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Ivleva IS, Ivlev AP, Pestereva NS, Tyutyunnik TV, Karpenko MN. Protective effect of calpain inhibitors against manganese-induced toxicity in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1003-1013. [PMID: 35089484 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of manganism is a major complication of manganese exposure in which neurological dysfunction is linked to accumulation of metal in the brain. Current therapies do not prevent progression of the disease. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic strategies for treatment of manganism is of utmost importance. Since the hyperactivation of calpain family proteases in CNS during manganism in an animal model is observed, we assumed that inhibition of calpains can suppress the development of Mn-induced neurological disturbances. The goal of this study is to delineate protective effect and the mechanism of neuroprotection of calpain inhibitor in rat model of Mn-induced neurological symptoms. Using the Gait analysis test, we found that chronic intranasal administration of the calpain inhibitor Cast (184-210) (peptide, which is corresponding to the 184-210 amino acid of the endogenous inhibitor of calpains-human calpastatin) to Mn-treated rats contributed to a significant decrease in the severity of gait disorders, although it did not lead to a decrease in the Mn deposition in the striatum and hippocampus. Accordingly to the results of PCR-RT, this effect was accompanied by a partial reduction in the content of neuro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB mRNA in the hippocampus and, additionally, IBA-1 mRNA in the striatum), as well as normalization of the content of dopamine and its metabolites in the hippocampus and striatum, which was assessed by HPLC. In striatum cells, the application of Cast (184-210) also led to a significant increase in the production of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was analyzed by immunoblotting method. These findings suggest that calpain inhibitors may be a valid therapeutic agent in manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ivleva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Ivlev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Tyutyunnik
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Han Y, Cai X, Pan M, Gong J, Cai W, Lu D, Xu C. MicroRNA-21-5p acts via the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway to prevent cardiomyocyte injury caused by high glucose/high fat conditions. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:230. [PMID: 35222707 PMCID: PMC8815051 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play important roles in cardiovascular disease. miR-21-5p is known to be involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte injury under high glucose and high fat (HG-HF) conditions, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, a cardiomyocyte cell line, H9c2, was treated with 33 mM glucose and 250 µM sodium palmitate for 24, 48, and 72 h to produce HG-HF injury. After treatment, miR-21-5p expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A miR-21-5p mimic was then constructed and transfected into the cells and the potential molecular mechanism was investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8, TUNEL, flow cytometry and western blot assays. Expression of miR-21-5p was significantly downregulated by HG-HF treatment of H9c2 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. In subsequent experiments, cells were treated for an intermediate period (48 h). Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly inhibited H9c2 proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while these effects were significantly reduced in the miR-21-5p mimic. Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly increased reactive oxygen species, while miR-21-5p mimic significantly reduced this effect. Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and phosphorylated (p)-Akt and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, p-PTEN, and p-FOXO3a, while overexpression of miR-21-5p significantly reduced these effects. The results revealed that miR-21-5p inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells induced by HG-HF, likely through the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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Pang YQ, Yang J, Jia CM, Zhang R, Pang Q. Hypoxic preconditioning reduces NLRP3 inflammasome expression and protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:395-400. [PMID: 34269215 PMCID: PMC8464000 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning can protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate this effect are not completely clear. In this study, mice were pretreated with continuous, intermittent hypoxic preconditioning; 1 hour later, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models were generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Compared with control mice, mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury showed increased Bederson neurological function scores, significantly increased cerebral infarction volume, obvious pathological damage to the hippocampus, significantly increased apoptosis; upregulated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 levels in brain tissue; and increased expression levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), NLRP inflammasome-related protein caspase-1, and gasdermin D. However, hypoxic preconditioning significantly inhibited the above phenomena. Taken together, these data suggest that hypoxic preconditioning mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome expression. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Baotou, China (approval No. DWLL2019001) in November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qiang Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun-Mei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Experimental Vascular Dementia Mice by Promoting GPR30 Expression. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:2412220. [PMID: 34899899 PMCID: PMC8664545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2412220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the potential roles of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER, also known as GPR30) in the preventive effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against cognitive impairment and hippocampal cell apoptosis in experimental vascular dementia (VD) in mice. The effects of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) on GPR30 expression at mRNA level were evaluated. Thereafter, the BCAS mouse model was utilized to evaluate the protection of Rg1 (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg, 14 days, ip). Spatial memory was evaluated by water Morris Maze 7 days post BCAS. After behavioral tests, neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and potential mechanisms were determined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that GPR30 expression in the hippocampal region at mRNA level was promoted 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h following BCAS. Ginsenoside Rg1 (1 or 10 mg/kg, 14 days, ip) promoted GPR30 expression in the hippocampus of model mice (after behavioral tests) but did not alter GPR30 expression in the hippocampus of control mice. Moreover, treatment of ginsenoside Rg1 (10 mg/kg) or G1 (5 μg/kg), a GPR30 agonist, prevented BCAS-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss and apoptosis and promoted the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax expression in the hippocampus (after behavioral tests). On the contrary, G15 (185 μg/kg), an antagonist of GPR30, aggravated BCAS-induced hippocampal neuronal loss and apoptosis. Finally, drug-target molecular docking pointed that Rg1 had a lower binding energy with GPR30 compared with Bax and Bcl-2. Together, our data implicate that ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in VD mice, likely through promoting GPR30 expression. These results would provide important implications for the application of Rg1 in the treatment of VD.
