon
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sheba Arrow Project, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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2
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Stathaki MI, Kapsoritakis N, Michelakis D, Anagnostopoulou E, Bourogianni O, Tsaroucha A, Papadaki E, de Bree E, Koukouraki S. The impact of sentinel lymph node mapping with hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in patients with melanoma. Comparison to planar radioisotopic lymphoscintigraphy. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:239-246. [PMID: 37053074 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the diagnostic value of 16 slices of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) in the anatomical localization, image interpretation and extra-sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) detection compared to dynamic and static planar radioisotopic lymphoscintigraphy (PLS) in patients with melanoma. Eighty-two patients with melanoma underwent dynamic PLS, static PLS and SPECT/CT. Data were obtained using a dual head SPECT/CT 16 slices γ-camera. We evaluated the number and localization of SLNs detected with each imaging method. SPECT/CT demonstrated 48 additional SLNs in comparison with PLS in 29 patients. In five truncal and seven head-neck lesions, dynamic and static PLS failed to detect the SLNs found on SPECT/CT (false negative). In one case of truncal and one case of lower limb melanoma, the foci of increased activity interpreted on PLS as possible SLNs were confirmed to be non-nodal sites of uptake on SPECT/CT (false positive). PLS underestimated the number of SLNs detected, whereas SPECT/CT revealed higher agreement compared to the respective number from histological reports. SPECT/CT showed a better prediction of the number of SLNs and higher diagnostic parameters in comparison to planar imaging. SPECT/CT is an important complementary diagnostic modality to PLS, that improves detection, preoperative evaluation, anatomical landmarks of SLNs and surgical management of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Stathaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion
| | | | | | | | - Olga Bourogianni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion
| | | | | | - Eelco de Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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3
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99mTc-labeled colloid SPECT/CT versus planar lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in patients with primary breast cancer, undergoing lymphoscintigraphy at initial staging. Specifically, we assessed the detection rate (DR) for sentinel lymph node (SLN), the absolute number of detected SLNs by each technique, and the proportion of patients with additional SLNs detected by one technique compared to the other one. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SPECT/CT on the surgical approach.
Methods
Original articles, providing a head-to-head comparison between SPECT/CT and PL, including patients with primary breast cancer at first presentation, were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases through March 31st, 2022. The DR of the imaging techniques was calculated on a per-patient analysis; studies were pooled on their odds ratios (ORs) with a random-effects model to assess the presence of a significant difference between the DRs of SPECT/CT and PL. The number of additional SLNs, calculated as relative risk (RR), and the pooled proportion of patients with additional SLNs using one imaging technique rather than the other one were investigated. The pooled ratio of surgical procedures (SLN harvesting) influenced by the use of SPECT/CT, according to the surgeons, was calculated.
Results
Sixteen studies with 2693 patients were eligible for the calculation of the DR of SPECT/CT and PL. The DR was 92.11% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 89.32–94.50%] for SPECT/CT, and 85.12% (95% CI 80.58–89.15%) for PL, with an OR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.51–2.55) in favor of SPECT/CT. There was a relative risk of detection of larger number of SLNs (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14–1.32; 12 studies; 979 patients) for SPECT/CT (n = 3983) compared to PL (n = 3321) and a significant proportion of patients with additional SLNs detected by SPECT/CT, which were missed by PL (18.88%, 95% CI: 11.72%-27.27%; 13 studies). Four articles, with a total number of 1427 patients, revealed that 23.98% of the surgical procedures benefited from the use of SPECT/CT.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis favors SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLN in patients with primary breast cancer at staging due to higher DR, more SLNs depicted, and a significant proportion of subjects with additional detected SLNs by SPECT/CT compared to PL. Furthermore, SPECT/CT positively influences the surgical procedure. However, PL remains a satisfactory imaging option for imaging departments not equipped with SPECT/CT due to its good patient-based DR.
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4
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Beniey M, Tran A, Boulva K. Mapping sentinel lymph nodes in cutaneous melanoma: a vast array of perioperative imaging modalities. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:108-118. [PMID: 33156132 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a decisive step in the staging process of melanoma, critically impacting patients' oncological outcome and driving the decision-making process. SLNB limits the extent of the dissection in cases where no metastases are found. Conversely, when metastases are detected, SLNB has the potential to improve regional control of the disease when complete lymphadenectomy or early administration of adjuvant treatment are indicated. Thus, accurately identifying sentinel lymph nodes represents an important prognostic factor. Several strategies have been studied, including novel procedures that are not commonly used in the clinical setting. This review highlights the different tracers, preoperative and intraoperative imaging modalities studied to perform SLNB in cutaneous melanoma. The development of innovative modalities has been fueled by a need to optimize current approaches, offering new alternatives that can overcome some of the limitations of the standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alphonse Tran
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Quartuccio N, Garau LM, Arnone A, Pappalardo M, Rubello D, Arnone G, Manca G. Comparison of 99mTc-Labeled Colloid SPECT/CT and Planar Lymphoscintigraphy in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Patients with Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061680. [PMID: 32498217 PMCID: PMC7356992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the detection rate (DR) for sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), the number of SLNs and the subjects with additional SLNs of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in patients with melanoma. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of SPECT/CT on surgical plans. Articles containing head-to-head comparisons between SPECT/CT and PL were searched in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus. The literature search was updated until December 31st, 2019. DR was calculated on a per patient-based analysis; the studies were pooled by their odds ratios (ORs) with a random effects model to assess the significance of difference (p < 0.05). The number of additional SLNs (calculated as the relative risk) and pooled proportion of patients with additional SLNs were investigated. The pooled ratio of surgical procedures influenced by the SPECT/CT findings was calculated. Seventeen studies with 1438 patients were eligible for the calculation of DR of SPECT/CT and PL. The average DR was 98.28% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 97.94-99.19%) for the SPECT/CT and 95.53% (95% CI: 92.55-97.77%) for the PL; OR of 2.31 (95% CI: 1.66-4.18, p < 0.001) in favor of the SPECT/CT. There was a relative risk of a higher number of SLNs (1.13) for the SPECT/CT and 17.87% of patients with additional SLNs were detected by SPECT/CT. The average impact of SPECT/CT on surgery resulted in 37.43% of cases. This meta-analysis favored SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLNs in patients with melanoma due to a higher DR, reproducibility, number of SLNs depicted, proportion of patients with additional SLNs and the impact on the surgical plan. However, PL remains a good option due to the high values of the DR for SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Quartuccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Ludovico Maria Garau
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Annachiara Arnone
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Pappalardo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 35100 Rovigo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Gaspare Arnone
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gianpiero Manca
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.G.); (G.M.)
