1
|
Hamdan FH, Abdelrahman AM, Kutschat AP, Wang X, Ekstrom TL, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Wegner Wippel C, Taheri N, Tamon L, Kopp W, Aggrey-Fynn J, Bhagwate AV, Alva-Ruiz R, Lynch I, Yonkus J, Kosinsky RL, Gaedcke J, Hahn SA, Siveke JT, Graham R, Najafova Z, Hessmann E, Truty MJ, Johnsen SA. Interactive enhancer hubs (iHUBs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming and adaptive resistance in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2023; 72:1174-1185. [PMID: 36889906 PMCID: PMC10402638 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a remarkable propensity towards therapy resistance. However, molecular epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms enabling this are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel mechanistic approaches to overcome or prevent resistance in PDAC. DESIGN We used in vitro and in vivo models of resistant PDAC and integrated epigenomic, transcriptomic, nascent RNA and chromatin topology data. We identified a JunD-driven subgroup of enhancers, called interactive hubs (iHUBs), which mediate transcriptional reprogramming and chemoresistance in PDAC. RESULTS iHUBs display characteristics typical for active enhancers (H3K27ac enrichment) in both therapy sensitive and resistant states but exhibit increased interactions and production of enhancer RNA (eRNA) in the resistant state. Notably, deletion of individual iHUBs was sufficient to decrease transcription of target genes and sensitise resistant cells to chemotherapy. Overlapping motif analysis and transcriptional profiling identified the activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor JunD as a master transcription factor of these enhancers. JunD depletion decreased iHUB interaction frequency and transcription of target genes. Moreover, targeting either eRNA production or signaling pathways upstream of iHUB activation using clinically tested small molecule inhibitors decreased eRNA production and interaction frequency, and restored chemotherapy responsiveness in vitro and in vivo. Representative iHUB target genes were found to be more expressed in patients with poor response to chemotherapy compared with responsive patients. CONCLUSION Our findings identify an important role for a subgroup of highly connected enhancers (iHUBs) in regulating chemotherapy response and demonstrate targetability in sensitisation to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ana Patricia Kutschat
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas L Ekstrom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Negar Taheri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liezel Tamon
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waltraut Kopp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002 (KFO5002), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joana Aggrey-Fynn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Isaac Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Yonkus
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rondell Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002 (KFO5002), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of IGFBP Family Members in Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2929695. [PMID: 35832140 PMCID: PMC9273392 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2929695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) family is involved in tumorigenesis and the development of multiple cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic value and regulatory mechanisms of IGFBPs in GBM. Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, PrognoScan, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, TIMER, and TISIDB were used to analyze the differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration, biological function, and immune cell infiltration of IGFBPs in GBM. We observed that IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in patients with GBM, whereas IGFBP6 was downregulated; this difference in mRNA expression was statistically insignificant. Subsequent investigations showed that IGFBP4 and IGFBP6 mRNA levels were significantly associated with overall survival in patients with GBM. Functional Gene Ontology Annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes coexpressed with IGFBP4 and IGFBP6 were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. These results were validated using the TIMER and TSMIDB databases. This study demonstrated that the IGFBP family has prognostic value in patients with GBM. IGFBP4 and IGFBP6 are two members of the IGFBP family that had the highest prognostic value; thus, they have the potential to serve as survival predictors and immunotherapeutic targets in GBM.
Collapse
|
3
|
Byerly CD, Mitra S, Patterson LL, Pittner NA, Velayutham TS, Paessler S, Veljkovic V, McBride JW. Ehrlichia SLiM ligand mimetic activates Hedgehog signaling to engage a BCL-2 anti-apoptotic cellular program. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010345. [PMID: 35576232 PMCID: PMC9135340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (E. chaffeensis) has evolved eukaryotic ligand mimicry to repurpose multiple cellular signaling pathways for immune evasion. In this investigation, we demonstrate that TRP120 has a novel repetitive short linear motif (SLiM) that activates the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis. In silico analysis revealed that TRP120 has sequence and functional similarity with Hh ligands and a candidate Hh ligand SLiM was identified. siRNA knockdown of Hh signaling and transcriptional components significantly reduced infection. Co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that rTRP120-TR interacted directly with Hh receptor Patched-2 (PTCH2). E. chaffeensis infection resulted in early upregulation of Hh transcription factor GLI-1 and regulation of Hh target genes. Moreover, soluble recombinant TRP120 (rTRP120) activated Hh and induced gene expression consistent with the eukaryotic Hh ligand. The TRP120-Hh-SLiM (NPEVLIKD) induced nuclear translocation of GLI-1 in THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes and induced a rapid and expansive activation of Hh pathway target genes. Furthermore, Hh activation was blocked by an α-TRP120-Hh-SLiM antibody. TRP120-Hh-SLiM significantly increased levels of Hh target, anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and siRNA knockdown of BCL-2 dramatically inhibited infection. Blocking Hh signaling with the inhibitor Vismodegib, induced a pro-apoptotic cellular program defined by decreased mitochondria membrane potential, significant reductions in BCL-2, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and increased apoptotic cells. This study reveals a novel E. chaffeensis SLiM ligand mimetic that activates Hh signaling to maintain E. chaffeensis infection by engaging a BCL-2 anti-apoptotic cellular program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan D. Byerly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shubhajit Mitra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - LaNisha L. Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Pittner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thangam S. Velayutham
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Biomed Protection, LLC, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veljko Veljkovic
- Biomed Protection, LLC, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liso A, Venuto S, Coda ARD, Giallongo C, Palumbo GA, Tibullo D. IGFBP-6: At the Crossroads of Immunity, Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084358. [PMID: 35457175 PMCID: PMC9030159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) is involved in a relevant number of cellular activities and represents an important factor in the immune response, particularly in human dendritic cells (DCs). Over the past several years, significant insights into the IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-6 were discovered, such as the induction of chemotaxis, capacity to increase oxidative burst and neutrophils degranulation, ability to induce metabolic changes in DCs, and, more recently, the regulation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway during fibrosis. IGFBP-6 has been implicated in different human diseases, and it plays a rather controversial role in the biology of tumors. Notably, well established relationships between immunity, stroma activity, and fibrosis are prognostic and predictive of response to cancer immunotherapy. This review aims at describing the current understanding of mechanisms that link IGFBP-6 and fibrosis development and at highlighting the multiple roles of IGFBP-6 to provide an insight into evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that can be relevant for inflammation, tumor immunity, and immunological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Santina Venuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Daniela Coda
