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Woldańska-Okońska M, Koszela K. The Physiological Impact of Melatonin, Its Effect on the Course of Diseases and Their Therapy and the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Melatonin Secretion-Potential Common Pathways of Influence. Biomolecules 2024; 14:929. [PMID: 39199317 PMCID: PMC11353072 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a relic, due to its millions-of-years-old presence in chemical reactions, found in evolutionarily diverse organisms. It has a multidirectional biological function. It controls diurnal rhythms, redox homeostasis, intestinal motor functions, mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal development and has antioxidant effects. It also has analgesic and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of melatonin in vital processes occurring in interaction with the environment, with particular reference to various magnetic fields ubiquitous in the life of animate matter, especially radio frequency/extra low frequency (RF/ELF EMF) and static magnetic fields. The most important part of this article is to describe the potential effects of magnetic fields on melatonin secretion and the resulting possible health effects. Melatonin in some cases positively amplifies the electromagnetic signal, intensifying health effects, such as neurogenesis, analgesic effects or lowering blood pressure. In other cases, it is a stimulus that inhibits the processes of destruction and aggravation of lesions. Sometimes, however, in contrast to the beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields in therapy, they intensify pathogenic effects, as in multiple sclerosis by intensifying the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woldańska-Okońska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Koszela
- Department of Neuroorthopedics and Neurology Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
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López de Mingo I, Rivera González MX, Maestú Unturbe C. The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5074. [PMID: 38791113 PMCID: PMC11121623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of regulations for exposure to extremely low-frequency (0-300) Hz electromagnetic fields, scientific opinion has prioritised the hypothesis that the most important parameter determining cellular behaviour has been intensity, ignoring the other exposure parameters (frequency, time, mode, waveform). This has been reflected in the methodologies of the in vitro articles published and the reviews in which they are included. A scope review was carried out, grouping a total of 79 articles that met the proposed inclusion criteria and studying the effects of the different experiments on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the cell cycle. These results have been divided and classified by frequency, intensity, exposure time and exposure mode (continuous/intermittent). The results obtained for each of the processes according to the exposure parameter used are shown graphically to highlight the importance of a good methodology in experimental development and the search for mechanisms of action that explain the experimental results, considering not only the criterion of intensity. The consequence of this is a more than necessary revision of current exposure protection regulations for the general population based on the reductionist criterion of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López de Mingo
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco-Xavier Rivera González
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos (ETSIINF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ceferino Maestú Unturbe
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red—Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhen C, Zhang G, Wang S, Wang J, Fang Y, Shang P. Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism in living organisms: A review of effects and mechanism. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:43-54. [PMID: 38447710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence, evolution, and spread of life on Earth have all occurred in the geomagnetic field, and its extensive biological effects on living organisms have been documented. The charged characteristics of metal ions in biological fluids determine that they are affected by electromagnetic field forces, thus affecting life activities. Iron metabolism, as one of the important metal metabolic pathways, keeps iron absorption and excretion in a relatively balanced state, and this process is precisely and completely controlled. It is worth paying attention to how the iron metabolism process of living organisms is changed when exposed to electromagnetic fields. In this paper, the processes of iron absorption, storage and excretion in animals (mammals, fish, arthropods), plants and microorganisms exposed to electromagnetic field were summarized in detail as far as possible, in order to discover the regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field. Studies and data on the effects of electromagnetic field exposure on iron metabolism in organisms show that exposure profiles vary widely across species and cell lines. This process involves a variety of factors, and the complexity of the results is not only related to the magnetic flux density/operating frequency/exposure time and the heterogeneity of the observed object. A systematic review of the biological regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field exposure will not only contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects and mechanism, but also is necessary to improve human awareness of the health related risks of electromagnetic field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313300, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Woldańska-Okońska M, Kubsik-Gidlewska A, Koszela K. Changes in Melatonin Concentration in a Clinical Observation Study under the Influence of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetic Stimulation in Men with Low Back Pain)-Results of Changes in an Eight-Point Circadian Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15860. [PMID: 37958842 PMCID: PMC10648269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in melatonin concentration under the influence of magnetic stimulation in men with low back pain. A total of 15 men were used in this study, divided into two groups. In Group 1, consisting of seven men, the M1P1 Viofor JPS program was used twice a day for 8 min, at 08:00 and 13:00. In Group 2, consisting of eight men, the M2P2 Viofor JPS program was used once a day for 12 min at 10:00. The application was subjected to the whole body of patients. The treatments in both groups lasted 3 weeks, for 5 days each week, with breaks on weekends. The diurnal melatonin profile was determined the day before exposure and the day after the last treatment, as well as at one-month follow-up. Blood samples were collected eight times a day. In both programs, magnetic stimulation did not reduce the nocturnal peak of melatonin concentration. After exposure, prolonged secretion of melatonin was observed until the morning hours. The impact of the magnetic field was maintained 1 month after the end of the application. The effect of the magnetic field was maintained for 1 month from the end of the application, which confirms the thesis about the occurrence of the phenomenon of biological hysteresis. The parameters of the magnetic fields, the application system, and the time and length of the application may affect the secretion of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woldańska-Okońska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.W.-O.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Anna Kubsik-Gidlewska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.W.-O.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Kamil Koszela
