1
|
Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoxha D, Stefkov G. Phytocomponents in treatment of Alzheimer condition. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donika Hoxha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Gjoshe Stefkov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao X, He C, Wang S, Lei Y, Niu Q. The association between blood lymphocyte NMDAR, group I mGluRs and cognitive function changes in occupationally aluminum-exposed workers and verification in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126875. [PMID: 34673477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that occupational aluminum (Al) exposure could affect the cognitive functions of workers and cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Glutamate receptors (GluRs) play an important role in learning and memory functions. METHODS 352 workers in a large Al production enterprise were investigated in this research. MMSE, CDT, DST, VFT, FOM were used to evaluate the cognitive functions of workers. Plasma Al levels as exposure indices were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Method (GFAAS). The expression of GluRs was measured by ELISA. Cognitive function comprehensive scores were obtained through factor analysis. Then a rat model of chronic AlCl3 exposure was established. The detection method of Al levels and protein expression were the same as mentioned-above. RESULTS Compared with the Q1 group, the DST, VFT, and comprehensive cognitive function scores of the Q4 group were lower(P < 0.05). For every 1μg/L increase in plasma Al concentration, the risk of cognitive impairment increases 1.051 times (95 %CI:1.031,1.072). Both NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A protein expression level of Q1 group were higher than those of Q2, Q3, Q4 group (all P < 0.05). The mediating effect ratio of NMDAR1 between plasma Al levels and cognitive function comprehensive scores was a1*b1/c=11.30 %, and the mediating effect ratio of NMDAR2A was |a2*b2/c|=21.77 %. Compared with control group, the escape latency of rats in the high Al dose group was longer day by day (P < 0.05). With the increase of Al dose, the relative expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, GluR1 and mGluR5 in cerebral cortex and lymphocytes of rats were decreased (P < 0.05). The result of correlation analysis on NMDAR1 protein expression between brain cortex and lymphocyte showed that the correlation coefficient is r = 0.646(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taking together the results from both Al exposed workers and animal, there is a certain correlation between NMDAR1 protein contents of brain cortex and peripheral lymphocytes. We propose that lymphocyte NMDAR1 could be considered as a peripheral potential marker of cognitive impairment for further observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Chanting He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu R, Xing H, Wang X, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang L, Li Z, Duan D, Chen J. Neuroprotective effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against rotenone-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 45:143-149. [PMID: 34707025 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on nerve cells, an injury model induced by rotenone in PC12 cells was constructed. Cell viability was detected by using CCK8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells was determined using the CM-H2DCFDA probe. Protein expression in PC12 cells was detected using western blotting. The results showed that TSG (20-100 μM) attenuated the cytotoxic effects of rotenone on PC12 cells. TSG pretreatment attenuated the apoptosis rate, the degradation of PARP and the activation of cleaved caspase 3, which was induced by rotenone. TSG can significantly reduce the effect of rotenone on the reduction of MMP and the expression of cytoC in the cytosolic fraction. TSG attenuated rotenone-induced de-phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of cofilin, as well as rotenone-induced accumulation of ROS. The western blot results showed that ROT could decrease the expression level of p-GSK-3β and p-AKT, and TSG could weaken these effects of rotenone. In addition, TSG increased the expression level of Nrf2 in the nuclear fraction. These results suggest that TSG could protect PC12 cells against rotenone through multiple pathways. Thus, TSG has the potential to become a novel neuroprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun ML, Chen XY, Cao JJ, Cui XH, Wang HB. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb extract extended the lifespan and healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16/SIR-2.1/SKN-1. Food Funct 2021; 12:8774-8786. [PMID: 34374387 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01908b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PMT), as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and inflammation. However, the effect of PMT on the lifespan and its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we found that 60% ethanol refined fraction (PMT-E) of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb at 50 μg mL-1, which contained two main bioactive compounds, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), could significantly increase the mean lifespan by 19.82%, delay the age-related decline of phenotypes, enhance stress resistance and reduce ROS accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, we also found that the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) and ATP content of worms treated with 50 μg mL-1 PMT-E were obviously improved. Further mechanistic studies revealed that DAF-16, SIR-2.1 and SKN-1 transcription factors were required for PMT-E-mediated lifespan extension. Finally, we found that PMT-E could significantly inhibit the toxicity induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) in Aβ transgenic worms. Altogether, these findings laid the foundation for the use of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb to treat aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Sun
