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Fu L, Duan H, Cai Y, Chen X, Zou B, Yuan L, Liu G. Moxibustion ameliorates osteoarthritis by regulating gut microbiota via impacting cAMP-related signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116031. [PMID: 38113621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent progressive disorder. Moxibustion has found widespread use in clinical practice for OA, while its underlying mechanism remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether moxibustion can ameliorate OA by influencing the metabolic processes in OA and to elucidate the specific metabolic mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/6J WT mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the SHAM group, the ACLT group, and the ACLT+M group. In the ACLT+M group, mice underwent moxibustion treatment at acupoints Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) for a continuous period of 28 days, with each session lasting 20 min. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to assess the impact of moxibustion on OA, focusing on pathological changes, intestinal flora composition, and serum metabolites. RESULTS Moxibustion treatment effectively mitigated OA-related pathological changes. Specifically, moxibustion treatment resulted in the amelioration of articular cartilage damage, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone sclerosis when compared to the ACLT group. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that moxibustion treatment positively influenced the composition of the flora, making it more similar to that of the SHAM group. Notably, moxibustion treatment led to a reduction in the abundance of Ruminococcus and Proteobacteria in the intestine. In addition, non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 254 significantly different metabolites between the groups. Based on KEGG pathway analysis and the observed impact of moxibustion on OA-related inflammation, moxibustion therapy is closely associated with the cAMP-related signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can relieve OA by regulating intestinal flora and via impacting cAMP-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yisi Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Zhang J, Cai W, Wei X, Shi Y, Zhang K, Hu C, Wan J, Luo K, Shen W. Moxibustion ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating ferroptosis in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:779-788. [PMID: 37417429 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Moxibustion is an effective treatment for the clinical management of acute cerebral infarction. However, its exact mechanism of action is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of moxibustion on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was used to construct a CIRI rat model, all animals were randomly divided into four groups including sham operation group, MCAO/R group (MCAO/R), moxibustion therapy + MCAO/R (Moxi) and ferrostatin-1 + MCAO/R (Fer-1) group. In the Moxi group, moxibustion treatment was initiated 24 h after modeling, once a day for 30 mins each time for 7 days. Moreover, the Fer-1 group received intraperitoneal injections of Fer-1 12 h after modeling, once a day for a total of 7 days. The results showed that moxibustion could reduce nerve function damage and neuronal death. Additionally, moxibustion could reduce the production of lipid peroxides such as lipid peroxide, malondialchehyche and ACSL4 to regulate lipid metabolism, promote the production of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 and reduce the expression of hepcidin by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factor interleukin-6, therefore, downregulating the expression of SLC40A1, reducing the iron level in the cerebral cortex, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibiting ferroptosis. Based on our studies, it can be concluded that moxibustion has the ability to inhibit ferroptosis of nerve cells post CIRI and plays a protective role in the brain. This protective role can be attributed to the regulation of iron metabolism of nerve cells, reduction of iron deposition in the hippocampus and lowering the level of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingRuo Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiaxing Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wa Cai
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifang Wei
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Shi
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Research Center, Jiaxing Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaitao Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiaxing Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Min YJ, Yao HH, Wang L, Cheng LH, Hong ES. Comparison and effect of moxibustion and acupuncture on Nogo/NgR signaling pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:430-440. [PMID: 37693099 PMCID: PMC10491986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim In China, acupuncture and moxibustion have been used effectively to treat various diseases for thousands of years. However, the evidence for a difference in the efficacies of moxibustion and acupuncture in cerebral infarction treatment is scarce. We aimed to compare the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment on the Nogo/NgR signaling pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Experimental procedure Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, based on treatment received: sham surgery (sham group), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, MCAO group), MCAO and NEP(1-40) inhibitor injection (MCAO + block group), MCAO and moxibustion (MCAO + moxi group), and MCAO and minimal acupuncture (MCAO + MA group). Neurological status was evaluated before treatment, and cerebral infarction volume (IV) and neurological function; Nogo-A, NgR, p75NTR, and LINGO-1 expressions; and NgR and LINGO-1 co-expression were assessed after treatment. Results and conclusion After treatment, barring Nogo-A mRNA and protein expression in the MCAO + block group, the Longa score and IV significantly decreased; Nogo-A, NgR, p75NTR, and LINGO-1 mRNA and protein expressions as well as NgR and LINGO-1 co-expression significantly decreased in cerebral tissues; whereas the BWT score increased (P < 0.01) in the MCAO + moxi group, compared with the MCAO group. Except for NgR and LINGO-1 protein expressions, there were no significant differences in the abovementioned parameters between rats that underwent acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupuncture and moxibustion have similar effects on Nogo/NgR signaling pathway inhibition after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-jiang Min