- Department of Neuroorthopedics and Neurology Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang Y, Worrell GA, Wang HL. It is the Frequency that Matters: Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Release and Content of Extracellular Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552505. [PMID: 37609326 PMCID: PMC10441284 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound structures that originate from various cell types and carry molecular cargo to influence the behavior of recipient cells. The use of EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for diagnosis and treatment in a wide range of human disease is a rapidly growing field of research and clinical practice. Four years ago, we postulated the hypothesis that electromagnetic fields (EMF) will influence the release and content of EVs (1). Since then, we have optimized several technical aspects of our experimental setup. We used a bioreactor system that allows cells to grow in a three-dimensional environment mimicking in-vivo conditions. We designed a custom-made EMF stimulation device that encompasses the bioreactor and delivers uniform EMFs. We established a three-step EV purification protocol that enables high-density production of EVs. We then performed mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis on EV-related proteins and used high-resolution nanoparticle flowcytometry for single-vesicle analysis. We demonstrate that electrical stimulations of current amplitudes at physiological level that are currently applied in therapeutic deep brain stimulation can modulate EV content in a frequency-dependent manner, which may have important implications for basic biology and medical applications. First, it raises intriguing questions about how the endogenous electrical activity of neuronal and other cellular assemblies influence the production and composition of EVs. Second, it reveals an additional underlying mechanism of how therapeutic electrical stimulations can modulate EVs and treat human brain disorders. Third, it provides a novel approach of utilizing electrical stimulations in generating specific EV cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory A. Worrell
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Paolucci T, Pino V, Elsallabi O, Gallorini M, Pozzato G, Pozzato A, Lanuti P, Reis VM, Pesce M, Pantalone A, Buda R, Patruno A. Quantum Molecular Resonance Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome/Nitrosative Stress and Promotes M1 to M2 Macrophage Polarization: Potential Therapeutic Effect in Osteoarthritis Model In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1358. [PMID: 37507898 PMCID: PMC10376596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) technology in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis-related inflammation. The study used THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and hyaluronic acid fragments to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative stress. QMR treatment inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression and activity and reduced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, QMR treatment led to a significant reduction in peroxynitrite levels, reactive nitrogen species that can form during inflammatory conditions, and restored tyrosine nitration values to those similar to sham-exposed control cells. We also investigated the effect of QMR treatment on inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization in THP-1-derived macrophages. Results showed that QMR treatment significantly decreased NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 protein expression levels and downregulated IL-18 and IL-1β protein expression and secretion. Finally, our findings indicate that QMR treatment induces a switch in macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vanessa Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Pantalone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Buda
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Lazzarini R, Eléxpuru-Zabaleta M, Piva F, Giulietti M, Fulgenzi G, Tartaglione MF, Zingaretti L, Tagliabracci A, Valentino M, Santarelli L, Bracci M. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: proteomic characterization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114650. [PMID: 36805133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MF) can modify the cell viability and regulatory processes of some cell types, including breast cancer cells. Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease where a role for ELF-MF cannot be excluded. ELF-MF may influence the biological properties of breast cells through molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are still unclear. This study analyzed the changes in the cell viability, cellular morphology, oxidative stress response and alteration of proteomic profile in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT for 4 h). Non-tumorigenic human breast cells (MCF-10A) were used as control cells. Exposed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells increased their viability and live cell number and showed a higher density and length of filopodia compared with the unexposed cells. In addition, ELF-MF induced an increase of the mitochondrial ROS levels and an alteration of mitochondrial morphology. Proteomic data analysis showed that ELF-MF altered the expression of 328 proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells and of 242 proteins in MCF-10A cells. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis demonstrated that in both cell lines ELF-MF exposure up-regulated the genes enriched in "focal adhesion" and "mitochondrion". The ELF-MF exposure decreased the adhesive properties of MDA-MB-231 cells and increased the migration and invasion cell abilities. At the same time, proteomic analysis, confirmed by Real Time PCR, revealed that transcription factors associated with cellular reprogramming were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells and downregulated in MCF-10A cells after ELF-MF exposure. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exposed to 1 mT 50 Hz ELF-MF showed modifications in proteomic profile together with changes in cell viability, cellular morphology, oxidative stress response, adhesion, migration and invasion cell abilities. The main signaling pathways involved were relative to focal adhesion, mitochondrion and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Lazzarini
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maria Eléxpuru-Zabaleta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maria Fiorella Tartaglione
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Laura Zingaretti
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