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barman S, Fatima I, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Pancreatic Cancer and Therapy: Role and Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094765. [PMID: 33946266 PMCID: PMC8124621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in clinical management, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the deadliest cancer types, as it is prone to late detection with extreme metastatic properties. The recent findings that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) contribute to the tumorigenesis, progression, and chemoresistance have offered significant insight into the cancer malignancy and development of precise therapies. However, the heterogeneity of cancer and signaling pathways that regulate PC have posed limitations in the effective targeting of the PaCSCs. In this regard, the role for K-RAS, TP53, Transforming Growth Factor-β, hedgehog, Wnt and Notch and other signaling pathways in PC progression is well documented. In this review, we discuss the role of PaCSCs, the underlying molecular and signaling pathways that help promote pancreatic cancer development and metastasis with a specific focus on the regulation of PaCSCs. We also discuss the therapeutic approaches that target different PaCSCs, intricate mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities to eliminate heterogeneous PaCSCs populations in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.B.); (I.F.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang R, Wu W, Li Z, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. IGFBP6 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology via cyclin E-CDK2. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9538-9556. [PMID: 32529639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins, the underlying pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a protein array approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins between varicose great saphenous veins and normal great saphenous veins. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IGFBP6 was closely related to cell proliferation. Further validation confirmed that IGFBP6 was one of the most highly expressed proteins in varicose vein tissue. Knocking down IGFBP6 in VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced the S phase arrest during the cell cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that IGFBP6 knockdown increased cyclin E ubiquitination, which reduced expression of cyclin E and phosphorylation of CDK2. Furthermore, IGFBP6 knockdown arrested centrosome replication, which subsequently influenced VSMC morphology. Ultimately, IGFBP6 was validated to be involved in VSMC proliferation in varicose vein tissues. The present study reveals that IGFBP6 is closely correlated with VSMC biological function and provides unprecedented insights into the underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abe Y, Tanaka N. Fine-Tuning of GLI Activity through Arginine Methylation: Its Mechanisms and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091973. [PMID: 32859041 PMCID: PMC7565022 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) family consists of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 in mammals. This family has important roles in development and homeostasis. To achieve these roles, the GLI family has widespread outputs. GLI activity is therefore strictly regulated at multiple levels, including via post-translational modifications for context-dependent GLI target gene expression. The protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT) family is also associated with embryogenesis, homeostasis, and cancer mainly via epigenetic modifications. In the PRMT family, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 reportedly regulate GLI1 and GLI2 activity. PRMT1 methylates GLI1 to upregulate its activity and target gene expression. Cytoplasmic PRMT5 methylates GLI1 and promotes GLI1 protein stabilization. Conversely, nucleic PRMT5 interacts with MENIN to suppress growth arrest-specific protein 1 expression, which assists Hedgehog ligand binding to Patched, indirectly resulting in downregulated GLI1 activity. PRMT7-mediated GLI2 methylation upregulates its activity through the dissociation of GLI2 and Suppressor of Fused. Together, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 regulate GLI activity at multiple revels. Furthermore, the GLI and PRMT families have strong links with various cancers through cancer stem cell maintenance. Therefore, PRMT-mediated regulation of GLI activity would have important roles in cancer stem cell maintenance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Saini F, Argent RH, Grabowska AM. Sonic Hedgehog Ligand: A Role in Formation of a Mesenchymal Niche in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:E424. [PMID: 31072042 PMCID: PMC6563044 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by desmoplasia, thought to support progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. The Hedgehog pathway is known to play an important role in this cancer. While the upregulation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the epithelium of PDAC is known, we investigated its expression in the tumour microenvironment in order to find new targets for new chemotherapeutical approaches. Immunohistochemistry was used for the investigation of Shh and Vimentin in primary human pancreatic tissues. Gene (qRT-PCR) and protein (immunofluorescence) expression of Shh, αSMA (a marker of the mesenchymal phenotype) and periostin (a marker of mesenchymal cells within a mixed population) were investigated in in vitro cell models. Shh expression was significantly upregulated in the stromal and epithelial compartments of poorly-differentiated PDAC samples, with a strong correlation with the amount of stroma present. Characterisation of stromal cells showed that there was expression of Shh ligand in a mixed population comprising αSMA+ myofibroblasts and αSMA- mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, we demonstrated the interaction between these cell lines by showing a higher rate of mesenchymal cell proliferation and the upregulation of periostin. Therefore, targeting stromal Shh could affect the equilibrium of the tumour microenvironment and its contribution to tumour growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saini
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Richard H Argent
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joshi H, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Identification of Important Invasion-Related Genes in Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:565-589. [PMID: 30982163 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are locally invasive with high morbidity. The objective of this study was to diagnose important genes and pathways related to the invasiveness of NFPAs and gain more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of NFPAs. The gene expression profiles of GSE51618 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with 4 non-invasive NFPA samples, 3 invasive NFPA samples, and 3 normal pituitary gland samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are screened between invasive NFPA samples and normal pituitary gland samples, followed by pathway and ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed for these DEGs, and module analysis was performed. In addition, a target gene-miRNA network and target gene-TF (transcription factor) network were analyzed for these DEGs. A total of 879 DEGs were obtained. Among them, 439 genes were upregulated and 440 genes were downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation (trans-sulfuration) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with docosahexaenoate biosynthesis III (mammals) and chemokine signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in animal organ morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, and hormone activity, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with leukocyte chemotaxis, dendrites, and RAGE receptor binding. Subsequently, ESR1, SOX2, TTN, GFAP, WIF1, TTR, XIST, SPAG5, PPBP, AR, IL1R2, and HIST1H1C were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated PPI networks and modules. In addition, HS3ST1, GPC4, CCND2, and SCD were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated target gene-miRNA networks, while CISH, ISLR, UBE2E3, and