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin-Yan Chen
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jin-Jin Cao
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiang-Huan Cui
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bushen-Tiansui Formula Improves Cognitive Functions in an A β 1-42 Fibril-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8874885. [PMID: 33029123 PMCID: PMC7532368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bushen-Tiansui Formula (BTF) was empirically updated from a classical prescription named Kong-Sheng-Zhen-Zhong pill. It is based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the mutual relationship between the brain and the kidney and is intended to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This formulation has been used for several years to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) like symptoms in our clinical department. However, the medicinal ingredients and the mechanisms by which BTF improves cognition and memory functions have not been characterized. In this study, we used UPLC-MS to generate a chromatographic fingerprinting of BTF and identified five possible active ingredients, including stilbene glycoside; epimedin A1, B, and C; and icariin. We also showed that oral administration of BTF reversed the cognitive defects in an Aβ1–42 fibril-infused rat model of AD, protected synaptic ultrastructure in the CA1 region, and restored the expression of BDNF, synaptotagmin (Syt), and PSD95. These effects likely occurred through the BDNF-activated receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/Akt/CREB signaling pathway. Furthermore, BTF exhibited no short-term or chronic toxicity in rats. Together, these results provided a scientific support for the clinical use of BTF to improve learning and memory in patients with AD.
Collapse
|
7
|
XU M, WANG Y. [Stilbene glucoside inhibits ultraviolet radiation B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:625-630. [PMID: 31955536 PMCID: PMC10412946 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) on stress-induced premature senescence of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) exposed to ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) and its possible mechanism. METHODS HSFs were repeatedly exposed to UVB at a subcytotoxic level. TSG treatment (0.02, 0.10 and 0.50 mmol/L) was given immediately after each irradiation. The HSFs were divided into six groups:blank control group, model group, UVB+0.02 mmol/L TSG group, UVB+0.10 mmol/L TSG group, UVB+0.50 mmol/L TSG and TSG group (0.50 mmol/L). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells; senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to estimate the degree of premature senescence in cells; TBA method and WST-1 method were used to detect intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; and ELISA was applied to quantify the secretion level of matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP-1) in cultured supernatant. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group, the proliferative activity and SOD level in the model group decreased (P<0.05), while the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells, MDA and MMP-1 levels increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the proliferative activity and SOD level increased in UVB+TSG groups (all P<0.05), and the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells, MDA and MMP-1 levels decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TSG can inhibit UVB-induced premature senescence of HSF, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and high expression of MMP-1.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Suppresses NAPDH Oxidative Stress to Mitigate Apoptosis and Autophagy Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3913981. [PMID: 31379960 PMCID: PMC6662418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3913981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) is the active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Fallopia multiflora, which has extensive pharmacological activities. The current study aimed to observe the neuroprotective mechanism of TSG in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury-induced apoptosis and autophagy from the point of view of oxidative stress (OS). The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was prepared through the suture-occluded method, and TSG was administered through tail vein injection at the time of reperfusion at the doses of 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/kg. Compared with sham group, the neurological score in I/R mice was increased (P<0.05), along with remarkably elevated cerebral infarct volume (P<0.05); while TSG administration could reduce the neurological score and cerebral infarct volume (P<0.05) and improve the neuronal damage in ischemic cortex and hippocampus (P<0.05). The expression of NOX4, activated caspase-3(9), and Beclin 1 (P<0.05), as well as the LC3BII/I ratio, had been markedly elevated (P<0.05), while TSG administration could effectively suppress the expression of the above-mentioned proteins (P<0.05). In conclusion, TSG shows obvious protection against brain injury in I/R mice, and its mechanism may be related to suppressing the NADPH-induced OS and reducing neuronal apoptosis as well as autophagy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tetrahydroxystilbene