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Shirbandi K, Khalafi M, J Bevelacqua J, Sadeghian N, Adiban S, Bahaeddini Zarandi F, Mortazavi SA, Mortazavi SH, Mortazavi SMJ, S Welsh J. Exposure to Low Levels of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Cell-phones as a Promising Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2023; 13:3-16. [PMID: 36818013 PMCID: PMC9923247 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2109-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant public health concerns and tremendous economic challenges. Studies conducted over the past decades show that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) may relieve AD symptoms. OBJECTIVE To determine if exposure to RF-EMFs emitted by cellphones affect the risk of AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this review, all relevant published articles reporting an association of cell phone use with AD were studied. We systematically searched international datasets to identify relevant studies. Finally, 33 studies were included in the review. Our review discusses the effects of RF-EMFs on the amyloid β (Aβ), oxidative stress, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuronal death, and astrocyte responses. Moreover, the role of exposure parameters, including the type of exposure, its duration, and specific absorption rate (SAR), are discussed. RESULTS Progressive factors of AD such as Aβ, myelin basic protein (MBP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL) were decreased. While tau protein showed no change, factors affecting brain activity such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain temperature, and neuronal activity were increased. CONCLUSION Exposure to low levels of RF-EMFs can reduce the risk of AD by increasing MAPK and GFAP and decreasing MBP. Considering the role of apoptosis in AD and the effect of RF-EMF on the progression of the process, this review indicates the positive effect of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Shirbandi
- Department of International Affairs (IAD), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalafi
- Allied Health Science, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Najmeh Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saina Adiban
- Biotechnology Student, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital Hines, Illinois, USA
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Wyszkowska J, Pritchard C. Open Questions on the Electromagnetic Field Contribution to the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16150. [PMID: 36498223 PMCID: PMC9738318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the current state of knowledge about the possible contributory influence of the electromagnetic field on the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Up-to-date literature indicates both favourable and adverse effects of electromagnetic exposure on human health, making it difficult to come to valid and unambiguous conclusions. The epidemiological data analysis from the World Health Organization statistics shows a substantial rise in neurological mortality compared with rises in total populations in developed countries over a mere 15-year period. The largest of the analysed countries produced odds ratios of >100%. The contribution of electromagnetic exposure to the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is still undoubtedly open to discussion, and it requires further in-depth research to assess the action mechanism of electromagnetic fields in neurodegenerative diseases. The limitations of research published hitherto and the problem of drawing unequivocal conclusions are also in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth Gateway, 106 St. Pauls Rd, Bournemouth BH88AJ, UK
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Yadav H, Sharma RS, Singh R. Immunotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119793. [PMID: 35863710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence recommends that radiofrequency radiations might be a new type of environmental pollutant. The consequences of RFR on the human immune system have gained considerable interest in recent years, not only to examine probable negative effects on health but also to understand if RFR can modulate the immune response positively. Although several studies have been published on the immune effects of RFR but no satisfactory agreement has been reached. Hence this review aims to evaluate the RFR modulating impacts on particular immune cells contributing to various innate or adaptive immune responses. In view of existing pieces of evidence, we have suggested an intracellular signaling cascade responsible for RFR action. The bio-effects of RFR on immune cell morphology, viability, proliferation, genome integrity, and immune functions such as ROS, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, apoptosis, etc. are discussed. The majority of existing evidence point toward the possible shifts in the activity, number, and/or function of immunocompetent cells, but the outcome of several studies is still contradictory and needs further studies to reach a conclusion. Also, the direct association of experimental studies to human risks might not be helpful as exposure parameters vary in real life. On the basis of recent available literature, we suggest that special experiments should be designed to test each particular signal utilized in communication technologies to rule out the hypothesis that longer exposure to RFR emitting devices would affect the immunity by inducing genotoxic effects in human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India.
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11
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Karateev A, Polishchuk E, Fesyun A, Konchugova T, Filatova E, Amirdzhanova V, Kulchitskaya D, Potapova A, Sukhareva M, Lila A, Ivanova EP. Magnetic therapy in acute and subacute non-specific back pain: Results of an open multicenter study. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35904101 PMCID: PMC9580537 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic therapy (MT) is a non-drug method that improves the effectiveness of treatment of musculoskeletal pain, including:acute non-specific back pain (NBP). Objective of our study was to evaluate the results of complex treatment of patients with acute/subacute NBP at home using MT. The study group consisted of 339 patients with severe acute/subacute NBP. All patients received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 166 patients (Group 1) received a course of MT (ALMAG+ device), 173 patients or a control group (Group 2) who did not receive MT. The dynamics of pain was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. So, the intensity of pain during movement (NRS) decreased from 7 [5;8] and 7 [5;8] to 0 [0;13] and 2 [1;3] after 1 month. (p<0.001). Significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 were observed in the dynamics of pain at rest and at night, overall health assessment (OHA), and sleep function and disorders. The average duration of NSAIDs use in Group 1 was 8.8±3.9, Group 2 – 11.8±5.7 days (p<0.001). The use of MT increases the effectiveness of treatment of acute/subacute NBP and reduces the need for NSAIDs use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Karateev
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow.
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow.
| | - Anatoly Fesyun
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow.
| | - Tatiana Konchugova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow.
| | - Ekaterina Filatova
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow.
| | - Vera Amirdzhanova
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow.
| | - Detelina Kulchitskaya
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow.
| | - Alena Potapova
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow.
| | - Marina Sukhareva
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow.
| | - Alexander Lila
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova", Moscow, Russia; Department of Rheumatology «Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow.
