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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Doghish AS, Zewail MB, Abdelfatah AM, Noshy M, Mohammed OA, El-Dakroury WA. Smart/stimuli-responsive chitosan/gelatin and other polymeric macromolecules natural hydrogels vs. synthetic hydrogels systems for brain tissue engineering: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129323. [PMID: 38242393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no viable curative treatments that can enhance the central nervous system's (CNS) recovery from trauma or illness. Bioengineered injectable smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SSRHs) that mirror the intricacy of the CNS milieu and architecture have been suggested as a way to get around these restrictions in combination with medication and cell therapy. Additionally, the right biophysical and pharmacological stimuli are required to boost meaningful CNS regeneration. Recent research has focused heavily on developing SSRHs as cutting-edge delivery systems that can direct the regeneration of brain tissue. In the present article, we have discussed the pathology of brain injuries, and the applicable strategies employed to regenerate the brain tissues. Moreover, the most promising SSRHs for neural tissue engineering (TE) including alginate (Alg.), hyaluronic acid (HA), chitosan (CH), gelatin, and collagen are used in natural polymer-based hydrogels and thoroughly discussed in this review. The ability of these hydrogels to distribute bioactive substances or cells in response to internal and external stimuli is highlighted with particular attention. In addition, this article provides a summary of the most cutting-edge techniques for CNS recovery employing SSRHs for several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mina Noshy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Ras Sudr 46612, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Shen Z, Yang X, Lan Y, Chen G. The Neuro-Inflammatory Microenvironment: An Important Regulator of Stem Cell Survival in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:741-754. [PMID: 38489182 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment due to excessive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Although decades of research efforts have been put into developing disease-modifying therapies for AD, no "curative" drug has been identified. As a central player in neuro-inflammation, microglia play a key role inbrain homeostasis by phagocytosing debris and regulating the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective events. Typically, the neurotoxic phenotype of activated microglia is predominant in the impaired microenvironment of AD. Accordingly, transitioning the activity state of microglia from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory can restore the disrupted homeostatic microenvironment. Recently, stem cell therapy holds great promise as a treatment for AD; however, the diminished survival of transplanted stem cells has resulted in a disappointing long-term outcome for this treatment. This article reviews the functional changes of microglia through the course of AD-associated homeostatic deterioration. We summarize the possible microglia-associated therapeutic targets including TREM2, IL-3Rα, CD22, C5aR1, CX3CR1, P2X7R, CD33, Nrf2, PPAR-γ, CSF1R, and NLRP3, each of which has been discussed in detail. The goal of this review is to put forth the notion that microglia could be targeted by either small molecules or biologics to make the brain microenvironment more amenable to stem cell implantation and propose a novel treatment strategy for future stem cell interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ou YC, Huang CC, Kao YL, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1691-1708. [PMID: 37115409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that enormously affects an individual's health and quality of life. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is one of the most important sequelae induced by SCI, causing complications including urinary tract infection, renal function deterioration, urinary incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Current therapeutic methods for SCI-induced NLUTD mainly target on the urinary bladder, but the outcomes are still far from satisfactory. Stem cell therapy has gained increasing attention for years for its ability to rescue the injured spinal cord directly. Stem cell differentiation and their paracrine effects, including exosomes, are the proposed mechanisms to enhance the recovery from SCI. Several animal studies have demonstrated improvement in bladder function using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). Human clinical trials also provide promising results in urodynamic parameters after MSC therapy. However, there is still uncertainty about the ideal treatment window and application protocol for stem cell therapy. Besides, data on the therapeutic effects regarding NSCs and stem cell-derived exosomes in SCI-related NLUTD are scarce. Therefore, there is a pressing need for further well-designed human clinical trials to translate the stem cell therapy into a formal therapeutic option for SCI-induced NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chien Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lin Kao
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ocaña SD, Magaquian D, Banchio C. Neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles favour neuronal differentiation and plasticity under stress conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1146592. [PMID: 37033379 PMCID: PMC10080063 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cell types and are involved in intercellular communication. We evaluated if neural stem cells-derived EVs (NSC-EVs) regulate NSCs proliferation and differentiation under control and stress conditions. We found that NSC-EVs treatment increases cell proliferation and promotes neuronal differentiation and plasticity. The fact that nervous tissue poorly recovers after cellular damage, prump us to evaluate the effect of EVs supplementation under oxidative stress and inflammation. We demonstrate that NSC-EVs restore the proliferative potential of the NSCs affected by oxidative stress. In addition, we provide evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation induce neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, the aberrant cell phenotype induced by inflammation is restored by NSC-EVs treatment, suggesting that these vesicles ameliorate the damage burden in neurons and modulate neuronal plasticity. These results contribute to understand the role of the NSCs-derived EVs as key players for brain tissue generation and regeneration and open new pathways to the development of therapies.