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai-hua Yao
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-hong Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - En-si Hong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Luo H, Gong R, Zheng R, Tan J, Chen R, Wu J, Ma T. Dose-effect of long-snake-like moxibustion for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2023; 21:430. [PMID: 37400824 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dose-effect relationship of Long-snake-like moxibustion for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains poorly understood. In order to address this gap, we designed this trial to assess the association between different treatment duration of Long-snake-like moxibustion and its effects on CFS based on the combination measurements of the subjective patient-reported scales with objective medical infrared imaging technology─Thermal Texture Maps (TTM). METHODS From December 2020 to January 2022, 60 female CFS patients were recruited and equally allocated to two groups: Group A, receiving 60-min Long-snake-like moxibustion per treatment, and Group B, receiving 30-min Long-snake-like moxibustion per treatment. The treatment was administered 3 times per week for a total of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was defined as the improvement of symptoms measured by the Fatigue scale-14 (FS-14), and secondary outcomes were designated as the improvement in Symptoms Scale of Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency, Self-rating depression scale, and Self-rating anxiety scale. TTM scanning was employed twice for CFS patients (before and after 4-week treatment) and once for Healthy control subjects (HCs). RESULTS At week 4, the scores of FS-14 and Symptoms Scale of Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (physical fatigue: 5.00 vs. 6.00, with 95%CI - 2.00 to 0.00, p = 0.003; FS-14 total score: 8.00 vs. 9.00, with 95%CI - 3.00 to 0.00, p = 0.012; total score of Symptoms Scale of Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency: 9.80 vs. 13.07, with 95%CI - 5.78 to - 0.76, P = 0.012). All thermal radiation values of the two groups increased, and statistical differences in ΔTs between Group A and HCs were not obtained. More significant correlations between symptoms improvements and ΔT changes were observed in Group A, and its ΔT changes in Upper Jiao, Shenque (CV8), Zhongwan (CV12), Danzhong (CV17), Zhiyang (GV9), Dazhui (GV14), upper arm, thoracic segments, lumbar segments, renal region, popliteal fossa strongly correlated with the improvement of Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In the same course of treatment, the positive dose-effect relationship was found between the treatment duration of Long-snake-like moxibustion and CFS effect assessment. 60-min Long-snake-like moxibustion per treatment were associated with optimal clinical response and TTM improvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (No. ChiCTR2000041000, date of registration: 16 December 2020), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rui Gong
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Center of Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Center of Preventive Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Center of Preventive Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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A Comparison Study of the Effect on IBS-D Rats among Ginger-Partitioned Moxibustion, Mild Moxibustion, and Laser Moxibustion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4296216. [PMID: 34840586 PMCID: PMC8612783 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4296216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that severely affects patients' life. Moxibustion is believed to be an effective way to treat IBS-D. However, the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms in symptom management of IBS-D by different moxibustion therapies remain unclear. Methods IBS-D model rats were divided into groups and treated with ginger-partitioned moxibustion (GPM), mild moxibustion (MM), and laser moxibustion (LM) at a temperature of 43°C, respectively. The temperature curves of acupoints were recorded during interventions. The therapeutic effects were evaluated on the basis of general condition, stool, and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the colon tissue. Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in both acupoint tissue and colon tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results After moxibustion treatment, the symptoms were improved. The expression of TRPV1 was increased in acupoint tissue and decreased in colon tissue. GPM and MM showed a more significant influence on IBS-D rats compared with LM. The temperature profile of GPM and MM was wave-like, while LM had an almost stable temperature curve. Conclusion GPM, MM, and LM could improve the symptoms in IBS-D rats. Moxibustion might activate TRPV1 channels in the acupoint tissue and induce acupoint functions, which in turn inhibit the pathological activation state of the colon's TRPV1, followed by improvements in abdominal pain and diarrheal symptoms. LM with stable temperature might lead to the desensitization of TRPV1 receptors and the tolerance of acupoint. GPM and MM provided dynamic and repetitive thermal stimulations that perhaps induced acupoint sensitization to increase efficacy. Therefore, dynamic and repetitive thermal stimulation is recommended in the application of moxibustion.