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12
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León Ruiz M, Sospedra M, Arce Arce S, Tejeiro-Martínez J, Benito-León J. Current evidence on the potential therapeutic applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of the literature. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:199-215. [PMID: 35465914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of studies have evaluated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We performed a PubMed search for articles, recent books, and recommendations from the most relevant clinical practice guidelines and scientific societies regarding the use of TMS as symptomatic treatment in MS. CONCLUSIONS Excitatory electromagnetic pulses applied to the affected cerebral hemisphere allow us to optimise functional brain activity, including the transmission of nerve impulses through the demyelinated corticospinal pathway. Various studies into TMS have safely shown statistically significant improvements in spasticity, fatigue, lower urinary tract dysfunction, manual dexterity, gait, and cognitive deficits related to working memory in patients with MS; however, the exact level of evidence has not been defined as the results have not been replicated in a sufficient number of controlled studies. Further well-designed, randomised, controlled clinical trials involving a greater number of patients are warranted to attain a higher level of evidence in order to recommend the appropriate use of TMS in MS patients across the board. TMS acts as an adjuvant with other symptomatic and immunomodulatory treatments. Additional studies should specifically investigate the effect of conventional repetitive TMS on fatigue in these patients, something that has yet to see the light of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M León Ruiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Sospedra
- Sección de Neuroinmunología y de Investigación en Esclerosis Múltiple, Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Zúrich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Arce Arce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Dirección Médica, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tejeiro-Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benito-León
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lai H. Neurological effects of static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:201-221. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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León Ruiz M, Sospedra M, Arce Arce S, Tejeiro-Martínez J, Benito-León J. Current evidence on the potential therapeutic applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of the literature. Neurologia 2022; 37:199-215. [PMID: 29898858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of studies have evaluated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We performed a PubMed search for articles, recent books, and recommendations from the most relevant clinical practice guidelines and scientific societies regarding the use of TMS as symptomatic treatment in MS. CONCLUSIONS Excitatory electromagnetic pulses applied to the affected cerebral hemisphere allow us to optimise functional brain activity, including the transmission of nerve impulses through the demyelinated corticospinal pathway. Various studies into TMS have safely shown statistically significant improvements in spasticity, fatigue, lower urinary tract dysfunction, manual dexterity, gait, and cognitive deficits related to working memory in patients with MS; however, the exact level of evidence has not been defined as the results have not been replicated in a sufficient number of controlled studies. Further well-designed, randomised, controlled clinical trials involving a greater number of patients are warranted to attain a higher level of evidence in order to recommend the appropriate use of TMS in MS patients across the board. TMS acts as an adjuvant with other symptomatic and immunomodulatory treatments. Additional studies should specifically investigate the effect of conventional repetitive TMS on fatigue in these patients, something that has yet to see the light of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M León Ruiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - M Sospedra
- Sección de Neuroinmunología y de Investigación en Esclerosis Múltiple, Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Zúrich, Zúrich, Suiza
| | - S Arce Arce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España; Departamento de Dirección Médica, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España
| | - J Tejeiro-Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - J Benito-León
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, España
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15
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Omer H. Radiobiological effects and medical applications of non-ionizing radiation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5585-5592. [PMID: 34588869 PMCID: PMC8459055 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases but it can also cause harm to the body by burning or mutation. This depends on whether the radiation is ionizing or nonionizing. Despite its vast applications in surgery, dermatology and cosmetics, little is taught and thus known about non-ionizing radiation. This review article discusses the fundamentals of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations. The main aim is to extensively explain the different types of non-ionizing radiation. This will equip students and medical personnel with knowledge on different medical applications and expose them to a variety of specializations in medicine that utilize non-ionizing radiation. The article discusses the physics, hazard, means of protection and medical application of each type of radiation: ultraviolet radiation, light (both visible light and LASER), infrared radiation, microwaves and extremely low frequency radiation separately. It presents these terms in a simple manner that avoids rigors mathematics and physics, which makes them comprehensible for medical students. The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches could also lead to increased hazards to the body unless they are treated with precaution. If not adequately monitored, a significant health risk may be posed to potentially exposed employees. Hence proper dosage should be used for non-ionizing radiation. This is only possible through understanding of the risks/benefits of these radiations by studying the physics and radiobiological effects of each individual radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Omer
- Department of Basic Sciences Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Drzewiecka EM, Kozlowska W, Paukszto L, Zmijewska A, Wydorski PJ, Jastrzebski JP, Franczak A. Effect of the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation on Transcriptomic Profile of Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7322. [PMID: 34298942 PMCID: PMC8305477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromagnetic field (EMF) affects the physiological processes in mammals, but the molecular background of the observed alterations remains not well established. In this study was tested the effect of short duration (2 h) of the EMF treatment (50 Hz, 8 mT) on global transcriptomic alterations in the myometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period using next-generation sequencing. As a result, the EMF treatment affected the expression of 215 transcript active regions (TARs), and among them, the assigned gene protein-coding biotype possessed 90 ones (differentially expressed genes, DEGs), categorized mostly to gene ontology terms connected with defense and immune responses, and secretion and export. Evaluated DEGs enrich the KEGG TNF signaling pathway, and regulation of IFNA signaling and interferon-alpha/beta signaling REACTOME pathways. There were evaluated 12 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DE-lnc-RNAs) and 182 predicted single nucleotide variants (SNVs) substitutions within RNA editing sites. In conclusion, the EMF treatment in the myometrium collected during the peri-implantation period affects the expression of genes involved in defense and immune responses. The study also gives new insight into the mechanisms of the EMF action in the regulation of the transcriptomic profile through lnc-RNAs and SNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Monika Drzewiecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Wiktoria Kozlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Agata Zmijewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Pawel Jozef Wydorski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Jan Pawel Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Anita Franczak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