CCNG2 were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated target gene-TF networks. The new important DEGs and pathways diagnosed in this study may serve key roles in the invasiveness of NFPAs and indicate more molecular targets for the treatment of NFPAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Joshi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Care Center, Hubli, Karnataka, 5800029, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET'S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580002, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu T, Jia W, An Q, Cao X, Xiao G. Bioinformatic Analysis of GLI1 and Related Signaling Pathways in Chemosensitivity of Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1847-1855. [PMID: 29596399 PMCID: PMC5890825 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the prognostic value of GLI1 in gastric cancer and analyzed the possible GLI1-related signaling network in chemosensitivity. Material/Methods Bioinformatic data mining was performed by using data in the TCGA-Stomach Cancer (TCGA-STAD) and the Kaplan-Meier plotter. GLI1 co-expressed genes in TCGA-STAD were subjected to KEGG pathway analysis. The genes enriched in the KEGG pathways were further subjected to Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis. Results In TCGA-STAD, high GLI1 gene/exon expression was associated with significantly worse survival (p=0.016 and 0.0023 respectively). In the Kaplan-Meier plotter, high GLI1 expression was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.42–2, p<0.0001) and first progression-free survival (FPS) (HR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.4–2.11, p<0.0001). In TCGA-STAD, 600 GLI1 co-expressed genes were identified (absolute Pearson’s r ≥0.5). The most significant pathways were pathways in cancer (p=230.0E-12) and the Hedgehog signaling pathway (p=6.9E-9). PI3K-AKT pathway (p=17.0E-9) has the largest proportion of gene enrichment. Some GLI1 co-expressed genes in the PI3K-AKT pathway are central nodes in the PPI network and also play important roles in chemosensitivity of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying their co-expression are still largely unexplored. Conclusions High GLI1 expression is associated with unfavorable OS and FPS in patients with gastric cancer. As a member of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, GLI1 co-expressed genes are also largely enriched in PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer, which is closely related to chemoresistance. The underlying mechanisms are still largely unexplored and need further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Wenzhuo Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qi An
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xianglong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeon HJ, Park J, Shin JH, Chang MS. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 released from human mesenchymal stem cells confers neuronal protection through IGF-1R-mediated signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1860-1868. [PMID: 29039467 PMCID: PMC5716453 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a desirable cell source for cell-based therapy to treat nervous system injuries due to their ability to differentiate into specific cell types. In addition to their multi-potency, hMSCs render the tissue microenvironment more favorable for tissue repair by secreting various growth factors. Our previous study demonstrated that hMSCs secrete several growth factors, including several insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Among these, IGFBP-6 binds with high affinity and inhibits insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) to inhibit the growth of IGF-2-dependent tumors. However, the function of IGFBP-6 in the nervous system remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the protective effects of IGFBP-6 secreted by hMSCs on H2O2-injured primary cortical neuron cultures and lysolecithin-injured organotypic spinal cord slice cultures. Treatment of the H2O2-injured cortical neurons with conditioned media from hMSCs (hMSC-CM) increased the phosphorylation of Akt, reduced cell death and mitochondrial translocation of Bax, and regulated extracellular levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2. MTT assay, western blot analysis and ELISA were used to detect the cell viability and protein expression levels, respectively. An inhibitory antibody against IGFBP-6 eliminated this hMSC-CM-mediated neuroprotective effect in the injured cortical neuron cultures and spinal cord slice cultures. In addition, treatment with cyclolignan picropodophyllin, an inhibitor of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), significantly inhibited neuronal protection by hMSC-CM. These findings demonstrated that hMSC-CM-mediated neuroprotection was attributed to IGF-1R-mediated signaling, potentiated via the inhibition of IGF-2 by IGFBP-6. The results of the present study provide insight into the mechanism by which hMSC administration may promote recovery from nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Everson JL, Fink DM, Yoon JW, Leslie EJ, Kietzman HW, Ansen-Wilson LJ, Chung HM, Walterhouse DO, Marazita ML, Lipinski RJ. Sonic hedgehog regulation of Foxf2 promotes cranial neural crest mesenchyme proliferation and is disrupted in cleft lip morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:2082-2091. [PMID: 28506991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip is one of the most common human birth defects, yet our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lip morphogenesis is limited. Here, we show in mice that sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced proliferation of cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme is required for upper lip closure. Gene expression profiling revealed a subset of Forkhead box (Fox) genes that are regulated by Shh signaling during lip morphogenesis. During cleft pathogenesis, reduced proliferation in the medial nasal process mesenchyme paralleled the domain of reduced Foxf2 and Gli1 expression. SHH ligand induction of Foxf2 expression was dependent upon Shh pathway effectors in cNCCs, while a functional GLI-binding site was identified downstream of Foxf2 Consistent with the cellular mechanism demonstrated for cleft lip pathogenesis, we found that either SHH ligand addition or FOXF2 overexpression is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation. Finally, analysis of a large multi-ethnic human population with cleft lip identified clusters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXF2 These data suggest that direct targeting of Foxf2 by Shh signaling drives cNCC mesenchyme proliferation during upper lip morphogenesis, and that disruption of this sequence results in cleft lip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dustin M Fink
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology Programs of the Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Henry W Kietzman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lydia J Ansen-Wilson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah M Chung
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology Programs of the Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Hsu JM, Kang Y, Wei Y, Lee PC, Chang SJ, Hsu YH, Hsu JL, Wang HL, Chang WC, Li CW, Liao HW, Chang SS, Xia W, Ko HW, Chou CK, Fleming JB, Wang H, Hwang RF, Chen Y, Qin J, Hung MC. Oncogenic Functions of Gli1 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Are Supported by Its PRMT1-Mediated Methylation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7049-7058. [PMID: 27758883 PMCID: PMC5135656 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor Gli1 is a critical effector in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which is necessary for the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although TGFβ and K-Ras are known regulators of Gli1 gene transcription in this setting, it is not understood how Gli1 functional activity is regulated. Here, we report the identification of Gli1 as a substrate for the protein arginine N-methyltransferase PRMT1 in PDAC. We found that PRMT1 methylates Gli1 at R597, promoting its transcriptional activity by enhancing the binding of Gli1 to its target gene promoters. Interruption of Gli1 methylation attenuates oncogenic functions of Gli1 and sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment. In human PDAC specimens, the levels of both total Gli1 and methylated Gli1 were correlated positively with PRMT1 protein levels. Notably, PRMT1 regulated Gli1 independently of the canonical Hh pathway as well as the TGFβ/Kras-mediated noncanonical Hh pathway, thereby signifying a novel regulatory mechanism for Gli1 transcriptional activity. Taken together, our results identified a new posttranslational modification of Gli1 that underlies its pivotal oncogenic functions in PDAC. Cancer Res; 76(23); 7049-58. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hsin-Wei Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - How-Wen Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bach LA. Current ideas on the biology of IGFBP-6: More than an IGF-II inhibitor? Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 30-31:81-86. [PMID: 27681092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IGFBP-6 binds IGF-II with higher affinity than IGF-I and it is a relatively specific inhibitor of IGF-II actions. More recently, IGFBP-6 has also been reported to have IGF-independent effects on cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. IGFBP-6 binds to several ligands in the extracellular space, cytoplasm and nucleus. These interactions, together with activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways, may contribute to its IGF-independent actions; for example, IGF-independent migration induced by IGFBP-6 involves interaction with prohibitin-2 and activation of MAP kinase pathways. A major challenge for the future is delineating the relative roles of the IGF-dependent and -independent actions of IGFBP-6, which may lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran 3181, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dunnick JK, Merrick BA, Brix A, Morgan DL, Gerrish K, Wang Y, Flake G, Foley J, Shockley KR. Molecular Changes in the Nasal Cavity after N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine Exposure. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:835-47. [PMID: 27099258 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316637708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT; Cas No. 99-97-8), an accelerant for methyl methacrylate monomers in medical devices, is a nasal cavity carcinogen according to a 2-yr cancer study of male and female F344/N rats, with the nasal tumors arising from the transitional cell epithelium. In this study, we exposed male F344/N rats for 5 days to DMPT (0, 1, 6, 20, 60, or 120 mg/kg [oral gavage]) to explore the early changes in the nasal cavity after short-term exposure. Lesions occurred in the nasal cavity including hyperplasia of transitional cell epithelium (60 and 120 mg/kg). Nasal tissue was rapidly removed and preserved for subsequent laser capture microdissection and isolation of the transitional cell epithelium (0 and 120 mg/kg) for transcriptomic studies. DMPT transitional cell epithelium gene transcript patterns were characteristic of an antioxidative damage response (e.g., Akr7a3, Maff, and Mgst3), cell proliferation, and decrease in signals for apoptosis. The transcripts of amino acid transporters were upregulated (e.g., Slc7a11). The DMPT nasal transcript expression pattern was similar to that found in the rat nasal cavity after formaldehyde exposure, with over 1,000 transcripts in common. Molecular changes in the nasal cavity after DMPT exposure suggest that oxidative damage is a mechanism of the DMPT toxic and/or carcinogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Alex Merrick
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Brix
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel L Morgan
- NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gordon Flake
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
SHh-Gli1 signaling pathway promotes cell survival by mediating baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3) gene in pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9943-50. [PMID: 26815504 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormally activated hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, while its exact molecular mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of Hh signaling pathway on the transcription of BIRC3 gene and its underlying mechanism in pancreatic cancer cells, as well as the relationship between the Gli1-dependent BIRC3 transcription and cell survival. Firstly, we examined the effect of knockdown or overexpression of Hh on BIRC3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by real-time RT-PCR. Then, the regulatory mechanism of Gli1 to BIRC3 gene transcription was investigated by XChIP-PCR and luciferase assays. Finally, the cell survival mediated by the Gli1-dependent BIRC3 transcription was studied by MTT and annexin V-FITC/propidiumiodide (PI) assays. We found that the expression level of BIRC3 mRNA was positively correlated to SHh/Gli1 signaling activation in three pancreatic cancer cell lines. The XChIP-PCR and luciferase assays data showed that the transcription factor Gli1 bound to some enhancers within the promoter regions of BIRC3 gene and promoted gene transcription. The cell proliferation was increased significantly by SHh/Gli1 expression while the apoptotic rate was reduced under the same condition. Moreover, BIRC3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and survival induced by SHh overexpression. Our study reveals that Gli1 promoted transcription of BIRC3 gene via cis-acting elements and the SHh-Gli1 signaling pathway maintained cell survival partially through this Gli1-dependent BIRC3 model in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vlčková K, Ondrušová L, Vachtenheim J, Réda J, Dundr P, Zadinová M, Žáková P, Poučková P. Survivin, a novel target of the Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway in human tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2048. [PMID: 26775700 PMCID: PMC4816174 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, an important antiapoptotic protein, is expressed in tumors, whereas in normal tissues the expression of this protein is extremely low, defining a role for survivin as a cancer gene. Survivin exhibits multifunctional activity in tumor cells. However, why survivin expression is sharply and invariably restricted to tumor tissue remains unclear. Here, we identified 11 putative consensus binding sites for GLI transcription factors in the survivin promoter and characterized the promoter activity. Inhibitors of the Hedgehog/GLI pathway, cyclopamine and GANT61, decreased the promoter activity in reporter assays. ΔNGLI2 (which lacks the repressor domain) was the most potent vector in activating the survivin promoter–reporter. Moreover, GANT61, a GLI1/2 inhibitor, repressed endogenous survivin protein and mRNA expression in most cells across a large panel of tumor cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed GLI2 binding to the survivin promoter. The ectopic GLI2-evoked expression of endogenous survivin was observed in normal human fibroblasts. GANT61 decreased survivin level in nude mice tumors, mimicking the activity of GANT61 in cultured cells. The immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence of human tumors revealed a correlation between the tissue regions showing high GLI2 and survivin positivity. Thus, these results demonstrated that survivin is a classical transcriptional target of GLI2, a Hedgehog pathway signaling effector. This potentially reflects the high expression of survivin in human tumor cells. As the Hedgehog pathway is upregulated in virtually all types of cancer cells, these findings substantially contribute to the explanation of uniform survivin expression in tumors as a potential target for the development of a more effective treatment of cancers through the inhibition of GLI2 to restrain survivin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vlčková
- Laboratory of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Ondrušová
- Laboratory of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vachtenheim
- Laboratory of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Réda
- Laboratory of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Zadinová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Žáková
- Laboratory of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Poučková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang N, Liu S, Wang N, Deng S, Song L, Wu Q, Liu L, Su W, Wei Y, Xie Y, Gong C. Biodegradable polymeric micelles encapsulated JK184 suppress tumor growth through inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2609-24. [PMID: 25581613 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