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Wu CT, Chu CI, Wang FY, Yang HY, Tseng WS, Chang CR, Chang CC. A change of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on peripheral T cell subsets correlates with the different stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:162. [PMID: 36180897 PMCID: PMC9524741 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoints are a set of costimulatory and inhibitory molecules that maintain self-tolerance and regulate immune homeostasis. The expression of immune checkpoints on T cells in malignancy, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention. Results To characterize immune checkpoints in neurodegenerative diseases, we aimed to examine the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 in peripheral T cells in different Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. To achieve this aim, sixteen AD patients and sixteen age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled to analyze their CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD56+ (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) T cells, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and CD4+/CD8+CD25+ (interleukin-2 receptor alpha, IL-2RA) T cells in this study. The expression of PD-1 on T cells was similar between the AD patients and healthy volunteers, but increased expression of PD-L1 on CD3+CD56+ T cells (natural killer T cells, NKT-like), CD4+ T cells (helper T cells, Th), CD4+CD25+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTL) was detected in the AD patients. In addition, we found negative correlations between the AD patients’ cognitive performance and both CD8+ T cells and CD8+CD25+ T cells. To identify CD8+ T-cell phenotypic and functional characteristic differences between the healthy volunteers and AD patients in different stages, a machine learning algorithm, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), was implemented. Using t-SNE enabled the above high-dimensional data to be visualized and better analyzed. The t-SNE analysis demonstrated that the cellular sizes and densities of PD-1/PD-L1 on CD8+ T cells differed among the healthy, mild AD, and moderate AD subjects. Conclusions Our results suggest that changes in PD-1/PD-L1-expressing T cells in AD patients’ peripheral blood could be a potential biomarker for monitoring disease and shed light on the AD disease mechanism. Moreover, these findings indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment could be a novel choice to slow AD disease deterioration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00897-1.
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Lee EJ, Choi Y, Lee HJ, Hwang DW, Lee DS. Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against Parkinson's disease pathologies. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:198. [PMID: 35468855 PMCID: PMC9040239 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to generate a variety of functional neural cell types and have a high potential for neuronal cell regeneration and recovery. Thus, they been recognized as the best source of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Owing to the possibility of paracrine effect-based therapeutic mechanisms and easier clinical accessibility, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which possess very similar bio-functional components from their cellular origin, have emerged as potential alternatives in regenerative medicine. Material and methods EVs were isolated from human fibroblast (HFF) and human NSC (F3 cells). The supernatant of the cells was concentrated by a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. Then, the final EVs were isolated using a total EV isolation kit. Results In this study, we demonstrate the potential protective effect of human NSC-derived EVs, showing the prevention of PD pathologies in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Human NSC and F3 cell (F3)-derived EVs reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated apoptotic pathways. In addition, F3-derived EVs induced downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and significantly decreased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in vivo. F3 specific microRNAs (miRNAs) such as hsa-mir-182-5p, hsa-mir-183-5p, hsa-mir-9, and hsa-let-7, which are involved in cell differentiation, neurotrophic function, and immune modulation, were found in F3-derived EVs. Conclusions We report that human NSC-derived EVs show an effective neuroprotective property in an in vitro transwell system and in a PD model. The EVs clearly decreased ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results indicate that NSC-derived EVs could potentially help prevent the neuropathology and progression of PD. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01356-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoori Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong J Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.,Research Institute, huMetaCELL Inc., 220, Bugwang-ro, Puchon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,THERABEST, Inc., Seocho-daero 40-gil 41, Seoul, 06656, South Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Bioactive injectable hydrogels for on demand molecule/cell delivery and for tissue regeneration in the central nervous system. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:88-101. [PMID: 34852302 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are no potential curative therapies that can improve the central nervous system (CNS) regeneration after traumatic injuries or diseases. Indeed, the regeneration of CNS is greatly impaired by limited drug penetration across the blood brain barrier (BBB), poor drug targeting, deficient progenitor neural cells and limited proliferation of mature neural cells. To overcome these limitations, bioengineered injectable hydrogels in combination with drug and cell therapy have been proposed to mimic the complexity of the CNS microenvironment and architecture. Additionally, to enhance relevant CNS regeneration, proper biophysical and biochemical cues are needed. Recently, great efforts have been devoted to tailor stimuli-responsive hydrogels as novel carrier systems which are able to guide neural tissue regeneration. This review provides an extensive overview on the most promising injectable hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. A special emphasis is made to highlight the ability of these hydrogels to deliver bioactive compounds/cells upon the exposure to internal and external stimuli. Bioactive injectable hydrogels have a broad application in central nervous system's (CNS) regeneration. This review gives an overview of the latest pioneering approaches in CNS recovery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels for several neurodegenerative disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review summarizes the latest innovations on bioactive injectable hydrogels, focusing on tailoring internal/external stimuli-responsive hydrogels for the new injectable systems design, able to guide neural tissue response. The purpose is to highlight the advantages and the limitations of thermo-responsive, photo responsive, magnetic responsive, electric responsive, ultrasound responsive and enzymes-triggered injectable hydrogels in developing customizable neurotherapies. We believe that this comprehensive review will help in identifying the strengths and gaps in the existing literature and to further support the use of injectable hydrogels in stimulating CNS regeneration.
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8
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Nicaise AM, D'Angelo A, Ionescu RB, Krzak G, Willis CM, Pluchino S. The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:399-414. [PMID: 34820704 PMCID: PMC8975756 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some components of disease, there are none that provide regenerative properties. Within the past decade, neural stem cells (NSCs) have been heavily studied due to their potent anti-inflammatory and reparative capabilities in disease and injury. Exogenously applied NSCs have been found to aid in glial scar healing by reducing inflammation and providing cell replacement. However, endogenous NSCs have also been found to contribute to the reactive environment by different means. Further understanding how NSCs can be leveraged to aid in the resolution of the glial scar is imperative in the use of these cells as regenerative therapies. To do so, humanised 3D model systems have been developed to study the development and maintenance of the glial scar. Herein, we explore the current work on endogenous and exogenous NSCs in the glial scar as well as the novel 3D stem cell–based technologies being used to model this pathology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Phosphatidylcholine restores neuronal plasticity of neural stem cells under inflammatory stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22891. [PMID: 34819604 PMCID: PMC8613233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The balances between NSCs growth and differentiation, and between glial and neuronal differentiation play a key role in brain regeneration after any pathological conditions. It is well known that the nervous tissue shows a poor recovery after injury due to the factors present in the wounded microenvironment, particularly inflammatory factors, that prevent neuronal differentiation. Thus, it is essential to generate a favourable condition for NSCs and conduct them to differentiate towards functional neurons. Here, we show that neuroinflammation has no effect on NSCs proliferation but induces an aberrant neuronal differentiation that gives rise to dystrophic, non-functional neurons. This is perhaps the initial step of brain failure associated to many neurological disorders. Interestingly, we demonstrate that phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-enriched media enhances neuronal differentiation even under inflammatory stress by modifying the commitment of post-mitotic cells. The pro-neurogenic effect of PtdCho increases the population of healthy normal neurons. In addition, we provide evidences that this phospholipid ameliorates the damage of neurons and, in consequence, modulates neuronal plasticity. These results contribute to our understanding of NSCs behaviour under inflammatory conditions, opening up new venues to improve neurogenic capacity in the brain.
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Kim IK, Park JH, Kim B, Hwang KC, Song BW. Recent advances in stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease: Three dimensional tracing and its emerging use. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1215-1230. [PMID: 34630859 PMCID: PMC8474717 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a brain disorder caused by the loss of structure and function of neurons that lowers the quality of human life. Apart from the limited potential for endogenous regeneration, stem cell-based therapies hold considerable promise for maintaining homeostatic tissue regeneration and enhancing plasticity. Despite many studies, there remains insufficient evidence for stem cell tracing and its correlation with endogenous neural cells in brain tissue with three-dimensional structures. Recent advancements in tissue optical clearing techniques have been developed to overcome the existing shortcomings of cross-sectional tissue analysis in thick and complex tissues. This review focuses on recent progress of stem cell treatments to improve neurodegenerative disease, and introduces tissue optical clearing techniques that can implement a three-dimensional image as a proof of concept. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell tracing that will play an important role in evaluating therapeutic efficacy and cellular interrelationship for regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea.
