1
|
Agarwal D, Dash N, Mazo KW, Chopra M, Avila MP, Patel A, Wong RM, Jia C, Do H, Cheng J, Chiang C, Jurlina SL, Roshan M, Perry MW, Rho JM, Broyer R, Lee CD, Weinreb RN, Gavrilovici C, Oesch NW, Welsbie DS, Wahlin KJ. Human retinal ganglion cell neurons generated by synchronous BMP inhibition and transcription factor mediated reprogramming. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:55. [PMID: 37773257 PMCID: PMC10541876 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die. Cell transplantation and endogenous regeneration offer strategies for retinal repair, however, developmental programs required for this to succeed are incompletely understood. To address this, we explored cellular reprogramming with transcription factor (TF) regulators of RGC development which were integrated into human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as inducible gene cassettes. When the pioneer factor NEUROG2 was combined with RGC-expressed TFs (ATOH7, ISL1, and POU4F2) some conversion was observed and when pre-patterned by BMP inhibition, RGC-like induced neurons (RGC-iNs) were generated with high efficiency in just under a week. These exhibited transcriptional profiles that were reminiscent of RGCs and exhibited electrophysiological properties, including AMPA-mediated synaptic transmission. Additionally, we demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors of DLK/LZK and GCK-IV can block neuronal death in two pharmacological axon injury models. Combining developmental patterning with RGC-specific TFs thus provided valuable insight into strategies for cell replacement and neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devansh Agarwal
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Dash
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin W Mazo
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manan Chopra
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria P Avila
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amit Patel
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M Wong
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cairang Jia
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hope Do
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colette Chiang
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawna L Jurlina
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mona Roshan
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Perry
- Department of Biological Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jong M Rho
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Risa Broyer
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassidy D Lee
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas W Oesch
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Derek S Welsbie
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kramer AC, Carthage J, Berry Y, Gurdziel K, Cook TA, Thummel R. A comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in chronic and acute models of photoreceptor degeneration in adult zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233269. [PMID: 37745292 PMCID: PMC10512720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult zebrafish are capable of photoreceptor (PR) regeneration following acute phototoxic lesion (AL). We developed a chronic low light (CLL) exposure model that more accurately reflects chronic PR degeneration observed in many human retinal diseases. Methods: Here, we characterize the morphological and transcriptomic changes associated with acute and chronic models of PR degeneration at 8 time-points over a 28-day window using immunohistochemistry and 3'mRNA-seq. Results: We first observed a differential sensitivity of rod and cone PRs to CLL. Next, we found no evidence for Müller glia (MG) gliosis or regenerative cell-cycle re-entry in the CLL model, which is in contrast to the robust gliosis and proliferative response from resident MG in the AL model. Differential responses of microglia between the models was also observed. Transcriptomic comparisons between the models revealed gene-specific networks of PR regeneration and degeneration, including genes that are activated under conditions of chronic PR stress. Finally, we showed that CLL is at least partially reversible, allowing for rod and cone outer segment outgrowth and replacement of rod cell nuclei via an apparent upregulation of the existing rod neurogenesis mechanism. Discussion: Collectively, these data provide a direct comparison of the morphological and transcriptomic PR degeneration and regeneration models in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Justin Carthage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yasmeen Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Genomic Sciences Core, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany A. Cook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ryan Thummel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu J, Xu H, Song K, Lin Z, Cao L, Lu B, Chen Y, Zhang S. Sox11b regulates the migration and fate determination of Müller glia-derived progenitors during retina regeneration in zebrafish. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:445-450. [PMID: 35900444 PMCID: PMC9396499 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox11 plays important roles in retinal neurogenesis during vertebrate eye development. However, its function in retina regeneration remains elusive. Here we report that Sox11b, a zebrafish Sox11 homolog, regulates the migration and fate determination of Müller glia-derived progenitors (MGPCs) in an adult zebrafish model of mechanical retinal injury. Following a stab injury, the expression of Sox11b was induced in proliferating MGPCs in the retina. Sox11b knockdown did not affect MGPC formation at 4 days post-injury, although the nuclear morphology and subsequent radial migration of MGPCs were altered. At 7 days post-injury, Sox11b knockdown resulted in an increased proportion of MGPCs in the inner retina and a decreased proportion of MGPCs in the outer nuclear layer, compared with controls. Furthermore, Sox11b knockdown led to reduced photoreceptor regeneration, while it increased the numbers of newborn amacrines and retinal ganglion cells. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Sox11b regulated the expression of Notch signaling components in the retina, and Notch inhibition partially recapitulated the Sox11b knockdown phenotype, indicating that Notch signaling functions downstream of Sox11b. Our findings imply that Sox11b plays key roles in MGPC migration and fate determination during retina regeneration in zebrafish, which may have critical implications for future explorations of retinal repair in mammals.