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17
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Karateev AE, Lila AM, Vertkin AL, Alekseeva LI, Gerasimenko MY, Arkov VV, Smirnova SN, Sukhareva ML, Tsykunov MB. Efficiency and safety of magnetotherapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Expert council (3 june 2020, Moscow). RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-734-742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. M. Lila
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - A. L. Vertkin
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | - M. Yu. Gerasimenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - V. V. Arkov
- Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - S. N. Smirnova
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)
| | | | - M. B. Tsykunov
- N.N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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18
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Liao Y, Tang C, Cai P. Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1633-1640. [PMID: 32991227 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1828657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Safety concerns about the effects of long-term extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on human health have been raised. To explore the effects of continuous exposure to ELF-EMF on organisms for multiple generations, we selected Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and conducted long-term continuous exposure studies for multiple generations under 20 °C, 50 Hz, and 3 mT ELF-EMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each generation of worms was treated with ELF-EMF from the egg in the same environment. After long-term exposure to ELF-EMF, the body length of the worms was detected, and 15th generation adult worms were selected as the research object. The ATP level and ATPase were detected, and the expression levels of genes encoding ATP synthase (r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, unc-32, atp-3) were detected by RT-PCR. In worm's antioxidant system, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dichlorofluorescein staining, and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were investigated. The expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase (sod-1, sod-2, sod-3) was detected in adult (60 h) worms of the fifteenth generation (F15). RESULTS These results showed that the body length of F15 worms increased significantly, ATP content increased significantly, ATP synthase activity was significantly enhanced, and the expression levels of the r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, and atp-3 genes encoding ATPase were significantly upregulated in F15 worms. In addition, SOD activity increased significantly, and the expression levels of the sod-1, sod-2, and sod-3 genes encoding SOD were also significantly upregulated in F15 worms. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that continuous exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF for multiple generations can increase the body length of worms, induce the synthesis of ATP and enhance the antioxidant capacity of worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongyan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Cai
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Antonia P, Erica C, Alessio F, Mirko P, Francesca D, Oriana T, Marcella R. Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7284. [PMID: 33023074 PMCID: PMC7582394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have been known to modulate inflammatory responses by targeting signal transduction pathways and influencing cellular redox balance through the generation of oxidants and antioxidants. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative effect of ELF-EMF in THP-1 cells, particularly with respect to antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), regulated transcriptionally through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 1 h, 6 h and, 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in LPS-treated THP-1 cells, with peak expression at 6 h, accompanied with a concomitant migration to the nucleus of a truncated HO-1 protein form. The immunostaining analysis further verified a nuclear enrichment of HO-1. Moreover, ELF-EMF inhibited the protein expressions of the sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, confirming their anti-inflammatory/antioxidative role. Pretreatment with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and PD980559 (ERK inhibitor) inhibited LPS-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 protein expression in ELF-EMF-exposed cells. Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patruno Antonia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Costantini Erica
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Ferrone Alessio
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Pesce Mirko
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Diomede Francesca
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Trubiani Oriana
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Reale Marcella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
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20
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Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Norouzi P, Faghihi-Zarandi A, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Khoramrooz SS, Mirbadie SR, Mirzaii M. The Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Some Biochemical Parameters of Power Plant Workers: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 42:18-26. [PMID: 32931612 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) can affect the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant vitamin consumption on proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters changes. In this randomized, controlled double-blinded trial study, power plant workers exposed to ELF-MFs were enrolled based on inclusion criteria. Ninety-one eligible subjects were randomly divided into four groups: the first group (400 units of vitamin E/day), second group (1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), third group (400 units of vitamin E and 1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), and control group. The intervention was conducted for 3 months. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], total protein, and albumin) were measured among the participants' serums, before and after the intervention. The mean level of IL-6 in all vitamin-receiving groups, the mean level of IL-1β in vitamin C and E&C groups, and the mean level of TNF-α in the vitamin C group, decreased significantly after intervention. The arithmetic means of the effect sizes for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were 0.71, 0.57, and 0.2, respectively. The level of HDL-c in the vitamin E and vitamin E&C groups and the level of triglyceride in the vitamin C group significantly increased after the intervention. Taking antioxidant vitamins can prevent an increase of proinflammatory cytokines induced by prolonged exposure to ELF-MFs. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:18-26. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pirasteh Norouzi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Faghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Modelling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaii
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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21
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22