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Sabzalizadeh M, Afarinesh MR, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Farsinejad A, Derakhshani A, Arabzadeh E, Sheibani V. Transplantation of rat dental pulp stem cells facilities post-lesion recovery in the somatosensory whisker cortex of male Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:150-161. [PMID: 33964348 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage to somatosensory "barrel" cortex reduces the rats' behavioral sensitivity in discrimination of tactile stimuli. Here, we examined how transplantation of stem cells into the lesioned barrel cortex can help in recovery of sensory capacities. We induced mechanical lesions in the right barrel cortex area of male rats. Three days after lesioning, rats received one of three transplantation types: un-differentiated dental pulp stem cells (U-DPSCs) or differentiated dental pulp stem cells (D-DPSCs), or cell medium (vehicle). A fourth group of rats were control without any Surgery. For 4 consecutive weeks, starting one week after transplantation, we evaluated the rats' preference to explore novel textures as a measure of sensory discrimination ability, also measured the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Olig 2, nestin, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuroligin1 by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Unilateral mechanical lesion decreased the rats' preferential exploration of novel textures compared to the control group across the 4-week behavioral tests. Following stem cell therapy, the rats' performance significantly improved at week 2-4 compared to the vehicle group. Compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of nestin, NeuN, Olig 2, BDNF, neuroligin1 and a significant increase in the expression of GFAP in the vehicle group. The expression of the neural markers was significantly higher in DPSCs compared with the vehicle group whereas GFAP level was lower in DPSCs compared to vehicle. We found that DPSCs therapy affected a range of neuronal markers in the barrel cortex post lesion, and improved the rats' recovery for sensory discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Derakhshani
- Hydatid Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Zheng J, Wei Z, Yang K, Lu Y, Lu P, Zhao J, Du Y, Zhang H, Li R, Lei S, Lv H, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen YM, Zhang Q, Zhang P. Neural Stem Cell-Laden Self-Healing Polysaccharide Hydrogel Transplantation Promotes Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3046-3054. [PMID: 35014393 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploring a strategy to effectively repair cerebral ischemic injury is a critical requirement for neuroregeneration. Herein, we transplanted a neural stem cell (NSC)-laden self-healing and injectable hydrogel into the brains of ischemic rats and evaluated its therapeutic effects. We observed an improvement in neurological functions in rats transplanted with the NSC-laden hydrogel. This strategy is sufficiently efficient to support neuroregeneration evidenced by NSC proliferation, differentiation, and athletic movement recovery of rats. This therapeutic effect relates to the inhibition of the astrocyte reaction and the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. This work provides a novel approach to repair cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Yin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Lv
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
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Salari V, Mengoni F, Del Gallo F, Bertini G, Fabene PF. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Epilepsy: Possible Treatments and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249683. [PMID: 33353235 PMCID: PMC7765947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells with self-renewing capacities. MSCs display specific properties, such as the ability to repair damaged tissues, resulting in optimal candidates for cell therapy against degenerative diseases. In addition to the reparative functions of MSCs, growing evidence shows that these cells have potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, MSCs are potential tools for treating inflammation-related neurological diseases, including epilepsy. In this regard, over the last decades, epilepsy has no longer been considered a purely neuronal pathology, since inflammatory events underlying the genesis of epilepsy have been demonstrated. This review assessed current knowledge on the use of MSCs in the treatment of epilepsy. Mostly, attention will be focused on the anti-inflammatory and immunological skills of MSCs. Understanding the mechanisms by which MSCs might modulate the severity of the disease will contribute to the development of new potential alternatives for both prophylaxis and treatment against epilepsy.
