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Cakiroglu E, Senturk S. Genomics and Functional Genomics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176342. [PMID: 32882916 PMCID: PMC7504302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surface of the chest wall and lung. The etiology of MPM is strongly associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibers, and the median survival rate of the diagnosed patients is approximately one year. Despite the latest advancements in surgical techniques and systemic therapies, currently available treatment modalities of MPM fail to provide long-term survival. The increasing incidence of MPM highlights the need for finding effective treatments. Targeted therapies offer personalized treatments in many cancers. However, targeted therapy in MPM is not recommended by clinical guidelines mainly because of poor target definition. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and the predictors of poor clinical outcomes of MPM is required to identify novel targets and develop precise and effective treatments. Recent advances in the genomics and functional genomics fields have provided groundbreaking insights into the genomic and molecular profiles of MPM and enabled the functional characterization of the genetic alterations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature and highlights the potential of state-of-the-art genomics and functional genomics research to facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutic modalities in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Ananthanarayanan V, Tretiakova M, Husain AN, Krausz T, Antic T. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) does not differentiate between benign and malignant mesothelium. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:82-7. [PMID: 24926090 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp8bj8cjxuehzd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a marker of renal cell carcinoma that recently has been described in malignant effusions. METHODS Pleural and peritoneal fluids with the following diagnoses-reactive (n = 23), carcinoma (n = 17), and "suspicious for mesothelioma" (n = 4)-were immunostained for CAIX, calretinin, Ber-EP4, and MOC31. A tissue microarray of epithelioid (n = 27) and sarcomatoid (n = 8) mesotheliomas and three cases of benign mesothelium were also immunostained for CAIX. RESULTS Mesothelial cells in both reactive (18/23) and malignant effusions (18/21) were positive for CAIX (P > .05). In carcinomatous effusions, CAIX expression was restricted to the mesothelial cells. Agreement between CAIX and calretinin expression was present in 89% of cases. In tissues, CAIX was positive in 100% of benign and 91% of malignant mesothelium. CONCLUSIONS CAIX can be a useful ancillary marker for identifying mesothelial cells. There is no difference in CAIX expression between benign and malignant mesothelium. Caution should be exercised while evaluating for metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tatjana Antic
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Mlika M, Ayadi-Kaddour A, Ksantini M, Bouraoui S, Mzabi S, El Mezni F. Is galectin-3 antibody a useful marker in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma? J Immunoassay Immunochem 2013; 34:111-25. [PMID: 23537297 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2012.690356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a challenging diagnosis characterized by the absence of real specific diagnostic markers. Positivity with the galectin-3 antibody was assessed by a cytoplasmic expression in 17 MPM. Fourteen cases expressed the galectin-3 antibody. The three negative cases consisted of epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid MPM. The 14 positive cases consisted of epithelioid MPM in 12 cases, sarcomatoid MPM in one case, and biphasic MPM in one case. In spite of our inability to prove the real diagnostic value of the galectin-3 antibody, our findings make us wonder about the implication of this antibody in the carcinogenesis of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mlika
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Campbell NP, Kunnavakkam R, Leighl N, Vincent MD, Gandara DR, Koczywas M, Gitlitz BJ, Agamah E, Thomas SP, Stadler WM, Vokes EE, Kindler HL. Cediranib in patients with malignant mesothelioma: a phase II trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium. Lung Cancer 2012; 78:76-80. [PMID: 22831987 PMCID: PMC4319647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. In preclinical models, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates MM proliferation. In MM patients, higher plasma VEGF levels correlate inversely with survival. Cediranib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGF receptors-1, -2, and -3. METHODS We conducted a multi-center phase II trial of cediranib in patients with unresectable, histologically-confirmed MM who had received ≤1 prior regimen of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. Initial cediranib dosing was 45 mg daily during a 28-day cycle. Due to substantial toxicity, the starting dose was subsequently lowered to 30 mg daily. RESULTS Fifty-one patients enrolled at 9 centers; 50 were evaluable for response. Partial responses were observed in 10% of patients; stable disease was seen in 34%. Disease control (PR+SD) was higher at the 45 mg cediranib dose level (67% vs. 34%, p=0.04). Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% CI 0.1, 14.2); median overall survival (OS) was 4.4 months (95% CI 0.9, 41.7). The 1-year survival rate was 15%. Grade 3/4 toxicities were more frequent in the 45 mg dose level group (87% vs. 43%, p=0.002). These included fatigue, hypertension, pulmonary embolism, angioedema, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy. Median OS was superior in patients who developed ≥grade 3 hypertension (8.5 vs. 4.1 months, p=0.024). CONCLUSION This trial did not meet its pre-specified response endpoint. A higher cediranib dose level was associated with improved disease control, but this dose was poorly tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natasha Leighl