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang KC. Influence of Sox protein SUMOylation on neural development and regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:477-481. [PMID: 34380874 PMCID: PMC8504373 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-related HMG-box (Sox) transcription factors are known to regulate central nervous system development and are involved in several neurological diseases. Post-translational modification of Sox proteins is known to alter their functions in the central nervous system. Among the different types of post-translational modification, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification of Sox proteins has been shown to modify their transcriptional activity. Here, we review the mechanisms of three Sox proteins in neuronal development and disease, along with their transcriptional changes under SUMOylation. Across three species, lysine is the conserved residue for SUMOylation. In Drosophila, SUMOylation of SoxN plays a repressive role in transcriptional activity, which impairs central nervous system development. However, deSUMOylation of SoxE and Sox11 plays neuroprotective roles, which promote neural crest precursor formation in Xenopus and retinal ganglion cell differentiation as well as axon regeneration in the rodent. We further discuss a potential translational therapy by SUMO site modification using AAV gene transduction and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 technology. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of Sox SUMOylation, especially in the rodent system, may provide a therapeutic strategy to address issues associated with neuronal development and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
E2F1-Induced lncRNA BAIAP2-AS1 Overexpression Contributes to the Malignant Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via miR-361-3p/SOX4 Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6256369. [PMID: 34616498 PMCID: PMC8487846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, plenty of researches have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as crucial roles during the progression of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we measured the expression of lncRNA BAIAP2 antisense RNA 1(BAIAP2-AS1) as well as its contribution to the developments of HCC. In this study, the expressions of BAIAP2-AS1 and SOX4 were distinctly upregulated in HCC cells and tissues, and high BAIAP2-AS1 may be a novel biomarker for HCC. E2F1 activated BAIAP2-AS1 expression. The silence of BAIAP2-AS1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HepG2 and PLC5 cells. Assays for relationship verification showed that BAIAP2-AS1 regulated the expression of SOX4 and miR-361-3p. Rescue experiments further confirmed the positive interaction between miR-361-3p and BAIAP2-AS1 as well as between miR-361-3p and SOX4. Overall, BAIAP2-AS1 modulated the miR-361-3p/SOX4 axis to promote the development of HCC. Thus, our study offers a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ogawa K, Asano K, Yotsumoto S, Yamane T, Arita M, Hayashi Y, Harada H, Makino-Okamura C, Fukuyama H, Kondo K, Yamasoba T, Tanaka M. Frontline Science: Conversion of neutrophils into atypical Ly6G + SiglecF + immune cells with neurosupportive potential in olfactory neuroepithelium. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:481-496. [PMID: 32725843 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1hi0620-190rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are generally considered as short-lived, homogenous, and terminally differentiated phagocytes that play crucial roles in conquering infection, although they occasionally cause severe collateral tissue damage or chronic inflammation. Recent reports have indicated that neutrophils also play a protective role in inflammation resolution and tissue repair. However, how terminally differentiated neutrophils have diverse functions remains unclear. Here, we show that neutrophils undergo conversion into Ly6G+ SiglecF+ double-positive cells expressing neurosupportive genes in the olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) under an inflammatory state. Through comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of murine nose, we identified Ly6G+ SiglecF+ double-positive cells that reside only in the OE under steady-state conditions. Double-positive cells were neutrophil-derived cells and increased by more than 10-fold during inflammation or tissue injury. We found that neutrophils infiltrate into the nose to express proinflammatory genes in the acute phase of inflammatory state, and they gradually change their surface markers and gene expression, expressing some neurogenesis-related genes in addition to inflammation related genes in the later phase. As the OE is known to have exceptionally high regeneration capacity as a nervous system, these findings suggest that neutrophils have the potential to contribute neurogenesis after conversion in peripheral nervous tissues, providing a challenge on a classic view of neutrophils as terminally differentiated leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ogawa
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yotsumoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamane
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Makino-Okamura