glycoside antagonizes β-amyloid-induced inflammatory injury in microglia cells by regulating PU.1 expression. Neuroreport 2019; 29:787-793. [PMID: 29668503 PMCID: PMC5999375 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglial activation is proposed as an effective strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Tetrahydroxystilbene glycoside (TSG) is the main active ingredient of Polygonum multiflorum and has a wide range of biological properties, including antiinflammation. Here, we focused on the function and regulatory mechanism of TSG in Aβ-induced N9 and BV2 cells. The results showed that Aβ treatment induced the activation of microglia cells and the production of inflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase 2, and prostaglandin E2, which were significantly inhibited by TSG pretreatment. Furthermore, we found Aβ exposure increased the levels of microglial M1 markers, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, and the pretreatment of TSG suppressed the increase of M1 markers and enhanced the levels of M2 markers, including IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and arginase-1. PU.1 overexpression was found to eradicate the anti-inflammatory effects of TSG in Aβ-induced microglial cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that TSG attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation and polarizes microglia towards M2 phenotype, which may be closely associated with the regulation of PU.1.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie M, Zhang G, Yin W, Hei XX, Liu T. Cognitive enhancing and antioxidant effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside in A β 1 - 42 -induced neurodegeneration in mice. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 17:355-365. [DOI: 10.3233/jin-170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xie
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Clinical Basic, Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Clinical Basic, Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Yin
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Clinical Basic, Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Hei
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Clinical Basic, Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Clinical Basic, Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Icariin Attenuates Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits in an A β1-42-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7464872. [PMID: 29057264 PMCID: PMC5625750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7464872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a prenylated flavanol glycoside present in abundant quantities in Epimedium sagittatum, has shown promise in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Damage to synaptic plasticity induced by amyloid-beta-mediated neurotoxicity is considered a main pathological mechanism driving the learning and memory deficits present in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of icariin in an Aβ1–42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Our results showed that Aβ1–42 injection induced loss of learning and memory behaviour in the Morris water maze, which could be reversed with intragastric administration of ICA. Furthermore, ICA reversed decreases in PSD-95, BDNF, pTrkB, pAkt, and pCREB expressions and prevented deterioration of synaptic interface structure. These findings indicate that ICA may improve synaptic plasticity through the BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway and provide further evidence for its clinical application to improve learning and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li YH, Wang XS, Chen XL, Jin Y, Chen HB, Jia XQ, Zhang YF, Wu ZZ. Neuroprotective effect of the Chinese medicine Tiantai No. 1 and its molecular mechanism in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:301-306. [PMID: 28400814 PMCID: PMC5361516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.200813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiantai No. 1, a Chinese medicine predominantly composed of powdered Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Radix Ginseng, and Ginkgo leaf at a ratio of 2:1:2 and dissolved in pure water, is neuroprotective in animal models of various cognitive disorders, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. We administered Tiantai No. 1 intragastrically to senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice (a model of Alzheimer's disease) at doses of 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks and evaluated their behavior in the Morris water maze and expression of Alzheimer's disease-related proteins in the brain. Tiantai No. 1 shortened the escape latency in the water maze training trials, and increased swimming time in the target quadrant during the spatial probe test, indicating that Tiantai No. 1 improved learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Tiantai No. 1 restored the proliferation potential of Ki67-positive cells in the hippocampus. In addition, mice that had received Tiantai No. 1 had fewer astrocytes, and less accumulation of amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau. These results suggest that Tiantai No. 1 is neuroprotective in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and acts by restoring neuronal number and proliferation potential in the hippocampus, decreasing astrocyte infiltration, and reducing the accumulation of amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Bo Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Jia
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Feng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|