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Shafiee A, Ahmadi H, Taheri B, Hosseinzadeh S, Fatahi Y, Soleimani M, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Appropriate Scaffold Selection for CNS Tissue Engineering. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:203-220. [PMID: 33014312 PMCID: PMC7502166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular transplantation, due to the low regenerative capacity of the Central Nervous System (CNS), is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The design and application of scaffolds mimicking the CNS extracellular matrix features (biochemical, bioelectrical, and biomechanical), which affect the cellular fate, are important to achieve proper efficiency in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation as well as integration with the surrounding tissue. Different studies on natural materials demonstrated that hydrogels made from natural materials mimic the extracellular matrix and supply microenvironment for cell adhesion and proliferation. The design and development of cellular microstructures suitable for neural tissue engineering purposes require a comprehensive knowledge of neuroscience, cell biology, nanotechnology, polymers, mechanobiology, and biochemistry. In this review, an attempt was made to investigate this multidisciplinary field and its multifactorial effects on the CNS microenvironment. Many strategies have been used to simulate extrinsic cues, which can improve cellular behavior toward neural lineage. In this study, parallel and align, soft and injectable, conductive, and bioprinting scaffolds were reviewed which have indicated some successes in the field. Among different systems, three-Dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a powerful, highly modifiable, and highly precise strategy, which has a high architectural similarity to tissue structure and is able to construct controllable tissue models. 3D bioprinting scaffolds induce cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation and promote the diffusion of nutrients. This method provides exceptional versatility in cell positioning that is very suitable for the complex Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Taheri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mohan SP, Ramalingam M. Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Neuroregeneration. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S60-S66. [PMID: 33149432 PMCID: PMC7595495 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_229_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases and injuries affect the routine life of patients. Current medical and surgical treatment has not improved the quality of life to desired limits. Neural regeneration through stem cells may be ideal choice in current scenario. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are isolated from dental pulp, have shown excellent neuroregenerative properties in various animal studies. This review outlines the clinical perspective of DPSCs in neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Paramel Mohan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India.,Department of Stems Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Malabar Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for BioMaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Oxidative Stress-Tolerant Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Decrease Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures from Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081858. [PMID: 30991705 PMCID: PMC6514841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes severe tissue injury of the central nervous system in ischemic brain damage (IBD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to induce oxidative stress in organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSCs), and investigated the protective effects of oxidative stress-tolerant (OST) stem cells harvested from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) which were co-cultivated with OBSCs. Using presto blue assay and immunostaining, we demonstrated that both normal SHED and OST-SHED could prevent H₂O₂-induced cell death, and increase the numbers of mature neuron and neuronal progenitors in the hippocampus of OBSCs. During co-cultivation, OST-SHED, but not normal SHED, exhibited neuronal cell morphology and expressed neuronal markers. Results from ELISA showed that both normal SHED and OST-SHED significantly decreased oxidative DNA damage in H₂O₂-treated OBSCs. SHED could also produce neurotrophic factor BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and promoted the production of IL-6 in OBSCs. Although OST-SHED had lower cell viability, the neuronal protection of OST-SHED was significantly superior to that of normal SHED. Our findings suggest that SHED, especially OST-SHED, could prevent oxidative stress induced brain damage. OST-SHED can be explored as a new therapeutic tool for IBD, TBI and neurodegenerative disorders.
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17
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Astrocyte Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit After Central Nervous System Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020282. [PMID: 30642007 PMCID: PMC6358919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise the major non-neuronal cell population in the mammalian neurovascular unit. Traditionally, astrocytes are known to play broad roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, including the management of extracellular ion balance and pH, regulation of neurotransmission, and control of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. After CNS injury, cell–cell signaling between neuronal, glial, and vascular cells contribute to repair and recovery in the neurovascular unit. In this mini-review, we propose the idea that astrocytes play a central role in organizing these signals. During CNS recovery, reactive astrocytes communicate with almost all CNS cells and peripheral progenitors, resulting in the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, regulation of inflammatory response, and modulation of stem/progenitor response. Reciprocally, changes in neurons and vascular components of the remodeling brain should also influence astrocyte signaling. Therefore, understanding the complex and interdependent signaling pathways of reactive astrocytes after CNS injury may reveal fundamental mechanisms and targets for re-integrating the neurovascular unit and augmenting brain recovery.