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Song Z, Bian Z, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhu A, Zhu G. Astrocytic Kir4.1 regulates NMDAR/calpain signaling axis in lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115711. [PMID: 34474083 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome propagates pro-inflammatory signaling cascades linking to depression-like behaviors. However, the signaling pathway contributing to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and depression-like behaviors is still not clear. In this study, we evidenced that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (i.p.) triggered depression-like behaviors, promoted the expression of Kir4.1, p-GluN2B and calpain-1, and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. The blockage of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) by memantine reduced LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, NLRP3 inflammasome and astrocyte activation, and calpain-1 expression. Additionally, memantine also inhibited LPS-induced reduction of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and Arc expression. Specific reduction of Kir4.1 in astrocytes attenuated LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 and calpain-1, and phosphorylation of GluN2B. Interestingly, LPS-induced expression of calpain-1 largely co-localized with GFAP, indicating the specific function of calpain-1 in astrocytes. Together, these data indicate that astrocytic Kir4.1 could regulate NMDAR/calpain-1 signaling axis, contributing to depression-like behaviors, likely through regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujin Song
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhijuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
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Zhang Z, Song Z, Shen F, Xie P, Wang J, Zhu AS, Zhu G. Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents PTSD-Like Behaviors in Mice Through Promoting Synaptic Proteins, Reducing Kir4.1 and TNF-α in the Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1550-1563. [PMID: 33215390 PMCID: PMC7676862 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is efficient to prevent or treat mental disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are still not known. In this study, single-prolonged stress (SPS) regime, as well as injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was used to produce PTSD-like behaviors in C57 mice, and the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/d, ip, for 14 days) on PTSD-like behaviors were evaluated. Our results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 promoted fear extinction and prevented depression-like behaviors in both LPS and SPS models. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated LPS- or SPS-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), activation of astrocytes and microglia, and reduction of hippocampal synaptic proteins (PSD95, Arc, and GluA1). Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduced the increase of hippocampal Kir4.1 and GluN2A induced by PTSD regime. Importantly, reducing hippocampal astroglial Kir4.1 expression promoted fear extinction and improved depression-like behaviors in LPS-treated mice. Additionally, intracerebroventricular injection of TNF-α caused an impairment of fear extinction and promoted Kir4.1 expression in the hippocampus. Together, our study reveals novel protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against PTSD-like behaviors in mice, likely via promoting synaptic proteins, reducing Kir4.1 and TNF-α in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Zhujin Song
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fengming Shen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Ai-Song Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, 230038, China.
