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El Chemali L, Boutary S, Liu S, Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Bahrenberg G, Rupprecht R, Schumacher M, Massaad-Massade L. GRT-X Stimulates Dorsal Root Ganglia Axonal Growth in Culture via TSPO and Kv7.2/3 Potassium Channel Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7327. [PMID: 39000434 PMCID: PMC11242890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
GRT-X, which targets both the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) and the Kv7.2/3 (KCNQ2/3) potassium channels, has been shown to efficiently promote recovery from cervical spine injury. In the present work, we investigate the role of GRT-X and its two targets in the axonal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Neurite outgrowth was quantified in DRG explant cultures prepared from wild-type C57BL6/J and TSPO-KO mice. TSPO was pharmacologically targeted with the agonist XBD173 and the Kv7 channels with the activator ICA-27243 and the inhibitor XE991. GRT-X efficiently stimulated DRG axonal growth at 4 and 8 days after its single administration. XBD173 also promoted axonal elongation, but only after 8 days and its repeated administration. In contrast, both ICA27243 and XE991 tended to decrease axonal elongation. In dissociated DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures, GRT-X upregulated the expression of genes associated with axonal growth and myelination. In the TSPO-KO DRG cultures, the stimulatory effect of GRT-X on axonal growth was completely lost. However, GRT-X and XBD173 activated neuronal and Schwann cell gene expression after TSPO knockout, indicating the presence of additional targets warranting further investigation. These findings uncover a key role of the dual mode of action of GRT-X in the axonal elongation of DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa El Chemali
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Song Liu
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Global Preclinical R&D, Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schumacher
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Liliane Massaad-Massade
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Ronchi G, Fregnan F, Muratori L, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Morphological Methods to Evaluate Peripheral Nerve Fiber Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1818. [PMID: 36768142 PMCID: PMC9915436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves remains one of the main challenges of neurosurgery and regenerative medicine, a nerve functionality is rarely restored, especially after severe injuries. Researchers are constantly looking for innovative strategies for tackling this problem, with the development of advanced tissue-engineered nerve conduits and new pharmacological and physical interventions, with the aim of improving patients' life quality. Different evaluation methods can be used to study the effectiveness of a new treatment, including functional tests, morphological assessment of regenerated nerve fibers and biomolecular analyses of key factors necessary for good regeneration. The number and diversity of protocols and methods, as well as the availability of innovative technologies which are used to assess nerve regeneration after experimental interventions, often makes it difficult to compare results obtained in different labs. The purpose of the current review is to describe the main morphological approaches used to evaluate the degree of nerve fiber regeneration in terms of their usefulness and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
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3
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Raza C, Riaz HA, Anjum R, Shakeel NUA. Repair strategies for injured peripheral nerve: Review. Life Sci 2020; 243:117308. [PMID: 31954163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compromised functional regains in about half of the patients following surgical nerve repair pose a serious socioeconomic burden to the society. Although surgical strategies such as end-to-end neurorrhaphy, nerve grafting and nerve transfer are widely applied in distal injuries leading to optimal recovery; however in proximal nerve defects functional outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Biomedical engineering approaches unite the efforts of the surgeons, engineers and biologists to develop regeneration facilitating structures such as extracellular matrix based supportive polymers and tubular nerve guidance channels. Such polymeric structures provide neurotrophic support from injured nerve stumps, retard the fibrous tissue infiltration and guide regenerating axons to appropriate targets. The development and application of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to treat nerve gap injuries offer clinically relevant and feasible solutions. Enhanced understanding of the nerve regeneration processes and advances in NGCs design, polymers and fabrication strategies have led to developing modern NGCs with superior regeneration-conducive capacities. Current review focuses on the advances in surgical and engineering approaches to treat peripheral nerve injuries. We suggest the incorporation of endothelial cell growth promoting cues and factors into the NGC interior for its possible enhancement effects on the axonal regeneration process that may result in substantial functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Hasib Aamir Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rabia Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Stößel M, Wildhagen VM, Helmecke O, Metzen J, Pfund CB, Freier T, Haastert-Talini K. Comparative Evaluation of Chitosan Nerve Guides with Regular or Increased Bendability for Acute and Delayed Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Comprehensive Comparison with Autologous Nerve Grafts and Muscle-in-Vein Grafts. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1697-1713. [PMID: 29740965 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of joint-crossing digital nerves requires the application of nerve guides with a much higher flexibility than used for peripheral nerve repair along larger bones. Nevertheless, collapse-resistance should be preserved to avoid secondary damage to the regrowing nerve tissue. In recent years, we presented chitosan nerve guides (CNGs) to be highly supportive for the regeneration of critical gap length peripheral nerve defects in the rat. Now, we evidently increased the bendability of regular CNGs (regCNGs) by developing a wavy wall structure, that is, corrugated CNGs (corrCNGs). In a comprehensive in vivo study, we compared both types of CNGs with clinical gold standard autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) and muscle-in-vein grafts (MVGs) that have recently been highlighted in the literature as a suitable alternative to ANGs. We reconstructed rat sciatic nerves over a critical gap length of 15 mm either immediately upon transection or after a delay period of 45 days. Electrodiagnostic measurements were applied to monitor functional motor recovery at 60, 90, 120, and 150 (only delayed repair) days postreconstruction. Upon explanation, tube properties were analyzed. Furthermore, distal nerve ends were evaluated using histomorphometry, while connective tissue specimens were subjected to immunohistological stainings. After 120 days (acute repair) or 150 days (delayed repair), respectively, compression-stability of regCNGs was slightly increased while it remained stable in corrCNGs. In both substudies, regCNGs and corrCNGs supported functional recovery of distal plantar muscles in a similar way and to a greater extent when compared with MVGs, while ANGs demonstrated the best support of regeneration. Anat Rec, 301:1697-1713, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stößel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, 30559, Germany
| | - Vivien M Wildhagen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Olaf Helmecke
- Medovent GmbH, Friedrich-Koenig-Str. 3, Mainz, 55129, Germany
| | - Jennifer Metzen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Charlotte B Pfund
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Thomas Freier
- Medovent GmbH, Friedrich-Koenig-Str. 3, Mainz, 55129, Germany
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, 30559, Germany
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Masgutov R, Masgutova G, Mukhametova L, Garanina E, Arkhipova SS, Zakirova E, Mukhamedshina YO, Margarita Z, Gilazieva Z, Syromiatnikova V, Mullakhmetova A, Kadyrova G, Nigmetzyanova M, Mikhail S, Igor P, Yagudin R, Rizvanov A. Allogenic Adipose Derived Stem Cells Transplantation Improved Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats: Autologous Nerve Graft Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:86. [PMID: 29559908 PMCID: PMC5845725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on posttraumatic sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. We suggested an approach to rat sciatic nerve reconstruction using the nerve from the other leg as a graft. The comparison was that of a critical 10 mm nerve defect repaired by means of autologous nerve grafting versus an identical lesion on the contralateral side. In this experimental model, the same animal acts simultaneously as a test model, and control. Regeneration of the left nerve was enhanced by the use of ADSCs, whereas the right nerve healed under natural conditions. Thus the effects of individual differences were excluded and a result closer to clinical practice obtained. We observed significant destructive changes in the sciatic nerve tissue after surgery which resulted in the formation of combined contractures in knee and ankle joints of both limbs and neurotrophic ulcers only on the right limb. The stimulation of regeneration by ADSCs increased the survival of spinal L5 ganglia neurons by 26.4%, improved sciatic nerve vascularization by 35.68% and increased the number of myelin fibers in the distal nerve by 41.87%. Moreover, we have demonstrated that S100, PMP2, and PMP22 gene expression levels are suppressed in response to trauma as compared to intact animals. We have shown that ADSC-based therapy contributes to significant improvement in the regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Masgutov
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
| | - Galina Masgutova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liliya Mukhametova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Arkhipova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Zakirova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana O Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zhuravleva Margarita
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zarema Gilazieva
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriia Syromiatnikova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Adelya Mullakhmetova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gulnaz Kadyrova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mariya Nigmetzyanova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Pankov Igor
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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