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Zhang M, Wang J, Sun Q, Zhang H, Chen P, Li Q, Wang Y, Qiao G. Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:574-584. [PMID: 32014586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Along with rapid offshore and onshore wind power development in modern society, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in the habits of aquatic organisms. However, the biological effects of ELF-EMF on aquatic organisms are almost sparse. In this study, Onchidium struma without shell was chosen to aim whether ELF-EMF can elicit immune response of mollusk based on immune-related enzyme activities and gene expression through high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Three experimental groups, i.e. ELF-EMF unexposed control group (C), ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) exposed E1 group, and ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 500 μT) exposed E2 group, were set, and coelomocytes were collected to analyze. The results showed that total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density in E1 group increased significantly compared to groups C and E2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on amoebocyte and chromatocyte density among groups C, E1 and E2. ELF-EMF exposure could significantly increase immune-related enzyme activities in coelomic fluid of O. struma, including acidic phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, antioxidative capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase (P < 0.05). A total of 54.32 Mb and 55.27 Mb raw reads with average length of 1520 bp were obtained from coelomocytes of O. struma in unexposed and exposed groups, respectively. There were 341 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) between unexposed and exposed groups, including 209 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated unigenes. All the DGEs were allocated to 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and five pathways were associated with immune response, including TLR/TNF/NOD-like receptor/MAPK/Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways. Altogether, short-term (to one week) exposure of O. struma to lower luxy density ELF-EMF (<500 μT) could elicit the immune response, and antioxidant system is recommended as indicators of immunological effects. Hopefully, this study will further provide insights into exploring biomarker for evaluation of the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on aquatic organisms regarding to field density, frequency and exposure duration, and provide good guidance for exploitation and utilization of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirui Sun
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Department of Aquaculture, School of Fisheries and Life, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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Mahdavinejad L, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Eftekharian MM, Zaerieghane Z, Salehi I, Hajilooi M, Mahaki H, Zamani A. Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Decrease Serum Levels of Interleukin-17, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Downregulate Foxp3 Expression in the Spleen. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:457-462. [PMID: 30328796 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine effect of extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure on serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as signature cytokines of Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, respectively. Retinoid-related orphan receptor γT and transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression levels as lineage defining of Th17 and Treg cells were also assessed in the spleen and thymus. Eighty male rats were separated into 4 exposed groups (1, 100, 500, and 2,000 μT magnetic flux intensities) and a control. All rats were immunized by human serum albumin after 1 month of the exposure and the experiment was continued in the same manner for 1 month more. The results demonstrated that the weight of thymuses was significantly declined at intensity of 2,000 μT. At the preimmunization phase, the serum levels of IL-17 and TGF-β were significantly decreased at intensities of 1 and 100 μT. The expression of Foxp3 was also downregulated at intensities of 1 and 100 μT. In conclusion, low intensities of ELF-EMF may reduce the serum levels of IL-17 and TGF-β and downregulate the expression of Foxp3 in spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mahdavinejad
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alahgholi-Hajibehzad
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
- 2 Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
- 2 Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zohre Zaerieghane
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- 3 Department of Physiology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hajilooi
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
- 2 Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
- 2 Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
- 2 Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
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Mattsson MO, Simkó M. Emerging medical applications based on non-ionizing electromagnetic fields from 0 Hz to 10 THz. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2019; 12:347-368. [PMID: 31565000 PMCID: PMC6746309 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for using non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF; at frequencies from 0 Hz up to the THz range) for medical purposes has been of interest since many decades. A number of established and familiar methods are in use all over the world. This review, however, provides an overview of applications that already play some clinical role or are in earlier stages of development. The covered methods include modalities used for bone healing, cancer treatment, neurological conditions, and diathermy. In addition, certain other potential clinical areas are touched upon. Most of the reviewed technologies deal with therapy, whereas just a few diagnostic approaches are mentioned. None of the discussed methods are having such a strong impact in their field of use that they would be expected to replace conventional methods. Partly this is due to a knowledge base that lacks mechanistic explanations for EMF effects at low-intensity levels, which often are used in the applications. Thus, the possible optimal use of EMF approaches is restricted. Other reasons for the limited impact include a scarcity of well-performed randomized clinical trials that convincingly show the efficacy of the methods and that standardized user protocols are mostly lacking. Presently, it seems that some EMF-based methods can have a niche role in treatment and diagnostics of certain conditions, mostly as a complement to or in combination with other, more established, methods. Further development and a stronger impact of these technologies need a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between EMF and biological systems at lower intensity levels. The importance of the different physical parameters of the EMF exposure needs also further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats-Olof Mattsson
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Myrtill Simkó
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
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Hosseinabadi MB, Khanjani N, Samaei SE, Nazarkhani F. Effect of long-term occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proinflammatory cytokine and hematological parameters. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1573-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Samaei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nazarkhani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
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Soleimani M, Golab F, Alizadeh A, Rigi S, Samani ZN, Vahabzadeh G, Peirovi T, Sarbishegi M, Katebi M, Azedi F. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q 10 on hippocampal injury in mouse. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18720-18730. [PMID: 30932191 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are reported to interfere with chemical reactions involving free radical production. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong antioxidant with some neuroprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of EMF and CoQ10 in a mouse model of hippocampal injury. Hippocampal injury was induced in mature female mice (25-30 g), using an intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 2.5 mg/kg). The experimental groups were exposed to EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz and intensity of 5.9 mT for 7 hr daily over 1 week or treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks following TMT injection. A Morris water maze apparatus was used to assess learning and spatial memory. Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests were also performed for the histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. Antiapoptotic genes were studied, using the Western blot technique. The water maze test showed memory improvement following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Nissl staining and TUNEL tests indicated a decline in necrotic and apoptotic cell count following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Western blot study indicated the upregulation of antiapoptotic genes in treatment with CoQ10, as well as coadministration. Also, treatment with EMF had no significant effects on reducing damage induced by TMT in the hippocampus. According to the results, EMF had no significant neuroprotective effects in comparison with CoQ10 on hippocampal injury in mice. Nevertheless, coadministration of EMF and CoQ10 could improve the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sara Rigi