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18
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Salem NA, El-Shamarka M, Khadrawy Y, El-Shebiney S. New prospects of mesenchymal stem cells for ameliorating temporal lobe epilepsy. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:963-972. [PMID: 29470694 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is present in 30% of epileptic patients and does not respond to conventional treatments. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induce endogenous neural stem cells, inhibit neurodegeneration, and promote brain self-repair mechanisms. The present study addresses the feasibility of BMSCs transplantation against pilocarpine-induced TLE experimentally. BMSCs were injected either intravenously (IV) or in hippocampus bilaterally (IC). Increased cell count of BMSCs was achieved via IC route. BMSCs treatment ameliorated the pilocarpine-induced neurochemical and histological changes, retained amino acid neurotransmitters to the normal level, downregulated the immunoreactivity to insulin growth factor-1 receptor, synaptophysin, and caspase-3 and reduced oxidative insult and inflammatory markers detected in epileptic model. It is worth noting that BMSCs IC-administered showed more pronounced effects than those administered via IV route. BMSCs transplantation presents a promise for TLE treatment that has to be elucidated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Salem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Faisalia, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Shamarka
- Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasser Khadrawy
- Medical Research Division, Physiology Department, NRC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El-Shebiney
- Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Montaner A, da Silva Santana TT, Schroeder T, Einicker-Lamas M, Girardini J, Costa MR, Banchio C. Specific Phospholipids Regulate the Acquisition of Neuronal and Astroglial Identities in Post-Mitotic Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:460. [PMID: 29323239 PMCID: PMC5765016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hitherto, the known mechanisms underpinning cell-fate specification act on neural progenitors, affecting their commitment to generate neuron or glial cells. Here, we show that particular phospholipids supplemented in the culture media modify the commitment of post-mitotic neural cells in vitro. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-enriched media enhances neuronal differentiation at the expense of astroglial and unspecified cells. Conversely, phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) enhances astroglial differentiation and accelerates astrocyte maturation. The ability of phospholipids to modify the fate of post-mitotic cells depends on its presence during a narrow time-window during cell differentiation and it is mediated by the selective activation of particular signaling pathways. While PtdCho-mediated effect on neuronal differentiation depends on cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA)/calcium responsive element binding protein (CREB), PtdEtn stimulates astrogliogenesis through the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results provide an additional degree of plasticity in neural cell specification and further support the notion that cell differentiation is a reversible phenomenon. They also contribute to our understanding of neuronal and glial lineage specification in the central nervous system, opening up new avenues to retrieve neurogenic capacity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneley Montaner
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Cell Systems Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Einicker-Lamas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Javier Girardini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcos Romualdo Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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20
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Negi N, Das BK. CNS: Not an immunoprivilaged site anymore but a virtual secondary lymphoid organ. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:57-68. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1357719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Negi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Bimal K. Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar (West), New Delhi, India
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21
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Tseng VCH, Chew CH, Huang WT, Wang YK, Chen KS, Chou SY, Chen CC. An Effective Cell Coculture Platform Based on the Electrospun Microtube Array Membrane for Nerve Regeneration. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 204:179-190. [PMID: 28848167 DOI: 10.1159/000477238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a novel substrate known as an electrospun polylactic acid (PLLA) microtube array membrane (MTAM) was successfully developed as a cell coculture platform. Structurally, this substrate is made up of one-to-one connected, ultrathin, submicron scale fibers that are arranged in an arrayed formation. Its unique structure confers several key advantages which are beneficial in a cell coculture system. In this study, the interaction between rat fetal neural stem cells (NSC) and astrocytes was examined by comparing the outcome of a typical Transwell-based coculture system and that of an electrospun PLLA MTAM-based coculture system. Compared to tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) and Transwell coculture inserts, a superior cell viability of NSC was observed when cultured in lumens of electrospun PLLA MTAM (with supportive immunostaining images). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed a strong interaction between astrocytes and NSC through a higher expression of doublecortin and a lower expression of nestin. These data demonstrate that MTAM is clearly a better coculture platform than the traditional Transwell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chia-Hsuan Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Human Dental Pulp Cells Differentiate toward Neuronal Cells and Promote Neuroregeneration in Adult Organotypic Hippocampal Slices In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081745. [PMID: 28800076 PMCID: PMC5578135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nerve system has fundamental difficulties regarding effective neuroregeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate whether human dental pulp cells (DPCs) can promote neuroregeneration by (i) being differentiated toward neuronal cells and/or (ii) stimulating local neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Using immunostaining, we demonstrated that adult human dental pulp contains multipotent DPCs, including STRO-1, CD146 and P75-positive stem cells. DPC-formed spheroids were able to differentiate into neuronal, vascular, osteogenic and cartilaginous lineages under osteogenic induction. However, under neuronal inductive conditions, cells in the DPC-formed spheroids differentiated toward neuronal rather than other lineages. Electrophysiological study showed that these cells consistently exhibit the capacity to produce action potentials, suggesting that they have a functional feature in neuronal cells. We further co-cultivated DPCs with adult mouse hippocampal slices on matrigel in vitro. Immunostaining and presto blue assay showed that DPCs were able to stimulate the growth of neuronal cells (especially neurons) in both the CA1 zone and the edges of the hippocampal slices. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was expressed in co-cultivated DPCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that DPCs are well-suited to differentiate into the neuronal lineage. They are able to stimulate neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus through neurotrophic support in vitro.