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Lymphatic Drainages to the Paravertebral and Pararenal Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Nucl Med 2017; 42:e297-e299. [PMID: 28346247 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient evaluation of the lymphatic drainage from the breasts (thoracic wall) and/or the upper limbs is essential in the management of patients with breast cancer (BC) and/or BC-related lymphedema. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 2 patients with lymphedema. Lymphatic drainage was observed from the upper limb or breast to the posterior paravertebral and/or pararenal lymph nodes. The cases demonstrate lymphatic drainage pathways toward unusual and mostly unrecognized lymph nodes, which may be at risk for further evolution of BC and may be important for the physical treatment of BC-related lymphedema.
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Meerwein CM, Sekine T, Veit-Haibach P, Bredell MG, Huber GF, Huellner MW. Multi-slice SPECT/CT vs. lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma ray probe for sentinel node mapping in HNSCC. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:1633-1642. [PMID: 27837418 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the diagnostic potential of multi-slice single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for preoperative sentinel node (SN) mapping in early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Retrospective case-control study including data of consecutive HNSCC patients treated between November 2011 and December 2015. The diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice SPECT/CT was assessed with regard to the gold standard intraoperative gamma ray detection probe, using McNemar's test and calculating the area under the ROC curve. Additionally, the hot spot yield of SPECT/CT and planar lymphoscintigraphy (LS) was compared. Compared to the intraoperative gold standard, SPECT/CT showed an overall positive predictive value of 60.3% [confidence interval (CI) 46.6-73.0%)], a negative predictive value of 96.3% (CI 93.6-98.1%), and an accuracy of 90.8% (CI 89.1-92.4%). SPECT/CT detected more hot spots than LS and provided detailed anatomical information as well as relevant additional findings with potential impact on further patient management. Sentinel lymph node biopsy proved to be a reliable and safe procedure with an excellent SN excision rate (97%). Multi-slice SPECT/CT is a highly accurate diagnostic test and matches the gold standard intraoperative gamma ray detection probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Meerwein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - T Sekine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Veit-Haibach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M G Bredell
- Department of Craniomaxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G F Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M W Huellner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Chapman BC, Gleisner A, Kwak JJ, Hosokawa P, Paniccia A, Merkow JS, Koo PJ, Gajdos C, Pearlman NW, McCarter MD, Kounalakis N. SPECT/CT Improves Detection of Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients with Head and Neck Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:2652-7. [PMID: 26983744 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the most important prognostic factor for predicting survival in cutaneous melanoma. This study aimed to evaluate how the addition of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) to planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) alters SLN identification, yield, and localization of metastatic nodes in head and neck melanoma. METHODS This retrospective review examined patients undergoing SLN biopsy for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck between July 2003 and December 2015. Patient demographics and pathologic outcomes were compared for patients undergoing SPECT-CT versus PL. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the identification of a positive SLN. RESULTS Among 176 patients undergoing SLN biopsy, 91 underwent PL and 85 underwent SPECT-CT and PL. The patients in the SPECT-CT group were older than the PL patients (p = 0.050) but the groups did not differ in gender (p = 0.447), Breslow thickness (p = 0.744), or total number of SLNs identified (p = 0.633). As shown by the multivariate regression analysis, only Breslow thickness [odds ratio (OR) 1.47; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.84] and SPECT-CT (OR 3.58; 95 % CI 1.24-10.4) were associated with a positive SLN. CONCLUSION The use of SPECT-CT for patients with head and neck cutaneous melanoma significantly increases the likelihood of retrieving a positive SLN. Long-term follow-up evaluation is needed for further definition of the impact that SPECT-CT has on recurrence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Gleisner
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kwak
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patrick Hosokawa
- Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alessandro Paniccia
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin S Merkow
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Phillip J Koo
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Csaba Gajdos
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan W Pearlman
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole Kounalakis
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Synergism of SPECT/CT and portable gamma cameras for intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma, breast cancer, and other malignancies. Clin Transl Imaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-016-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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