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Neuroprotective Effect of Moxibustion on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Downregulating NR2B Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5370214. [PMID: 34733340 PMCID: PMC8560262 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5370214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a common and frequently occurring disease of the central nervous system, which is characterized by high mortality and a high disability rate. Moxibustion is a common method for treating stroke in traditional Chinese medicine, but its neuroprotective mechanism is unknown. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2B (NR2B) plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of moxibustion on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury based on NR2B. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, I/R group, I/R + moxibustion group, I/R + Ro25-6981 (NR2B antagonist) group, and I/R + Ro25-6981 + moxibustion group. The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Before the establishment of the model, the Ro25-6981 group received intraperitoneal injections of Ro25-6981, the moxibustion group received moxibustion, and the Ro25-6981 + moxibustion group received both interventions. The neurological dysfunction was evaluated by a neurological deficiency score (NDS). The infarct volume was examined by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining. The apoptosis rate of cerebral cells in the ischemic area was examined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining, and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 was observed by western blot. NR2B and JNK were also observed by western blot. Results Compared with the I/R group, moxibustion significantly decreased the neurological deficiency score (P < 0.05) and the infarct rate (P < 0.01) in I/R rats which were similar to those in the Ro25-6981 group. After moxibustion treatment, there was a significant decrease in the apoptosis rate (P < 0.001) and the protein expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, and JNK (P < 0.001) and an increase in the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). Compared with the I/R group, moxibustion downregulated the expression of NR2B and decreased the activity of NR2B in the cerebral ischemia area (P < 0.001). Conclusions Moxibustion can improve neurological dysfunction and decrease infarction area and neuronal apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Its neuroprotective mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression of NR2B.
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Role of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway in the protective effect of remote ischemia preconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Neuroreport 2019; 30:664-670. [PMID: 30969244 PMCID: PMC6530975 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemia preconditioning (RIPC) is a convenient and effective method for alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, to date, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this research was to explore the protective mechanism of RIPC on the brain after CIRI. Four groups of rats were included in this experiment: the sham group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, the RIPC group, and the AG490 group. As an inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), AG490 was used after MCAO in the AG490 group to explore the role of JAK2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) after CIRI. Brain tissue was collected for evaluation after 2 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. ELISA for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, western blot for phosphorylated-JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3, the neurological severity score and Longa scoring system for neurological deficit evaluation, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining for cerebral infarction, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining for apoptotic cells in the brain tissue were performed. Neurological function in the RIPC group was notably better than that in the MCAO group. There were smaller infarction sizes and fewer apoptotic cells in the ischemic area in the RIPC group than in the MCAO group. In the RIPC group, the expression levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and phosphorylated-JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3 were significantly lower than those in the MCAO group. The findings in the RIPC and AG490 groups were similar. The inflammatory response and apoptosis are two important processes involved in brain dysfunction after CIRI. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway has an underlying relationship with these two processes. These findings suggest that RIPC can alleviate the damage to brain tissue by CIRI by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway negatively.
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Long-Term Potentiation of Prelimbic Cortex Ascribed to Heat-Sensitization Responses of Moxibustion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9465181. [PMID: 31428178 PMCID: PMC6683778 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9465181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat-sensitization responses occurred in certain patients while exposed to suspended moxibustion. The response often indicated that the efficacy of moxibustion to those with it tended to triumph over those without. However, its mechanism remains to be explained. Our previous fMRI and EEG studies confirmed the changes of activities in cerebral certain regions accompanied with heat-sensitization responses, especially in prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we hypothesize that neurological system is involved in moxibustion-induced heat-sensitization responses. In the present study, phosphorylation of Cofilin representing long-term potentiation in synapse of prelimbic cortex of medial prefrontal cortex in stroke rats over suspended moxibustion was assessed, and the size of phosphorylated Cofilin positive spine in synapse was also measured. The result showed that heat-sensitization responses were observed to augment cerebral ischemic stroke-induced phosphorylation of Cofilin in prelimbic cortex of rats and increase the numbers of large synapses. This indicated that long-term potentiation of prelimbic cortex was attributed to heat-sensitization responses that were certain neurological responses of medial prefrontal cortex to suspended moxibustion.
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Understanding Acupoint Sensitization: A Narrative Review on Phenomena, Potential Mechanism, and Clinical Application. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6064358. [PMID: 31485246 PMCID: PMC6710800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6064358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of traditional Chinese medicine, acupoints are considered a dynamic functional area, which can reflect the internal condition of the body. When the body is suffering from disease or injury, corresponding acupoints are believed to be activated and manifest in several sensitized forms, including expansion of the receptive field, pain sensitization, and heat sensitization. Such phenomena are believed to gradually disappear concomitantly with recovery from the disease. Acupoint states are therefore changeable according to health status, a phenomenon known as acupoint sensitization. This review aims to provide an overview of acupoint sensitization based on existing research results and determine priorities for future research. Systematic literature retrieval was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED from inception to 18 July 2018. Current evidence from research findings to date indicate that acupoint sensitization is based on neurogenic inflammation and that stimulation of sensitized acupoints presents a potential trend of generating a better clinical effect when compared with stimulation of unsensitized points.