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Unsworth DJ, Mathias JL, Dorstyn DS. Cell therapies administered in the chronic phase after stroke: a meta-analysis examining safety and efficacy. Regen Med 2017; 12:91-108. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of cell therapies for chronic stroke. Methodology: Five databases were searched for treatments administered >90 days post-stroke. Reporting quality, adherence to research guidelines, treatment safety (risk ratios/pooled incidence rates) and neurological/functional efficacy (Hedge’s g) were all evaluated. Results: Twenty-three studies examined 17 treatments. Reporting quality scores were medium to high, but adherence to recommended guidelines was lower. Three treatments resulted in serious adverse events; four improved outcomes more than standard care. However, many studies were under-powered and individual patients varied in their response to some treatments. Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that some cell therapies may be relatively safe and effective, but larger double-blinded placebo-controlled studies are needed to establish the long-term risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Unsworth
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane L Mathias
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diana S Dorstyn
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Distinct and Shared Determinants of Cardiomyocyte Contractility in Multi-Lineage Competent Ethnically Diverse Human iPSCs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37637. [PMID: 27917881 PMCID: PMC5137163 DOI: 10.1038/srep37637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of personalized medicine through human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can be advanced by transcriptomics, epigenomics, and bioinformatics that inform on genetic pathways directing tissue development and function. When possible, population diversity should be included in new studies as resources become available. Previously we derived replicate iPSC lines of African American, Hispanic-Latino and Asian self-designated ethnically diverse (ED) origins with normal karyotype, verified teratoma formation, pluripotency biomarkers, and tri-lineage in vitro commitment. Here we perform bioinformatics of RNA-Seq and ChIP-seq pluripotency data sets for two replicate Asian and Hispanic-Latino ED-iPSC lines that reveal differences in generation of contractile cardiomyocytes but similar and robust differentiation to multiple neural, pancreatic, and smooth muscle cell types. We identify shared and distinct genes and contributing pathways in the replicate ED-iPSC lines to enhance our ability to understand how reprogramming to iPSC impacts genes and pathways contributing to cardiomyocyte contractility potential.
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25
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Synergistic and Superimposed Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Fasudil in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:486-497. [PMID: 27573128 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the ideal transplanted cells of cellular therapy for promoting neuroprotection and neurorestoration. However, the optimization of transplanted cells and the improvement of microenvironment around implanted cells are still two critical challenges for enhancing therapeutic effect. In the current study, we observed the therapeutic potential of MSCs combined with Fasudil in mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and explored possible mechanisms of action. The results clearly show that combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil further reduced the severity of EAE compared with MSCs or Fasudil alone, indicating a synergistic and superimposed effect in treating EAE. The addition of Fasudil inhibited MSC-induced inflammatory signaling TLR-4/MyD88 and inflammatory molecule IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α but did not convert M1 microglia to M2 phenotype. The delivery of MSCs enhanced the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) compared with that of Fasudil. Importantly, combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil further increased the expression of BDNF and GDNF compared with the delivery of MSCs alone, indicating that combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil synergistically contributes to the expression of neurotrophic factors which should be related to the expression of increased galactocerebroside (GalC) compared with mice treated with Fasudil and MSCs alone. However, a lot of investigation is warranted to further elucidate the cross talk of MSCs and Fasudil in the therapeutic potential of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
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26