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Posttranslational Modification of Sox11 Regulates RGC Survival and Axon Regeneration. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0358-20.2020. [PMID: 33441400 PMCID: PMC7890524 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0358-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of adult CNS neurons to survive and regenerate their axons after injury or in neurodegenerative disease remains a major target for basic and clinical neuroscience. Recent data demonstrated in the adult mouse that exogenous expression of Sry-related high-mobility-box 11 (Sox11) promotes optic nerve regeneration after optic nerve injury but exacerbates the death of a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), α-RGCs. During development, Sox11 is required for RGC differentiation from retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and we found that mutation of a single residue to prevent SUMOylation at lysine 91 (K91) increased Sox11 nuclear localization and RGC differentiation in vitro. Here, we explored whether this Sox11 manipulation similarly has stronger effects on RGC survival and optic nerve regeneration. In vitro, we found that non-SUMOylatable Sox11K91A leads to RGC death and suppresses axon outgrowth in primary neurons. We furthermore found that Sox11K91A more strongly promotes axon regeneration but also increases RGC death after optic nerve injury in vivo in the adult mouse. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data showed that Sox11 and Sox11K91A increase the expression of key signaling pathway genes associated with axon growth and regeneration but downregulated Spp1 and Opn4 expression in RGC cultures, consistent with negatively regulating the survival of α-RGCs and ipRGCs. Thus, Sox11 and its SUMOylation site at K91 regulate gene expression, survival and axon growth in RGCs, and may be explored further as potential regenerative therapies for optic neuropathy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Snyder ME, Finlayson MO, Connors TJ, Dogra P, Senda T, Bush E, Carpenter D, Marboe C, Benvenuto L, Shah L, Robbins H, Hook JL, Sykes M, D'Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Sonett JR, Lederer DJ, Arcasoy S, Sims PA, Farber DL. Generation and persistence of human tissue-resident memory T cells in lung transplantation. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/33/eaav5581. [PMID: 30850393 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) maintain immunity in diverse sites as determined in mouse models, whereas their establishment and role in human tissues have been difficult to assess. Here, we investigated human lung TRM generation, maintenance, and function in airway samples obtained longitudinally from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate lung transplant recipients, where donor and recipient T cells could be localized and tracked over time. Donor T cells persist specifically in the lungs (and not blood) of transplant recipients and express high levels of TRM signature markers including CD69, CD103, and CD49a, whereas lung-infiltrating recipient T cells gradually acquire TRM phenotypes over months in vivo. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of airway T cells reveals that donor T cells comprise two TRM-like subsets with varying levels of expression of TRM-associated genes, whereas recipient T cells comprised non-TRM and similar TRM-like subpopulations, suggesting de novo TRM generation. Transplant recipients exhibiting higher frequencies of persisting donor TRM experienced fewer adverse clinical events such as primary graft dysfunction and acute cellular rejection compared with recipients with low donor TRM persistence, suggesting that monitoring TRM dynamics could be clinically informative. Together, our results provide spatial and temporal insights into how human TRM develop, function, persist, and affect tissue integrity within the complexities of lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael O Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erin Bush
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dustin Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luke Benvenuto
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lori Shah
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hilary Robbins
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime L Hook
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua R Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David J Lederer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shimizu J, Suzuki T, Hirotsu C, Ueno H, Takada E, Arimitsu N, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Suzuki N. Interaction between SDF1 and CXCR4 Promotes Photoreceptor Differentiation via Upregulation of NFκB Pathway Signaling Activity in Pax6 Gene-Transfected Photoreceptor Precursors. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:392-403. [PMID: 31935734 DOI: 10.1159/000503929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL2 (also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and CX3CR1 (also known as Fractalkine receptor)-deficient mice have damaged photoreceptors. OBJECTIVES We examined the interaction of SDF1 and CXCR4 on the differentiation of retinal progenitors into rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors. METHODS Cloned retinal progenitors were obtained by Pax6 gene transfection of mouse iPS cells followed by serial dilution. Clones were selected by expression of nestin, Musashi1, Six3, and Chx10 mRNA. Cell surface protein expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of mRNA and intracellular protein were examined by real-time PCR and immunochemistry, respectively. Transient transfection experiments of retinal progenitors were conducted using a human rhodopsin promoter luciferase plasmid. RESULTS We selected 10 clones that expressed Six3, Chx10, Crx, Rx1, Nrl, CD73, and rhodopsin mRNA, which, except for rhodopsin, are photoreceptor precursor markers. Clones expressed both CD73 and CXCR4 on the cell surface and differentiated into rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors, which was reinforced by the addition of exogenous SDF1. A CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 blocked SDF1-mediated differentiation of progenitors into photoreceptors. SDF1 enhanced human rhodopsin promoter transcription activity, possibly via the NFκB pathway. Addition of SDF1 to the cell culture induced nuclear translocation of NFκB on retinal progenitor cell clones. Neonatal and newborn mouse retinas expressed SDF1 and CXCR4. Cells in the outer nuclear layer where photoreceptors are located expressed CXCR4 at P14 and P56. Cells in the inner nuclear layer expressed SDF1. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that retinal progenitor cell differentiation was at least partly regulated by SDF1 and CXCR4 via upregulation of NFκB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shimizu
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueno
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sueshige Wakisaka
