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Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Huang J, Chen L, Yao ZM, Sun XR, Tong XH, Dong SY. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114671. [PMID: 37037094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. More than 80 % of strokes are ischemic, caused by an occlusion of cerebral arteries. Without question, restoration of blood supply as soon as possible is the first therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless paradoxically, reperfusion can further aggravate the injury through a series of reactions known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Mitochondria play a vital role in promoting nerve survival and neurological function recovery and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the characteristics of CIRI. Neurons often die due to oxidative stress and an imbalance in energy metabolism following CIRI, and there is a strong association with mitochondrial dysfunction. Altered mitochondrial dynamics is the first reaction of mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the maintenance of the integrity, distribution, and size of mitochondria as well as their ability to resist external stimuli through a continuous cycle of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Therefore, improving mitochondrial dynamics is a vital means of treating CIRI. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondria and CIRI and emphasizes improving mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China.
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Liu L, Chen D, Zhou Z, Yuan J, Chen Y, Sun M, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Chen J, Zhao L. Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138128. [PMID: 37033646 PMCID: PMC10073505 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been a prominent focus of scientific investigation owing to its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, and difficulties in treatment. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and are involved in neuronal death following ischemic stroke. Hence, maintaining mitochondrial function is critical for neuronal survival and neurological improvement in ischemic stroke, and mitochondria are key therapeutic targets in cerebral stroke research. With the benefits of high efficacy, low cost, and high safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has great advantages in preventing and treating ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have explored the effect of TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial structure and function. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we summarized the current advances in TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria. We aimed to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for TCM in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
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Lin MW, Fang SY, Hsu JYC, Huang CY, Lee PH, Huang CC, Chen HF, Lam CF, Lee JS. Mitochondrial Transplantation Attenuates Neural Damage and Improves Locomotor Function After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:800883. [PMID: 35495036 PMCID: PMC9039257 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.800883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of secondary neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal death in spinal cord injury (SCI). Even though mitochondria-based therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for SCI, the efficacy of transplantation of allogeneic mitochondria in the treatment of SCI remains unclear. Herein, we determined the therapeutic effects of mitochondrial transplantation in the traumatic SCI rats. Compressive SCI was induced by applying an aneurysm clip on the T10 spinal cord of rats. A 100-μg bolus of soleus-derived allogeneic mitochondria labeled with fluorescent tracker was transplanted into the injured spinal cords. The results showed that the transplanted mitochondria were detectable in the injured spinal cord up to 28 days after treatment. The rats which received mitochondrial transplantation exhibited better recovery of locomotor and sensory functions than those who did not. Both the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and severity of demyelination in the injured cord were reduced in the mitochondrial transplanted groups. Mitochondrial transplantation also alleviated SCI-induced cellular apoptosis and inflammation responses. These findings suggest that transplantation of allogeneic mitochondria at the early stage of SCI reduces mitochondrial fragmentation, neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, and generation of oxidative stress, thus leading to improved functional recovery following traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu C. Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lee
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jung-Shun Lee,
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Luo YN, Tian H, Mei ZG, Feng ZT, Yang SB, Fu XY, Huang YG. Acupuncture for experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a systematic review of methodology and reporting quality. Acupunct Med 2021; 39:646-655. [PMID: 34049448 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211009533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical research is essential to the advancement of science but susceptible to insufficient reporting and methodological shortcomings, which compromise internal validity. We aimed to systematically assess the methodological and reporting quality of studies conducted on acupuncture for experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). METHODS A comprehensive search in six databases was performed for animal research concerning acupuncture for CIRI. Two authors independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed the methodological and reporting quality of identified articles using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool, and Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline, respectively. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were identified. Only 1 article (4%) achieved a decent overall rating in using SYRCLE (percentage of items with "low risk" ⩾50%). Of the 22 items on the SYRCLE tool, only 8 items (37%) were rated as "low risk" of bias in more than 50% of the included studies. Of the 39 items of ARRIVE, 20 (51%) items were rated as "low risk" in more than 50% of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS The methodological and reporting quality of included studies was generally low, which demands further improvement. These findings should inform the development of evidence-based guidelines for future preclinical research assessing the effect of acupuncture on CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Luo
- The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Huan Tian
- The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Song-Bai Yang
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xian-Yun Fu
- The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ya-Guang Huang
- The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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The Therapeutic Effect of Electroacupuncture Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6415083. [PMID: 33293991 PMCID: PMC7718040 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6415083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation is a supplementary therapy and commonly applied in treatment of ischemic stroke in clinic. Stroke is an important cause of long-term disability in individuals in both developing and developed countries. In our review, we show the application of EA stimulation for apoplectic pain, limbs spasticity, blood flow interruption, depression, swallowing dysfunction, aphasia, urinary incontinence, cognition and memory impairment, and constipation following stroke in patients and the related mechanisms in animals. The effectiveness of EA involves with acupoints, intensity, intervals, and duration of intervention for treatment of stroke. The combination of EA and common rehabilitation treatment may exert better effect compared with EA alone. In summary, EA might provide a potential treatment strategy for treating apoplectic patients in clinic.