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Yan H, Zhu X, Xie J, Zhao Y, Liu X. β-amyloid increases neurocan expression through regulating Sox9 in astrocytes: A potential relationship between Sox9 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1646:377-383. [PMID: 27317830 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether β-amyloid (Aβ) was able to enhance neurocan expression in a Sox9 dependent manner in astrocytes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Astrocytes were incubated with Aβ at different concentrations, the expression of Sox9 and neurocan was detected by Western blot assay. Meanwhile, the viability and proliferation of astrocytes were assessed by MTT assay. Then, the Sox9 expression was silenced, and the expression of Sox9 and neurocan was examined. RESULTS After incubation with Aβ, the viability of astrocytes was increased regardless silencing of Sox9 (all P<0.05). The proliferation of astrocytes was also gradually increased with the increase in the time of Aβ incubation (all P<0.05). With the increase in Aβ concentration, the expression of Sox9 and neurocan was also increased (all P<0.05). However, after silencing of Sox9 expression, the neurocan expression was significantly reduced as compared to control group and scra-siRNA group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study shows the viability and proliferation of astrocytes are significantly increased by Aβ in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, Aβ may effectively up-regulate the neurocan expression via regulating Sox9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Junchao Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
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Hsieh FY, Lin HH, Hsu SH. 3D bioprinting of neural stem cell-laden thermoresponsive biodegradable polyurethane hydrogel and potential in central nervous system repair. Biomaterials 2015; 71:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Yu Q, Cao J, Chen B, Deng W, Cao X, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang S, Yu J, Xu X, Gao X. Efficient gene delivery to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by cationized Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7097-107. [PMID: 26604758 PMCID: PMC4655959 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study centered on an innovative application of Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PPS) with cationic modification as a safe and efficient nonviral gene vector to deliver a plasmid encoding human Wnt3a (pWnt3a) into human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). After modification with branched low-molecular-weight (1,200 Da) polyethylenimine, the cationized PPS (CPPS) was combined with pWnt3a to form spherical nanoscale particles (CPPS-pWnt3a nanoparticles). Particle size and distribution indicated that the CPPS-pWnt3a nanoparticles at a CPPS:pWnt3a weight ratio of 40:1 might be a potential candidate for DNA plasmid transfection. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the nanoparticles prepared at a CPPS:pWnt3a weight ratio of 40:1 were nontoxic to HUMSCs compared to those of Lipofectamine 2000 and polyethylenimine (25 kDa). These nanoparticles were further transfected to HUMSCs. Western blotting demonstrated that the nanoparticles (CPPS:pWnt3a weight ratio 40:1) had the greatest transfection efficiency in HUMSCs, which was significantly higher than that of Lipofectamine 2000; however, when the CPPS:pWnt3a weight ratio was increased to 80:1, the nanoparticle-treated group showed no obvious improvement in translation efficiency over Lipofectamine 2000. Therefore, CPPS, a novel cationic polysaccharide derived from P. yezoensis, could be developed into a safe, efficient, nonviral gene vector in a gene-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Li H, Zeng S, Chen L, Fang Z, Huang Q. Long-term tracing of the BrdU label-retaining cells in adult rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:30-34. [PMID: 25681624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to be label-retaining, slow-cycling cells. In the adult mammalian central nervous system, the distribution of the stem cells is inconsistent among previous studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution of BrdU-LRCs and the cell types of the BrdU-LRCs in rat brain. To label BrdU-LRCs in rat brain, six newborn rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of BrdU 50mg/kg/time twice a day at 2h intervals, over four consecutive days. The BrdU-LRCs were detected by immunohistochemistry, the cell types were examined by double immunofluorescence staining for BrdU/GFAP and BrdU/MAP2, and the percentage of BrdU-LRCs was calculated following a chase period of 24 weeks post-injection. We observed that BrdU-LRCs distributed extensively in rat brain. In the LV, DG, striatum, cerebellum and neocortex, the percentage of BrdU-LRCs was 11.3 ± 2.5%, 10.9 ± 1.3%, 6.4 ± 1.2%, 5.6 ± 0.8%, and 4.9 ± 0.6%, respectively. The highest density of BrdU-LRCs was in LV and DG, the known stem cell sites in adult mammalian brain. Both BrdU/GFAP and BrdU/MAP2 double-staining cells could be detected in the above five brain subregions. Ongoing cell production was widespread in the adult mammalian brain, which would allow us to reevaluate the capacity and potentiality of the brain in homeostasis, wound repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Psychiatric and Psychological Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515041, China; Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515065, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515041, China.
| | - Shaopeng Zeng
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515041, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515041, China
| | - Zeman Fang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515065, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515065, China
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Kim MJ, Je AR, Kim HJ, Huh YH, Kweon HS. Coat protein I depletion-associated Golgi fragmentation in an Alzheimer's disease model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.984756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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