- Department of Anatomy, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nazarian Samani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gelareh Vahabzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Peirovi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Urumia University of Medical Sciences, Urumia, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarbishegi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Katebi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Azedi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pritchard C, Silk A, Hansen L. Are rises in Electro-Magnetic Field in the human environment, interacting with multiple environmental pollutions, the tripping point for increases in neurological deaths in the Western World? Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:76-83. [PMID: 31088653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whilst humans evolved in the earth's Electro-Magnetic-Field (EMF) and sun-light, both being essential to life but too much sun and we burn. What happens if background EMF rise to critical levels, coinciding with increasing environmental pollutants? Two of the authors can look back over 50 clinical years and appreciate the profound changes in human morbidity across a range of disparate conditions - autoimmune diseases, asthma, earlier cancer incidence and reduced male sperm counts. In particular have been increased autism, dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and neurological diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Early Onset Dementia, Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. What might have caused these changes-whilst genetic factors are taken as given, multiple environmental pollutants are associated with neurological disease although the mechanisms are unclear. The pace of increased neurological deaths far exceeds any Gompertzian explanation - that because people are living longer they are more likely to develop more age-related problems such as neurological disease. Using WHO global mortality categories of Neurological Disease Deaths (NDD) and Alzheimer's and Dementia deaths (Alz), updated June 2018, together they constitute Total Neurological Mortality (TNM), to calculate mortality rates per million for people aged 55-74 and for the over-75's in twenty-one Western countries. Recent increases in American people aged over-75's rose 49% from 1989 to 2015 but US neurological deaths increased five-fold. In 1989 based on Age-Standardised-Deaths-Rates America USA was 17th at 324 pm but rising to 539 pm became second highest. Different environmental/occupational factors have been found to be associated with neuro-degenerative diseases, including background EMF. We briefly explore how levels of EMF interact upon the human body, which can be described as a natural antennae and provide new evidence that builds upon earlier research to propose the following hypothesis. Based upon recent and new evidence we hypothesise that a major contribution for the relative sudden upsurge in neurological morbidity in the Western world (1989-2015), is because of increased background EMF that has become the tipping point-impacting upon any genetic predisposition, increasing multiple-interactive pollutants, such as rises in petro-chemicals, hormone disrupting chemicals, industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals. The unprecedented neurological death rates, all within just twenty-five years, demand a re-examination of long-term EMF safety related to the increasing background EMF on human health. We do not wish to 'stop the modern world', only make it safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Pritchard
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Silk
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Hansen
- Southern Health, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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28
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Yao F, Li Z, Cheng L, Zhang L, Zha X, Jing J. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through upregulation of miR-219-5p in vitro. Life Sci 2019; 223:185-193. [PMID: 30885522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), which induce myelination, plays a critical role in the functional recovery following SCI. In this study, the effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the differentiation of OPCs and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated. MAIN METHODS OPCs were randomly divided into the PEMF and non-PEMF (NPEMF) groups. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to assess the expression levels of OLs stage-specific markers after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of PEMF or NPEMF exposure. qRT-PCR was used to further assess the expression levels of miR-219-5p, miR-338, miR-138, and miR-9, which are associated with OPCs differentiation, and the expression levels of genes associated with miR-219-5p. Finally, following PEMF or NPEMF exposure, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to explore the relationship between miR-219-5p and Lingo1 and between miR-219-5p and PEMF in promoting OPCs differentiation. KEY FINDINGS PEMF promoted the differentiation of OPCs. PEMF upregulated the expression level of miR-219-5p and downregulated the expression level of Lingo1 during the differentiation of OPCs. Under PEMF exposure, miR-219-5p targeted Lingo1 and reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-219-5p inhibitor on OPCs differentiation. In addition, PEMF synergized with miR-219-5p to promote OPCs differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Our results, for the first time, indicated that PEMF promoted OPCs differentiation by regulating miR-219-5p activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Xiaowei Zha
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
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30
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Consales C, Panatta M, Butera A, Filomeni G, Merla C, Carrì MT, Marino C, Benassi B. 50-Hz magnetic field impairs the expression of iron-related genes in the in vitro SOD1 G93A model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:368-377. [PMID: 30513241 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1552378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterized the response to the extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) in an in vitro model of familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (fALS), carrying two mutant variants of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, stably over-expressing the wild type, the G93A or the H46R mutant SOD1 cDNA, were exposed to either the ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT) or the sham control field, up to 72 h. Analysis of (i) viability, proliferation and apoptosis, (ii) reactive oxygen species generation, and (iii) assessment of the iron metabolism, were carried out in all clones in response to the MF exposure. RESULTS We report that 50-Hz MF exposure induces: (i) no change in proliferation and viability; (ii) no modulation of the intracellular superoxide and H2O2 levels; (iii) a significant deregulation in the expression of iron-related genes IRP1, MFRN1 and TfR1, this evidence being exclusive for the SOD1G93A clone and associated with a slight (p = .0512) difference in the total iron content. CONCLUSIONS 50-Hz MF affects iron homeostasis in the in vitro SOD1G93A ALS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Panatta
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Alessio Butera
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- c Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.,d Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD) , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Caterina Merla
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Carmela Marino
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- a Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies , Rome , Italy