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Electroacupuncture Pretreatment against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7486041. [PMID: 32963572 PMCID: PMC7499311 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7486041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce the mitophagy of neurons in the ischemic brain. Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its internal mechanism still needs to be further studied. The present study's purpose is to investigate whether mitophagy is involved in neuroprotection elicited by EA pretreatment in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The rats were pretreated with vehicle, EA at the Baihui (GV20) and Shuigou (GV26) acupoints 30 min daily, for 5 days consecutively prior to the focal cerebral ischemia injury induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Compared to the sham group, the neurological scores, infarction volume, number of autophagosomes, FUNDC1, p62, and the ratio of LC3-II/I were significantly increased but mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy-related protein p-mTORC1 significantly decreased in the I/R group. However, EA pretreatment significantly reversed these trends. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that EA pretreatment protected the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury which maybe correlated with mitophagy.
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Yang L, Ma YM, Shen XL, Fan YC, Zhang JZ, Li PA, Jing L. The Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Selenium Reduced Hyperglycemia-Aggravated Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1888-1901. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu G, Men Y, Tong X, Wang X, Hu M, Jiang M, Sun Z, Dong S. [Role of mitochondrial fusion and fission in protective effects of dexmedetomidine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:463-468. [PMID: 32895131 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and its relation with mitochondrial fusion and fission. METHODS Male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, I/R group, I/R+DEX group and I/R+DEX+dorsomorphin group. Mouse models of cerebral I/R injury were established by modified thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. DEX (50 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before cerebral ischemia, which lasted for 1 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The neurobehavioral deficits of the mice were evaluated based on Longa's scores. The volume of cerebral infarction was detected by TTC staining. The changes in mitochondrial morphology of the brain cells were observed with transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), mitochondrial fusion protein (Mfn2) and mitochondrial fission protein (p-Drp1) in the brain tissues. RESULTS DEX pretreatment significantly reduced the neurobehavioral score and the percent volume of cerebral infarction in mice with cerebral I/R injury. Treatment with dorsomorphin (an AMPK inhibitor) in addition to DEX significantly increased the neurobehavioral score and the percent volume of cerebral infarction in the mouse models. Transmission electron microscopy showed that DEX obviously reduced mitochondrial damage caused by cerebral I/R injury and restored mitochondrial morphology of the brain cells, and such effects were abolished by dorsomorphin treatment. Western blotting showed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of p-AMPK and Mfn2 protein and decreased the expression of p-Drp1 protein in the brain tissue of the mice, and these changes were also reversed by dorsomorphin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning with DEX produces protective effects against cerebral I/R injury in mice possibly by activating AMPK signaling to regulate mitochondrial fusion and fission in the brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yunzheng Men
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xuhui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mujun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- Grade 2018, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shuying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Tang YN, Zhang GF, Chen HL, Sun XP, Qin WW, Shi F, Sun LX, Xu XN, Wang MS. Selective brain hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with Fis1 inhibition. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:903-911. [PMID: 31719256 PMCID: PMC6990783 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective brain hypothermia is considered an effective treatment for neuronal injury after stroke, and avoids the complications of general hypothermia. However, the mechanisms by which selective brain hypothermia affects mitochondrial fission remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of selective brain hypothermia on the expression of fission 1 (Fis1) protein, a key factor in the mitochondrial fission system, during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the sham group, the carotid arteries were exposed only. In the other three groups, middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed using the intraluminal filament technique. After 2 hours of occlusion, the filament was slowly removed to allow blood reperfusion in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Saline, at 4°C and 37°C, were perfused through the carotid artery in the hypothermia and normothermia groups, respectively, followed by restoration of blood flow. Neurological function was assessed with the Zea Longa 5-point scoring method. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Fis1 and cytosolic cytochrome c levels were assessed by western blot assay. Fis1 mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the sham group, apoptosis, Fis1 protein and mRNA expression and cytosolic cytochrome c levels in the cortical ischemic penumbra and cerebral infarct volume were increased after reperfusion in the other three groups. These changes caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were inhibited in the hypothermia group compared with the normothermia group. These findings show that selective brain hypothermia inhibits Fis1 expression and reduces apoptosis, thereby ameliorating focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Experiments were authorized by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital of China (approval No. 2019008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Na Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Huang YG, Tao W, Yang SB, Wang JF, Mei ZG, Feng ZT. Autophagy: novel insights into therapeutic target of electroacupuncture against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:954-961. [PMID: 30761999 PMCID: PMC6404501 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture is known as an effective adjuvant therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Studies suggest that autophagy, which is essential for cell survival and cell death, is involved in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and might be modulate by electroacupuncture therapy in key ways. This paper aims to provide novel insights into a therapeutic target of electroacupuncture against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of autophagy. Here we review recent studies on electroacupuncture regulation of autophagy-related markers such as UNC-51-like kinase-1 complex, Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3, p62, and autophagosomes for treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results of these studies show that electroacupuncture may affect the initiation of autophagy, vesicle nucleation, expansion and maturation of autophagosomes, as well as fusion and degradation of autophagolysosomes. Moreover, studies indicate that electroacupuncture probably modulates autophagy by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. This review thus indicates that autophagy is a therapeutic target of electroacupuncture treatment against ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Huang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Song-Bai Yang
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Mei
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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