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Li J, Hu X, Liang F, Liu J, Zhou H, Liu J, Wang H, Tang H. Therapeutic effects of moxibustion simultaneously targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1167-1182. [PMID: 31209719 PMCID: PMC6882806 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Moxibustion is the main alternative medicine treatment that has been beneficial to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common complication secondary to diabetic microvascular injury. However, the underlying protective mechanism of moxibustion against neuroinflammation remains unclear. We hypothesized that moxibustion treats DPN by regulating the balance of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-nuclear factor-kappa light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-кB). In vivo, diabetes was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg; i.p.). Moxibustion was then applied to “Zusanli” (ST 36), “Guanyuan” (BL 26), and “Yishu” (EX-B 3) acupuncture points. Nerve conduction was detected. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB and Nrf2 proteins were examined through immunoblot analysis. The mRNA of NF-κB and Nrf2 was evaluated through RT-PCR. We found that the conduction velocity and amplitude of the action potentials of sciatic nerve conduction were reduced in the DPN model group but were rescued by moxibustion treatment. Moxibustion also improved the effect of DPN on other parameters, including ultrastructural changes, NF-κB and Nrf2 expression in the sciatic nerve, and serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Our data suggested that moxibustion may alleviate neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and by activating Nrf2. Moxibustion may also provide therapeutic effects for patients with DPN by simultaneously targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Huanjiao Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jiaoping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Hongtu Tang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China.
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Wang H, Wei W, Lan X, Liu N, Li Y, Ma H, Sun T, Peng X, Zhuang C, Yu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Swertiamain on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inducing the Nrf2 Protective Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2276-2286. [PMID: 30753053 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). Targeting oxidative stress is proposed to be an effective strategy to treat cerebral I/R injury. Gentiana macrophylla Pall is reported to have a potential protective effect against stroke. Swertiamarin (Swe), an active secoiridoid glycoside compound isolated from Gentiana macrophylla Pall, has been reported to possess antioxidative potential. This study is to explore whether Swe could prevent brain from I/R injury, and the related mechanisms of oxidative stress are also elucidated using mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and primary hippocampal neurons oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model. Swe (25, 100, or 400 mg/kg) was pretreated intraperitoneally for 7 days until establishment of the MCAO model, while hippocampal neurons were maintained in Swe (0.1, 1, or 10 μM) in the entire process of reoxygenation. The results indicated that Swe pretreatment markedly decreased infarct volume, apoptotic neurons, and oxidative damage and promoted neurologic recovery in vivo. It also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased cell viability in vitro. Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Swe pretreatment promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation from Keap1-Nrf2 complex and enhanced the expressions of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) both in vivo and in vitro, while the expressions could be reversed by a Nrf2 inhibitor. The binding mode of Keap1 with Swe was also proposed by covalent molecular docking. Collectively, Swe could be considered as a promising protective agent against cerebral I/R injury through suppressing oxidative stress by activation of the Nrf2 protective pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Chen G, Huang C, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Qi X, Shi P, Li D, Lv H, Zhang B. Efficacy and safety of grain moxibustion in hemiplegia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15215. [PMID: 31027068 PMCID: PMC6831348 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing morbidity of stroke brings enormous social and economic pressure to the countries. Hemiplegia is the common sequela of stroke patients, which affects their physical activities and daily life, and its optimal treatment is still an urgent problem. In Asian countries, moxibustion therapy is widely combined with rehabilitation in poststroke hemiplegia. Among them, grain moxibustion, due to its concentration on stimulating the acupoints and deep heat penetration, can promote neurorehabilitation after stroke. Therefore, based on the current literatures, the effectiveness and safety of grain moxibustion were systematically evaluated to provide possible alternative therapy for the rehabilitation of hemiplegia. METHODS Studies search for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that use grain moxibustion as the sole treatment for hemiplegia and their data extraction will be done by two researchers. Mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) with fixed or random effect model in terms of 95% confidence interval (CI) will be adopted for the data synthesis. To evaluate the risk of bias, the Cochrane's risk of bias assessment tool will be utilized. The sensitivity or subgroup analysis will also be conducted when meeting high heterogeneity (I > 50%). RESULTS This meta-analysis will provide an authentic synthesis of the grain moxibustion's effect for hemiplegia. CONCLUSION The findings of the review offer updated evidence and identify whether grain moxibustion can be an effective treatment for hemiplegia. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD 42018117765.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunyun Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Peiyu Shi
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Huiye Lv
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of acupuncture and moxibustion, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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