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan, .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Tenerelli K, Wu S, Xia X, Yokota S, Sun C, Galvao J, Venugopalan P, Li C, Madaan A, Goldberg JL, Chang KC. Cell transplantation of retinal ganglion cells derived from hESCs. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 38:131-140. [PMID: 31815704 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, the number one cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which do not regenerate in humans or mammals after cell death. Cell transplantation provides an opportunity to restore vision in glaucoma, or other optic neuropathies. Since transplanting primary RGCs from deceased donor tissues may not be feasible, stem cell-derived RGCs could provide a plausible alternative source of donor cells for transplant. OBJECTIVE We define a robust chemically defined protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into RGC-like neurons. METHODS Human embryonic stem cell lines (H7-A81 and H9) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) were used for RGC differentiation. RGC immaturity was measured by calcium imaging against muscimol. Cell markers were detected by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. RGC-like cells were intravitreally injected to rat eye, and co-stained with RBPMS and human nuclei markers. All experiments were conducted at least three times independently. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test with P value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS We detected retinal progenitor markers Rx and Pax6 after 15 days of differentiation, and the expression of markers for RGC-specific differentiation (Brn3a and Brn3b), maturation (synaptophysin) and neurite growth (β-III-Tubulin) after an additional 15 days. We further examined the physiologic differentiation of these hESC-derived RGC-like progeny to those differentiated in vitro from primary rodent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) with calcium imaging, and found that both populations demonstrate the immature RGC-like response to muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist. By one week after transplant to the adult rat eye by intravitreal injection, the human RGC-like cells successfully migrated into the ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provides a novel, short, and cost-effective approach for RGC differentiation from hESCs, and may broaden the scope for cell replacement therapy in RGC-related optic neuropathies such as glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Tenerelli
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suqian Wu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joana Galvao
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Chenyi Li
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang KC, Sun C, Cameron EG, Madaan A, Wu S, Xia X, Zhang X, Tenerelli K, Nahmou M, Knasel CM, Russano KR, Hertz J, Goldberg JL. Opposing Effects of Growth and Differentiation Factors in Cell-Fate Specification. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1963-1975.e5. [PMID: 31155355 PMCID: PMC6581615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Following ocular trauma or in diseases such as glaucoma, irreversible vision loss is due to the death of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons. Although strategies to replace these lost cells include stem cell replacement therapy, few differentiated stem cells turn into RGC-like neurons. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of RGC differentiation in vivo may improve outcomes of cell transplantation by directing the fate of undifferentiated cells toward mature RGCs. Here, we report a new mechanism by which growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a ligand in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, strongly promotes RGC differentiation in the developing retina in vivo in rodent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This effect is in direct contrast to the closely related ligand GDF-11, which suppresses RGC-fate specification. We find these opposing effects are due in part to GDF-15's ability to specifically suppress Smad-2, but not Smad-1, signaling induced by GDF-11, which can be recapitulated by pharmacologic or genetic blockade of Smad-2 in vivo to increase RGC specification. No other retinal cell types were affected by GDF-11 knockout, but a slight reduction in photoreceptor cells was observed by GDF-15 knockout in the developing retina in vivo. These data define a novel regulatory mechanism of GDFs' opposing effects and their relevance in RGC differentiation and suggest a potential approach for advancing ESC-to-RGC cell-based replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Catalina Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Evan G Cameron
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Suqian Wu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Eye, Ear, Nose, & Throat Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin Tenerelli
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Nahmou
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cara M Knasel
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristina R Russano
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jonathan Hertz
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Li M, Yu X, Yang Y, Liu J, Liao S, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang D, Chen Y, Shi G, Liu B, Lu Y, Li X. SRY-Box Containing Gene 4 Promotes Liver Steatosis by Upregulation of SREBP-1c. Diabetes 2018; 67:2227-2238. [PMID: 30181160 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is usually associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that is characterized by accumulation of excessive triglyceride (TG) in hepatocytes. However, the factors involved in the obesity-induced hepatosteatosis are poorly defined. Here, we report that SRY-box containing gene 4 (Sox4), a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, plays an important role in hepatic TG metabolism. Sox4 expression levels are markedly upregulated in livers of obese rodents and humans. Adenovirus-medicated overexpression of Sox4 in the livers of lean mice promotes liver steatosis, whereas liver-specific knockdown of Sox4 ameliorates TG accumulation and improves insulin resistance in obese mice. At the molecular level, we show that Sox4 could directly control the transcription of SREBP-1c gene through binding to its proximal promoter region. Thus, we have identified Sox4 as an important component of hepatic TG metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Shengjie Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Duanzhuo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|