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Zhu BY, Yang ZD, Chen XR, Zhou J, Gao YH, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Exposure Duration Is a Determinant of the Effect of Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields on Peak Bone Mass of Young Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:95-106. [PMID: 29362823 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We proposed a three-step strategy to obtain the optimal therapeutic parameters, which is composed of large-scale screening at cellular level, verification in animal experiments, and confirmation by a clinical trial. The objective of the current study was to test the feasibility of our strategy. Newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts were treated by 50 Hz 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 h/days, respectively. The osteogenic differentiation and maturation of the osteoblast were assayed and compared to obtain the optimal duration. One-month-old growing rats were then treated by the same SEMFs with 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 h/days, respectively, and the peak bone mass was analyzed after 2 months. It was found that the optimal exposure duration to promote the osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts was 1.5 h/days, judging by the increasing degrees of ALP activity, calcified nodules formed, the gene and protein expression levels of Runx-2, BMP-2, and Col-I, as well as the expression levels of signaling proteins of the BMP-2/Smad1/5/8 pathway. The highest increase of peak bone mass after 2 months was also obtained by 1.5 h/days, judging by the results of X-ray dual-energy absorptiometry, mechanical property analysis, micro-CT scanning, and serum bone turnover marker examinations. The above results indicated that exposure duration is a determinant for the therapeutic effect of EMFs, and the optimal therapeutic effects only can be obtained by the optimal exposure duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Z D Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - X R Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yanglin, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Gao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - C J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - K M Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
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López-Furelos A, Salas-Sánchez AA, Ares-Pena FJ, Leiro-Vidal JM, López-Martín E. Exposure to radiation from single or combined radio frequencies provokes macrophage dysfunction in the RAW 264.7 cell line. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:607-618. [PMID: 29659305 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1465610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to radiation from single or multiple radio-frequency (RF) signals at 900 and 2450 MHz would induce effects in the RAW 264.7 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures were exposed to single or combined RF for 4, 24, 48, or 72 h in a GTEM electromagnetic test chamber. At the end of the radiation exposure time, viability and cell growth were analyzed by flow cytometry, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by colorimetry, the expression of HSP70 and TNF-α was ascertained by qPCR, and the phagocytic activity was observed by microscopy. RESULTS NO production increased after 48 h exposure at 2450 MHz, compared with controls. The group subjected to the combined interaction of two RFs showed an increase of HSP70 after 48 h exposure and a significant increase of NO and TNF-α after 72 h. The phagocytic activity of macrophages decreased in all groups as exposure time increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a decrease in phagocytic activity and an increase in inflammatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic responses in macrophages after continuous and combined exposure of multiple RF signals. Multiple RF interact in everyday life, the immune response in humans is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Furelos
- a Department of Morphological Sciences , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Aarón A Salas-Sánchez
- b Department of Applied Physics , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Francisco J Ares-Pena
- b Department of Applied Physics , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - José M Leiro-Vidal
- c Institute of Alimentary Analysis , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Elena López-Martín
- a Department of Morphological Sciences , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Rosado MM, Simkó M, Mattsson MO, Pioli C. Immune-Modulating Perspectives for Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Innate Immunity. Front Public Health 2018; 6:85. [PMID: 29632855 PMCID: PMC5879099 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the immune system have received a considerable interest, not only to investigate possible negative health impact but also to explore the possibility to favorably modulate immune responses. To generate beneficial responses, the immune system should eradicate pathogens while “respecting” the organism and tolerating irrelevant antigens. According to the current view, damage-associated molecules released by infected or injured cells, or secreted by innate immune cells generate danger signals activating an immune response. These signals are also relevant to the subsequent activation of homeostatic mechanisms that control the immune response in pro- or anti-inflammatory reactions, a feature that allows modulation by therapeutic treatments. In the present review, we describe and discuss the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMF and pulsed EMF on cell signals and factors relevant to the activation of danger signals and innate immunity cells. By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
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Pillet F, Gibot L, Catrain A, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Courtois K, Chretiennot T, Bellard E, Tarayre J, Golzio M, Vezinet R, Rols MP. High power electromagnetic pulse applicators for evaluation of biological effects induced by electromagnetic radiation waves. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16319-16329. [PMID: 35542224 PMCID: PMC9080243 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro applicators for real-time observation of electromagnetic radiation waves effects on giant unilamellar vesicles and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | - Laure Gibot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | | | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | - Kristelle Courtois
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | | | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | | | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- UPS
- Toulouse
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35
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Zeni O, Simkó M, Scarfi MR, Mattsson MO. Cellular Response to ELF-MF and Heat: Evidence for a Common Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins? Front Public Health 2017; 5:280. [PMID: 29094036 PMCID: PMC5651525 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that magnetic fields in the extremely low frequency range (ELF-MF) can act as a stressor in various in vivo or in vitro systems, at flux density levels below those inducing excitation of nerve and muscle cells, which are setting the limits used by most generally accepted exposure guidelines, such as the ones published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. In response to a variety of physiological and environmental factors, including heat, cells activate an ancient signaling pathway leading to the transient expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which exhibit sophisticated protection mechanisms. A number of studies suggest that also ELF-MF exposure can activate the cellular stress response and cause increased HSPs expression, both on the mRNA and the protein levels. In this review, we provide some of the presently available data on cellular responses, especially regarding HSP expression, due to single and combined exposure to ELF-MF and heat, with the aim to compare the induced effects and to detect possible common modes of action. Some evidence suggest that MF and heat can act as costressors inducing a kind of thermotolerance in cell cultures and in organisms. The MF exposure might produce a potentiated or synergistic biological response such as an increase in HSPs expression, in combination with a well-defined stress, and in turn exert beneficial effects during certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Scarfi
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
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