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Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Lyakhovich A, Tiano L, Fittipaldi MR, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M. Aging-Related Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Critical Review for Prospect Mitoprotective Strategies Based on Mitochondrial Nutrient Mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197060. [PMID: 32992778 PMCID: PMC7582285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of aging-related disorders (ARD) have been related to oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) in a well-established body of literature. Most studies focused on cardiovascular disorders (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and neurodegenerative disorders. Counteracting OS and MDF has been envisaged to improve the clinical management of ARD, and major roles have been assigned to three mitochondrial cofactors, also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), i.e., α-lipoic acid (ALA), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and carnitine (CARN). These cofactors exert essential–and distinct—roles in mitochondrial machineries, along with strong antioxidant properties. Clinical trials have mostly relied on the use of only one MN to ARD-affected patients as, e.g., in the case of CoQ10 in CVD, or of ALA in T2D, possibly with the addition of other antioxidants. Only a few clinical and pre-clinical studies reported on the administration of two MNs, with beneficial outcomes, while no available studies reported on the combined administration of three MNs. Based on the literature also from pre-clinical studies, the present review is to recommend the design of clinical trials based on combinations of the three MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, E-08035 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, I-60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosa Fittipaldi
- Internal Medicine Unit, San Francesco d’Assisi Hospital, I-84020 Oliveto Citra (SA), Italy;
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
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Preventive Effects of Neuroprotective Agents in a Neonatal Rat of Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103703. [PMID: 32456353 PMCID: PMC7279317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal ischemic stroke has a higher incidence than childhood stroke. Seizures are the first sign for the need for clinical assessment in neonates, but many questions remain regarding treatments and follow-up modalities. In the absence of a known pathophysiological mechanism, only supportive care is currently provided. Stroke-induced microglia activation and neuroinflammation are believed to play a central role in the pathological progression of neonatal ischemic stroke. We induced a photothrombotic infarction with Rose Bengal in neonatal rats to investigate the effects of pre- and post-treatment with Aspirin (ASA), Clopidogrel (Clop), and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which are known for their neuroprotective effects in adult stroke. Pre-stroke medication ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury and reduces infarct volume by reducing microglia activation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cytokine release. Post-stroke administration of ASA, Clop, and CoQ10 increased motor function and reduced the volume of infarction, and the statistical evidence was stronger than that seen in the pre-stroke treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that ASA, Clop, and CoQ10 treatment before and after the stroke reduced the scope of stroke lesions and increased behavioral activity. It suggests that ASA, Clop, and CoQ10 medication could significantly have neuroprotective effects in the neonates who have suffered strokes.
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Fernández-Vega B, Nicieza J, Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, García M, Fernández-Vega C, Vega JA, González-Iglesias H. The Use of Vitamins and Coenzyme Q10 for the Treatment of Vascular Occlusion Diseases Affecting the Retina. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030723. [PMID: 32182869 PMCID: PMC7146323 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation with antioxidants and vitamins is widely recommended in the treatment of vascular disorders affecting the retina, although there is insufficient evidence on its effectiveness. The vitamin-like compound coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a nutritional supplement of current interest to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report a retrospective clinical case series study of 48 patients diagnosed with retinal vascular diseases, including non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), and homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia following stroke, treated with oral supplementation with CoQ10 (100 mg per day) and vitamins. Patient follow-up was performed using the Humphrey field analyzer and 30-2 testing algorithm to determine the visual field index (VFI) and progression rates. All treated patients showed positive VFI progression rates per year: +11.5 ± 15% for NAION patients (n = 18), +22 ± 17% for RAO patients (n = 7), +9.3 ± 10.5% for hemianopia/quadrantanopia patients (n = 10), and +11 ± 21% for patients with other conditions (n = 13). The interruption of CoQ10 supplementation in one patient resulted in a pronounced decrease of the VFI, which was partially recovered when treatment was restored. This study supports the role of CoQ10 as a nutritional therapeutic agent for vascular diseases affecting the retina. Owing to decreased VFI after interruption of CoQ10, its beneficial effects may be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.F.-V.); (H.G.-I.); Tel.: +34-985-240-141 (B.F.-V. & H.G.-I.)
| | - Javier Nicieza
- Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Los Prados, 395, 33394 Gijón, Spain;
| | - Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
| | - Carlos Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
| | - José A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Calle Magdalena Vicuña 1281, 8900000 Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (C.F.-V.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.-V.); (H.G.-I.); Tel.: +34-985-240-141 (B.F.-V. & H.G.-I.)
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