JK184 can specially inhibit Gli in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which showed great promise for cancer therapeutics. For developing aqueous formulation and improving anti-tumor activity of JK184, we prepared JK184 encapsulated MPEG-PCL micelles by the solid dispersion method without using surfactants or toxic organic solvents. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of JK184 micelles were both increased compared with the free drug. JK184 micelles induced more apoptosis and blocked proliferation of Panc-1 and BxPC-3 tumor cells. In addition, JK184 micelles exerted a sustained in vitro release behavior and had a stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and invasion of HUVECs than free JK184. Furthermore, JK184 micelles had stronger tumor growth inhibiting effects in subcutaneous Panc-1 and BxPC-3 tumor models. Histological analysis showed that JK184 micelles improved anti-tumor activity by inducing more apoptosis, decreasing microvessel density and reducing expression of CD31, Ki67, and VEGF in tumor tissues. JK184 micelles showed a stronger inhibition of Gli expression in Hh signaling, which played an important role in pancreatic carcinoma. Furthermore, circulation time of JK184 in blood was prolonged after entrapment in polymeric micelles. Our results suggested that JK184 micelles are a promising drug candidate for treating pancreatic tumors with a highly inhibitory effect on Hh activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu X, Liu H, Zhang H, Dai W, Guo C, Xie C, Wei S, He S, Xu X. Sonic Hedgehog-GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 Signaling Pathway Promotes the Growth and Migration of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Regulating the Transcription of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A2. Pancreas 2015; 44:1252-8. [PMID: 26465952 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Hh (hedgehog) signaling pathway is still waiting for further studies because its downstream molecular mechanism remains elusive. Because EIF5A2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2) gene was up-regulated upon Gli1 (GLI family zinc finger 1) in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, we speculated that this pathway might promote tumor progression through regulating EIF5A2. METHODS We investigated regulation effect of Hh signaling pathway to EIF5A2 gene transcription by Gli1 knockdown or overexpression in PC cell lines first. Then, the regulation mechanism of Gli1 to EIF5A2 gene was studied at transcription level. Finally, we studied cancer-promoting effects of Gli1-dependent EIF5A2 in PC cells. RESULTS The data showed that Gli1 up-regulated expression of EIF5A2 by promoting transcription via cis-acting elements in PC cells. Moreover, vimentin gene was up-regulated significantly by sonic hedgehog (SHh)/Gli1 expression increasing, and E-cadherin was significantly reduced. The EIF5A2 knockdown partially reversed cell proliferation and migration induced by artificial SHh overexpression and inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition process in PC cells with SHh overexpression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data establish a novel transcription mechanism of Gli1 to EIF5A2 gene in cis-regulatory manner in PC cells. Thus, EIF5A2 oncogene effect could be incorporated into cancer-promoting molecular network upon Hh signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfu Xu
- From the *Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai; Departments of †Pathology and ‡Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; and §Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bach LA. Recent insights into the actions of IGFBP-6. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:189-200. [PMID: 25808083 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IGFBP-6 is an O-linked glycoprotein that preferentially binds IGF-II over IGF-I. It is a relatively selective inhibitor of IGF-II actions including proliferation, survival and differentiation of a wide range of cells. IGFBP-6 has recently been shown to have a number of IGF-independent actions, including promotion of apoptosis in some cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. IGFBP-6 also induces migration of tumour cells including rhabdomyosarcomas by an IGF-independent mechanism. This chemotactic effect is mediated by MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 binds to prohibitin-2 on the cell surface and the latter is required for IGFBP-6-induced migration by a mechanism that is independent of MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 may enter the nucleus and modulate cell survival and differentiation. IGFBP-6 expression is decreased in a number of cancer cells and it has been postulated to act as a tumour suppressor. IGFBP-6 expression is increased in a smaller number of cancers, which may reflect a compensatory mechanism to control IGF-II actions or IGF-independent actions. The relative balance of IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-6 in vivo together with the related question regarding the roles of IGFBP-6 binding to IGF and non-IGF ligands are keys to understanding the physiological role of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran, 3181, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kageyama-Yahara N, Yamamichi N, Takahashi Y, Nakayama C, Shiogama K, Inada KI, Konno-Shimizu M, Kodashima S, Fujishiro M, Tsutsumi Y, Ichinose M, Koike K. Gli regulates MUC5AC transcription in human gastrointestinal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106106. [PMID: 25166306 PMCID: PMC4148389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC5AC is a well-known gastric differentiation marker, which has been frequently used for the classification of stomach cancer. Immunohistochemistry revealed that expression of MUC5AC decreases accompanied with increased malignant property of gastric mucosa, which further suggests the importance of MUC5AC gene regulation. Alignment of the 5′-flanking regions of MUC5AC gene of 13 mammal species denoted high homology within 200 bp upstream of the coding region. Luciferase activities of the deletion constructs containing upstream 451 bp or shorter fragments demonstrated that 15 bp region between −111 and −125 bp plays a critical role on MUC5AC promoter activity in gastrointestinal cells. We found a putative Gli-binding site in this 15 bp sequence, and named this region a highly conserved region containing a Gli-binding site (HCR-Gli). Overexpression of Gli homologs (Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) clearly enhanced MUC5AC promoter activity. Exogenous modulation of Gli1 and Gli2 also affected the endogenous MUC5AC gene expression in gastrointestinal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Gli1 directly binds to HCR-Gli: Gli regulates MUC5AC transcription via direct protein-DNA interaction. Conversely, in the 30 human cancer cell lines and various normal tissues, expression patterns of MUC5AC and Gli did not coincide wholly: MUC5AC showed cell line-specific or tissue-specific expression whereas Gli mostly revealed ubiquitous expression. Luciferase promoter assays suggested that the far distal MUC5AC promoter region containing upstream 4010 bp seems to have several enhancer elements for gene transcription. In addition, treatments with DNA demethylation reagent and/or histone deacetylase inhibitor induced MUC5AC expression in several cell lines that were deficient in MUC5AC expression. These results indicated that Gli is necessary but not sufficient for MUC5AC expression: namely, the multiple regulatory mechanisms should work in the distal promoter region of MUC5AC gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kageyama-Yahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- 1st Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Inada