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Mark D. Vincent
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON
| | - David R. Gandara
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Barbara J. Gitlitz
- Department of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Edem Agamah
- Central Illinois Hematology/Oncology, Springfield, IL
| | | | | | - Everett E. Vokes
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hedy L. Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Kalari S, Moolky N, Pendyala S, Berdyshev EV, Rolle C, Kanteti R, Kanteti A, Ma W, He D, Husain AN, Kindler HL, Kanteti P, Salgia R, Natarajan V. Sphingosine kinase 1 is required for mesothelioma cell proliferation: role of histone acetylation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45330. [PMID: 23028939 PMCID: PMC3444486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating disease with an overall poor prognosis. Despite the recent advances in targeted molecular therapies, there is a clear and urgent need for the identification of novel mesothelioma targets for the development of highly efficacious therapeutics. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we report that the expression of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1) protein was preferentially elevated in MPM tumor tissues (49 epithelioid and 13 sarcomatoid) compared to normal tissue (n = 13). In addition, we also observed significantly elevated levels of SphK1 and SphK2 mRNA and SphK1 protein expression in MPM cell lines such as H2691, H513 and H2461 compared to the non-malignant mesothelial Met5 cells. The underlying mechanism appears to be mediated by SphK1 induced upregulation of select gene transcription programs such as that of CBP/p300 and PCAF, two histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the down regulation of cell cycle dependent kinase inhibitor genes such as p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. In addition, using immunoprecipitates of anti-acetylated histone antibody from SphK inhibitor, SphK-I2 treated Met5A and H2691 cell lysates, we also showed activation of other cell proliferation related genes, such as Top2A (DNA replication), AKB (chromosome remodeling and mitotic spindle formation), and suppression of p21 CIP1 and p27KIP1. The CDK2, HAT1 and MYST2 were, however, unaffected in the above study. Using SphK inhibitor and specific siRNA targeting either SphK1 or SphK2, we also unequivocally established that SphK1, but not SphK2, promotes H2691 mesothelioma cell proliferation. Using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes induced peritoneal mesothelioma mouse model, we showed that the SphK1−/− null mice exhibited significantly less inflammation and granulamatous nodules compared to their wild type counterparts. Conclusions/Significance The lipid kinase SphK1 plays a positive and essential role in the growth and development of malignant mesothelioma and is therefore a likely therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kalari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Nagabhushan Moolky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Srikanth Pendyala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cleo Rolle
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rajani Kanteti
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Archana Kanteti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wenli Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Donghong He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aliya N. Husain
- Pathology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hedy L. Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Prasad Kanteti
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The mechanisms that regulate the localization and overexpression of VEGF receptor-2 are promising therapeutic targets in cancer biology. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:347-54. [PMID: 22261741 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835004ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family has been proposed to be the most important signaling protein family in vessel formation and maturation. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays an abundant role in the most common forms of cancer. The localization of VEGFR-2 expression is important in cancer pathogenesis; however, so far, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon. Induced cytoplasmic VEGFR-2 transition from the nucleus is associated with poor prognostic cancer stages. Current VEGFR-2-targeted therapy approaches are effective in inhibiting or arresting tumor growth. Moreover, VEGFR-2-targeted therapy was demonstrated to restore the abnormal vasculature in tumors, enhancing their susceptibility toward conventional therapy. Most effects can be found when VEGFR-2-targeted therapy inhibits not only the induced angiogenesis but also the cancer cells that sometimes overexpress VEGFR-2. Nevertheless, we still have little knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate VEGFR-2 expression and how its localization is exactly involved in cancer prognosis. Further research and evaluation of VEGFR-2 regulation and its nuclear transition is necessary to develop more accurate therapeutic strategies to improve the patients' quality of life and their survival.
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