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Wu J, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Li S, Zhang X. Effects of lumican expression on the apoptosis of scleral fibroblasts: In vivo and in vitro experiments. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:495. [PMID: 33791004 PMCID: PMC8005674 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumican serves an important role in the maintenance of sclera biomechanical properties. However, whether lumican expression is altered in myopia and the mechanisms of action involved are unknown. In the present study, the expression of lumican in cultured scleral fibroblasts and in the scleral tissue of a rat model of form-deprivation myopia was assessed. It was confirmed that diopter was decreased, whereas axial length was increased in modeled eyes relative to normal control eyes, indicating that the model of myopia was successfully established. These pathologic changes were accompanied by the upregulation of lumican and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2, as well as the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-14. The same trends in TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-14 expression were observed when lumican was overexpressed in cultured scleral fibroblasts. Additionally, cell proliferation decreased whereas apoptosis increased compared with those of control cells. Inhibiting lumican expression had no effect on cell proliferation or apoptosis, but stimulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 while decreasing that of TIMP-2. The results suggested that lumican overexpression contributed to myopia by promoting apoptosis in scleral fibroblasts via the modulation of TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Li
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
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Zhan YA, Qiu XL, Wang XZ, Zhao N, Qian KJ. Reducing LncRNA-5657 expression inhibits the brain inflammatory reaction in septic rats. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1288-1293. [PMID: 33318407 PMCID: PMC8284287 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary study found that the long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)-5657 can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors during inflammatory reactions in rat glial cells. However, the role played by LncRNA-5657 during septic brain injury remains unclear. In the present study, rat models of septic encephalopathy were established by cecal ligation and puncture, and then the rats were treated with a hippocampal injection small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against LncRNA-5657 (sh-LnCRNA-5657). The sh-LncRNA-5657 treatment reduced the level of neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the rat hippocampus, reduced the immunoreactivities of aquaporin 4, heparanase, and metallopeptidase-9, and lowered the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glial cells were pre-treated with sh-LncRNA-5657 and then treated with 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide. Sh-LncRNA-5657 transfection decreased the expression of LncRNA-5657 in lipopolysaccharide-treated glial cells and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. These findings suggested that LncRNA-5657 expression can significantly reduce the inflammatory reaction during septic encephalopathy and induce protective effects against this disease. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University of China (approval No. 2017-004) in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Liang Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xingguo County People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu-Zhen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Jian Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Guo Q, Li B, Bao C, Li Y, Cao Y, Wang C, Wu W. Bletilla striata
Polysaccharides Improve Hemostatic, Antiinflammatory Efficacy, and Platelet Aggregation in Gingivitis Rat Model. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Bailei Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Chunling Bao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Yixia Li
- Nanjing Baiyun Chemical Environmental Monitoring Co., Ltd. Jiangsu 210047 China
| | - Yuling Cao
- Department of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
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Song Z, Shen F, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhu G. Calpain inhibition ameliorates depression-like behaviors by reducing inflammation and promoting synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pan T, Zhu QJ, Xu LX, Ding X, Li JQ, Sun B, Hua J, Feng X. Knocking down TRPM2 expression reduces cell injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PC12 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2154-2161. [PMID: 32394974 PMCID: PMC7716023 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is an important ion channel that represents a potential target for treating injury caused by cerebral ischemia. However, it is unclear whether reducing TRPM2 expression can help repair cerebral injury, and if so what the mechanism underlying this process involves. This study investigated the protective effect of reducing TRPM2 expression on pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). PC12 cells were transfected with plasmid encoding TRPM2 shRNAS, then subjected to OGD by incubation in glucose-free medium under hypoxic conditions for 8 hours, after which the cells were allowed to reoxygenate for 24 hours. Apoptotic cells, mitochondrial membrane potentials, reactive oxygen species levels, and cellular calcium levels were detected using flow cytometry. The relative expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NALP3), and caspase-1 were detected using fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The rates of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potentials, reactive oxygen species levels, and cellular calcium levels in the TRPM2-shRNA + OGD group were lower than those observed in the OGD group. Taken together, these results suggest that TRPM2 knockdown reduces OGD-induced neuronal injury, potentially by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing oxidative stress levels, mitochondrial membrane potentials, intracellular calcium concentrations, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu-Jiao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Qin Li
- Blood Section, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Huang S. Effects of thymosin β4 on neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4186-4192. [PMID: 31545437 PMCID: PMC6797993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on neuronal apoptosis in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO I/R) injury, and determine the mechanisms involved in this process. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=16 per group): A sham control group, an ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), and a Tβ4 group. The focal cerebral I/R model was established by blocking the right MCA for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The Zea-Longa method was used to assess neurological deficits. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and pathological changes were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 (CASP12) protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting 24 h after reperfusion. Infarct volume and neuronal damage in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly greater than those observed in the sham group. The Zea-Longa score, neuronal apoptosis, and expression of GRP78, CHOP, and CASP12 in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly higher than those reported in the sham group. However, the Longa score and neuronal apoptosis were lower in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The expression of GRP78 was significantly increased, whereas that of CHOP and CASP12 was significantly decreased in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The present data revealed that Tβ4 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by upregulating GRP78 and downregulating CHOP and CASP12, thereby reducing cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Sichun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
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