- 1st Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maki Konno-Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kodashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- 1st Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical College, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu X, Su B, Xie C, Wei S, Zhou Y, Liu H, Dai W, Cheng P, Wang F, Xu X, Guo C. Sonic hedgehog-Gli1 signaling pathway regulates the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) by mediating a new target gene, S100A4, in pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96441. [PMID: 25072505 PMCID: PMC4114558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in EMT of pancreatic cancer cells, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Because S100A4 as a key EMT moleculer marker was found to be upregulated upon Gli1 in pancreatic cancer cells, we focused on the relationship between Shh-Gli1 signals and S100 genes family. Methods On the base of cDNA microarray data, we investigated regulating mechanism of Gli1 to some members of S100A genes family in pancreatic cancer cell lines firstly. Then, the regulation of Gli1 to S100A4 gene was studied by molecular biology assays and the pro-metastasis effection of Gli1-dependent S100A4 was investigated in vitro. Finally, the expressions of Shh, Gli1, S100A4 and E-cadherin in pancreatic cancer tissues were studied by using immunohistochemistry assays. Results Five members of the S100 genes family, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A11, and S100A14 were found to be downregulated significantly upon Gli1 knockdown. Gli1 enhancer prediction combining with in vitro data demonstrated that Gli1 primarily regulates S100A family members via cis-acting elements. Indeed, the data indicate S100A4 and vimentin genes were upregulated significantly by Shh/Gli1-expression increasing and E-cadherin was significantly reduced at the same time. Migration of PC cells was increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner of Gli1 expression (P<0.05) and siS100A4 significantly reversed the response of PC cells induced by L-Shh transduction (P<0.01). Conclusion Our data establish a novel connection between Shh-Gli1 signaling and S100A4 regulation, which imply that S100A4 might be one of the key factors in EMT mediated by Shh-Gli1 signaling in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (Xuanfu Xu); (Xiaorong Xu)
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangao Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shumei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (Xuanfu Xu); (Xiaorong Xu)
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grgic I, Krautzberger AM, Hofmeister A, Lalli M, DiRocco DP, Fleig SV, Liu J, Duffield JS, McMahon AP, Aronow B, Humphreys BD. Translational profiles of medullary myofibroblasts during kidney fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1979-90. [PMID: 24652793 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts secrete matrix during chronic injury, and their ablation ameliorates fibrosis. Development of new biomarkers and therapies for CKD will be aided by a detailed analysis of myofibroblast gene expression during the early stages of fibrosis. However, dissociating myofibroblasts from fibrotic kidney is challenging. We therefore adapted translational ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to isolate and profile mRNA from myofibroblasts and their precursors during kidney fibrosis. We generated and characterized a transgenic mouse expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged L10a ribosomal subunit protein under control of the collagen1α1 promoter. We developed a one-step procedure for isolation of polysomal RNA from collagen1α1-eGFPL10a mice subject to unilateral ureteral obstruction and analyzed and validated the resulting transcriptional profiles. Pathway analysis revealed strong gene signatures for cell proliferation, migration, and shape change. Numerous novel genes and candidate biomarkers were upregulated during fibrosis, specifically in myofibroblasts, and we validated these results by quantitative PCR, in situ, and Western blot analysis. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of early myofibroblast gene expression during kidney fibrosis and introduces a new technique for cell-specific polysomal mRNA isolation in kidney injury models that is suited for RNA-sequencing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Grgic
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Michaela Krautzberger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andreas Hofmeister
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Lalli
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek P DiRocco
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susanne V Fleig
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Division of Nephrology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Aronow
- University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Kidney Group, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fu P, Yang Z, Bach LA. Prohibitin-2 binding modulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6)-induced rhabdomyosarcoma cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29890-900. [PMID: 24003225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.510826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein (IGFBP)-6 decreases cancer cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting the effects of IGF-II. More recently, IGFBP-6 was found to promote the migration of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells in an IGF-independent manner, and MAPK pathways were involved in this process. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these IGF-independent migratory actions of IGFBP-6 are largely unknown. Here, we report that prohibitin-2 (PHB2), a single-span membrane protein, is a key regulator of IGFBP-6-induced RMS cell migration. PHB2 and IGFBP-6 co-localize on the RMS cell surface, and they specifically interact, as demonstrated by affinity chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation, biosensor analysis, and confocal microscopy. Binding affinities for PHB2 are 9.0 ± 1.0 nM for IGFBP-6 and 10.2 ± 0.5 nM for mIGFBP-6, a non-IGF-binding mutant of IGFBP-6. The C-domain but not the N-domain of IGFBP-6 is involved in PHB2 binding. In addition, IGFBP-6 indirectly increases PHB2 tyrosine phosphorylation on RMS membranes. Importantly, PHB2 knockdown completely abolished IGFBP-6-mediated RMS cell migration. In contrast, IGFBP-6-induced MAPK pathway activation was not affected, suggesting that PHB2 may act as a downstream effector of these pathways. These results indicate that PHB2 plays a key role in this IGF-independent action of IGFBP-6 and suggest a possible therapeutic target for RMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- From the Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Li C, Wang M, Su L, Qu Y, Li J, Yu B, Yan M, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhu Z. Decrease of miR-202-3p expression, a novel tumor suppressor, in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69756. [PMID: 23936094 PMCID: PMC3723650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have indicated that microRNAs are involved in the development and progression of cancer. Here we found that miR-202-3p was frequently down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Overexpression of miR-202-3p in gastric cancer cells MKN-28 and BGC-823, markedly suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Gli1 expression was frequently positive in gastric cancer tissues and inversely correlated with miR-133b expression. We demonstrate that the transcriptional factor Gli1 was a target of miR-202-3p and plays an essential role as a mediator of the biological effects of miR-202-3p in gastric cancer. MiR-202-3p also inhibited the expression of γ-catenin and BCL-2. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-202-3p may function as a novel tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and its anti-tumor activity may attribute the direct targeting and inhibition of Gli1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (BL)
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (BL)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Xin S, Wu N, Wen J, Li S, Chen L, Wei Y, Yang H, Lin S. A novel PEGylated liposome-encapsulated SANT75 suppresses tumor growth through inhibiting hedgehog signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60266. [PMID: 23560085 PMCID: PMC3613365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitors have shown great promise in cancer therapeutics. SANT75, a novel compound we previously designed to specially inhibit the Smoothened (SMO) protein in the Hh pathway, has greater inhibitory potency than many of commonly used Hh inhibitors. However, preclinical studies of SANT75 revealed water insolubility and acute toxicity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a liposomal formulation of SANT75 and investigated its antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. We encapsulated SANT75 into PEGylated liposome and the mean particle size distribution and zeta-potential (ZP) of liposomes were optimized. Using the Shh-light2 cell and Gli-GFP or Flk-GFP transgenic reporter zebrafish, we confirmed that liposome-encapsulated SANT75 inhibited Hh activity with similar potency as the original SANT75. SANT75 encapsulated into liposome exerted strong tumor growth-inhibiting effects in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the liposomal SANT75 therapy efficiently improved the survival time of tumor-bearing mice without obvious systemic toxicity. The pathological morphology and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that liposomal SANT75 induced tumor cell apoptosis, inhibited tumor angiogenesis as assessed by CD31 and down-regulated the expression of Hh target protein Gli-1 in tumor tissues. Our findings suggest that liposomal formulated SANT75 has improved solubility and bioavailability and should be further developed as a drug candidate for treating tumors with abnormally high Hh activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yike Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchang Xin
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HY); (SL)
| | - Shuo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HY); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gradilone SA, Radtke BN, Bogert PS, Huang BQ, Gajdos GB, LaRusso NF. HDAC6 inhibition restores ciliary expression and decreases tumor growth. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2259-70. [PMID: 23370327 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are multisensory organelles recently found to be absent in some tumor cells, but the mechanisms of deciliation and the role of cilia in tumor biology remain unclear. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree, normally express primary cilia and their interaction with bile components regulates multiple processes, including proliferation and transport. Using cholangiocarcinoma as a model, we found that primary cilia are reduced in cholangiocarcinoma by a mechanism involving histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). The experimental deciliation of normal cholangiocyte cells increased the proliferation rate and induced anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, deciliation induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Hedgehog signaling, two important pathways involved in cholangiocarcinoma development. We found that HDAC6 is overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma and overexpression of HDAC6 in normal cholangiocytes induced deciliation and increased both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. To evaluate the effect of cilia restoration on tumor cells, we targeted HDAC6 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by the pharmacologic inhibitor, tubastatin-A. Both approaches restored the expression of primary cilia in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. The effects of tubastatin-A were abolished when cholangiocarcinoma cells were rendered unable to regenerate cilia by stable transfection of IFT88-shRNA. Finally, inhibition of HDAC6 by tubastatin-A also induced a significant decrease in tumor growth in a cholangiocarcinoma animal model. Our data support a key role for primary cilia in malignant transformation, provide a plausible mechanism for their involvement, and suggest that restoration of primary cilia in tumor cells by HDAC6 targeting may be a potential therapeutic approach for cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Gradilone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Center for Cell Signalling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration. The present review briefly summarizes the IGF system in physiology and disease before focusing on recent studies on the regulation and actions of IGFBP-6, and its potential roles in cancer cells. Given the widespread interest in IGF inhibition in cancer therapeutics, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of the IGF ligands, receptors and binding proteins, including IGFBP-6, will enhance our ability to develop optimal treatments that can be targeted to the most appropriate patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hao K, Tian XD, Qin CF, Xie XH, Yang YM. Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:1124-32. [PMID: 23292285 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and devastating malignancies. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been reported to play an important role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to examine the activation of the Hh pathway in human pancreatic cancer tissue samples and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the Hh pathway mediated effects on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The expression levels of Hh molecules in human pancreatic cancer tissue samples and pancreatic cancer cell lines were evaluated using RT-PCR. The role of the Hh pathway in cell proliferation and invasion was evaluated using flow cytometry, MTT, colony formation assays and transwell invasion assays, and the expression of cancer stem cell markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated using flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Tumorigenicity assays were used to further investigate the role of the Hh pathway in vivo. Hh molecules were highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissue samples and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of the Hh pathway notably decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and cancer stem cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway significantly inhibited EMT by suppressing the activation of transcription factors Snail and Slug, which are correlated with significantly reduced pancreatic cancer cell invasion, suggesting that the Hh signaling pathway is involved in early metastasis. These results indicate that activation of the Hh pathway is a common event. Inhibition of the Hh pathway may be a potential molecular target of new therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rosow DE, Liss AS, Strobel O, Fritz S, Bausch D, Valsangkar NP, Alsina J, Kulemann B, Park JK, Yamaguchi J, LaFemina J, Thayer SP. Sonic Hedgehog in pancreatic cancer: from bench to bedside, then back to the bench. Surgery 2012; 152:S19-32. [PMID: 22770959 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E Rosow
- Pancreatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu XL, Ai ZH, Wang J, Xu YL, Teng YC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis in identification of endometrial cancer prognosis markers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4607-11. [PMID: 23167388 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Identification of potential biomarkers of EC would be helpful for the detection and monitoring of malignancy, improving clinical outcomes. METHODS The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method was used to identify prognostic markers for EC in this study. Moreover, underlying molecular mechanisms were characterized by KEGG pathway enrichment and transcriptional regulation analyses. RESULTS Seven gene co-expression modules were obtained, but only the turquoise module was positively related with EC stage. Among the genes in the turquoise module, COL5A2 (collagen, type V, alpha 2) could be regulated by PBX (pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1)1/2 and HOXB1(homeobox B1) transcription factors to be involved in the focal adhesion pathway; CENP-E (centromere protein E, 312kDa) by E2F4 (E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding); MYCN (v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived [avian]) by PAX5 (paired box 5); and BCL-2 (B-cell CLL/ lymphoma 2) and IGFBP-6 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6) by GLI1. They were predicted to be associated with EC progression via Hedgehog signaling and other cancer related-pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data on transcriptional regulation may provide a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and clues to potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Micutkova L, Diener T, Li C, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Mueck C, Huetter E, Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Roepstorff P, Zeng R, Jansen-Duerr P. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 delays replicative senescence of human fibroblasts. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:468-79. [PMID: 21820463 PMCID: PMC3192261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can be induced by a variety of mechanisms, and recent data suggest a key role for cytokine networks to maintain the senescent state. Here, we have used a proteomic LC-MS/MS approach to identify new extracellular regulators of senescence in human fibroblasts. We identified 26 extracellular proteins with significantly different abundance in conditioned media from young and senescent fibroblasts. Among these was insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), which was chosen for further analysis. When IGFBP-6 gene expression was downregulated, cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptotic cell death was increased. Furthermore, downregulation of IGFBP-6 led to premature entry into cellular senescence. Since IGFBP-6 overexpression increased cellular lifespan, the data suggest that IGFBP-6, in contrast to other IGF binding proteins, is a negative regulator of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Micutkova
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Diener
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Protein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christoph Mueck
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eveline Huetter
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Protein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pidder Jansen-Duerr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 512 583919 44; fax: +43 512 583919 8.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Harris LG, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Hedgehog signaling: networking to nurture a promalignant tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1165-74. [PMID: 21775419 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in embryonic development, the Hedgehog pathway has been shown to be an active participant in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Although this pathway is activated by autocrine signaling by Hedgehog ligands, it can also initiate paracrine signaling with cells in the microenvironment. This creates a network of Hedgehog signaling that determines the malignant behavior of the tumor cells. As a result of paracrine signal transmission, the effects of Hedgehog signaling most profoundly influence the stromal cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment. The stromal cells in turn produce factors that nurture the tumor. Thus, such a resonating cross-talk can amplify Hedgehog signaling, resulting in molecular chatter that overall promotes tumor progression. Inhibitors of Hedgehog signaling have been the subject of intense research. Several of these inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we review the role of the Hedgehog pathway in the signature characteristics of cancer cells that determine tumor development, progression, and metastasis. This review condenses the latest findings on the signaling pathways that are activated and/or regulated by molecules generated from Hedgehog signaling in cancer and cites promising clinical interventions. Finally, we discuss future directions for identifying the appropriate patients for therapy, developing reliable markers of efficacy of treatment, and combating resistance to Hedgehog pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillianne G Harris
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Purification and characterization of native human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6. J Cell Commun Signal 2011; 5:277-89. [PMID: 21484185 PMCID: PMC3245759 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-011-0126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are key regulators of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) mediated signal transduction and thereby can profoundly influence cellular phenotypes and cell fate. Whereas IGFBPs are extracellular proteins, intracellular activities were described for several IGFBP family members, such as IGFBP-3, which can be reinternalized by endocytosis and reaches the nucleus through routes that remain to be fully established. Within the family of IGFBPs, IGFBP-6 is unique for its specific binding to IGF-II. IGFBP-6 was described to possess additional IGF-independent activities, which have in part been attributed to its translocation to the nucleus; however, cellular uptake of IGFBP-6 was not described. To further explore IGFBP-6 functions, we developed a new method for the purification of native human IGFBP-6 from cell culture supernatants, involving a four-step affinity purification procedure, which yields highly enriched IGFBP-6. Whereas protein purified in this way retained the capacity to interact with IGF-II and modulate IGF-dependent signal transduction, our data suggest that, unlike IGFBP-3, human IGFBP-6 is not readily internalized by human tumor cells. To summarize, this work describes a novel and efficient method for the purification of native human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) from human cell culture supernatants, applying a four-step chromatography procedure. Intactness of purified IGFBP-6 was confirmed by IGF ligand Western blot and ability to modulate IGF-dependent signal transduction. Cellular uptake studies were performed to further characterize the purified protein, showing no short-term uptake of IGFBP-6, in contrast to IGFBP-3.
Collapse
|
35
|
Druz A, Chu C, Majors B, Santuary R, Betenbaugh M, Shiloach J. A novel microRNA mmu-miR-466h affects apoptosis regulation in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1651-61. [PMID: 21337326 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the changes in microRNA (miRs) expression in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells undergoing apoptosis induced by exposing the cells to nutrient-depleted media. The apoptosis onset was confirmed by reduced cell viability and Caspase-3/7 activation. Microarray comparison of known mouse and rat miRs in CHO cells exposed to fresh or depleted media revealed up-regulation of the mouse miR-297-669 cluster in CHO cells subjected to depleted media. The mmu-miR-466h was chosen for further analysis as the member of this cluster with the highest overexpression and its up-regulation in depleted media was confirmed with qRT-PCR. Since miRs suppress mRNA translation, we hypothesized that up-regulated mmu-miR-466h inhibits anti-apoptotic genes and induces apoptosis. A combination of bioinformatics and experimental tools was used to predict and verify mmu-miR-466h anti-apoptotic targets. 8708 predicted targets were obtained from miRecords database and narrowed to 38 anti-apoptotic genes with DAVID NCBI annotation tool. Several genes were selected from this anti-apoptotic subset based on nucleotide pairing complimentarity between the mmu-miR-466h seed region and 3' UTR of the target mRNAs. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed reduced mRNA levels of bcl2l2, dad1, birc6, stat5a, and smo genes in CHO cells exposed to depleted media. The inhibition of the mmu-miR-466h increased the expression levels of those genes and resulted in increased cell viability and decreased Caspase-3/7 activation. The up-regulation of mmu-miR-466h in response to nutrients depletion causes the inhibition of several anti-apoptotic genes in unison. This suggests the pro-apoptotic role of mmu-miR-466h and its capability to modulate the apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Druz
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bldg 14A Rm 176, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen XL, Cheng QY, She MR, Wang Q, Huang XH, Cao LQ, Fu XH, Chen JS. Expression of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Components in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cyclopamine-induced Apoptosis Through Bcl-2 Downregulation In Vitro. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
37
|
Yang H, Guo Q, He R, Li D, Zhang X, Bao C, Hu H, Cui D. A Quick and Parallel Analytical Method Based on Quantum Dots Labeling for ToRCH-Related Antibodies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:1469-1474. [PMID: 20652102 PMCID: PMC2894333 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot is a special kind of nanomaterial composed of periodic groups of II-VI, III-V or IV-VI materials. Their high quantum yield, broad absorption with narrow photoluminescence spectra and high resistance to photobleaching, make them become a promising labeling substance in biological analysis. Here, we report a quick and parallel analytical method based on quantum dots for ToRCH-related antibodies including Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and 2 (HSV2). Firstly, we fabricated the microarrays with the five kinds of ToRCH-related antigens and used CdTe quantum dots to label secondary antibody and then analyzed 100 specimens of randomly selected clinical sera from obstetric outpatients. The currently prevalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were considered as "golden standard" for comparison. The results show that the quantum dots labeling-based ToRCH microarrays have comparable sensitivity and specificity with ELISA. Besides, the microarrays hold distinct advantages over ELISA test format in detection time, cost, operation and signal stability. Validated by the clinical assay, our quantum dots-based ToRCH microarrays have great potential in the detection of ToRCH-related pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology,Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|