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Bhandari UR, Danish SM, Ahmad S, Ikram M, Nadaf A, Hasan N, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. New opportunities for antioxidants in amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024:111961. [PMID: 38960099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the critical role of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress, a common denominator in an array of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress-induced damage has been linked to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article examines a wide range of scientific literature and methodically delineates the several methods by which antioxidants exercise their neuroprotective benefits. It also explores into the complex relationship between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, focusing on how antioxidants can alter signaling pathways and transcription factors to slow neurodegenerative processes. Key antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, glutathione, and polyphenolic compounds, are tested for their ability to combat reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The dual character of antioxidants, which operate as both direct free radical scavengers and regulators of cellular redox homeostasis, is investigated in terms of therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the study focuses on new antioxidant-based therapy techniques and their mechanisms including Nrf-2, PCG1α, Thioredoxin etc., which range from dietary interventions to targeted antioxidant molecules. Insights into ongoing clinical studies evaluating antioxidant therapies in neurodegenerative illnesses offer an insight into the translational potential of antioxidant research. Finally, this review summarizes our present understanding of antioxidant processes in neurodegenerative illnesses, providing important possibilities for future study and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Raj Bhandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Syed Mohammad Danish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Shadaan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
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Javid H, Rahimian R, Salimi M, Haghani-Samani E, Farhadi M, Torkaman-Boutorabi A. Fumaria vaillantii extract protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:768. [PMID: 38884894 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Various mechanisms are involved in the incidence of the disease including oxidative stress. Several herbs and natural products may interfere with the oxidative-stress pathway due to their antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE Herein, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of F. vaillantii extract on Parkinson's in vitro and in vivo model owing to the presence of the bioactive agents with antioxidant properties. METHODS In vitro experments showed that 6-hydroxydopamine could induce toxicity in PC12 cells. The impact of F. vaillantii extract on cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Nuclear morphological changes were qualitatively evaluated employing Hoechst staining. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by ROS and lipid peroxidation assays. Tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression was measured by western blotting in PC12 cells. For in vivo study, movement parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated that 75 µΜ of 6-OHDA induced 50% toxicity in PC12 cells for 24 h. Following post-treatment with F. vaillantii extract (0.1 mg/ml) for 72 h, we observed that the extract effectively prevented cell toxicity induced by 6-OHDA and reduced the apoptotic cell population. Furthermore, the extract attenuated the ROS level, lipid peroxidation and increased protein expression of TH after 72 h of treatment. In addition, oral administration of 300 mg/kg of F. vaillantii extract for 14 days improved locomotor activity, catalepsy, bradykinesia, motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA- induced Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in male rats. CONCLUSION The present study suggests a protective role for the extract of F. vaillantii against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in the PC12 cells exposed to neurotoxin 6-OHDA which was verified in in vivo model by reducing the motor defects induced by 6-OHDA. This extract could be a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Javid
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 88, Italya Street, Vesaal Shirazi Avenue, Keshavars Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Rahimian
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Misha Salimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Haghani-Samani
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 88, Italya Street, Vesaal Shirazi Avenue, Keshavars Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Anahita Torkaman-Boutorabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 88, Italya Street, Vesaal Shirazi Avenue, Keshavars Boulevard, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu S, Shang X, Guo M, Su L, Wang J. Exosomes in the Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Review. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:387. [PMID: 38927267 PMCID: PMC11200774 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-150 nm small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which are highly stable and encapsulated by a phospholipid bilayer. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, RNAs (mRNAs, microRNAs/miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs/lncRNAs), and DNA of their parent cell. In pathological conditions, the composition of exosomes is altered, making exosomes a potential source of biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is an advantage for using exosomes in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neuropsychiatric diseases belong to the CNS diseases, and many potential diagnostic markers have been identified for neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we review the potential diagnostic markers of exosomes in neuropsychiatric diseases and discuss the potential application of exosomal biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis of these diseases. Additionally, we outline the limitations and future directions of exosomes in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinmiao Shang
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lei Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Zhao X, Yang C, Chen X, Sun Y, Liu W, Ge Q, Yang J. Characteristic fingerprint spectrum of α-synuclein mutants on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Biophys J 2024; 123:1264-1273. [PMID: 38615192 PMCID: PMC11140463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein encoded by the SNCA gene, is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Point mutations and multiplications of α-synuclein (A30P and A53T) are correlated with early-onset Parkinson's disease characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Currently, the clinical identification of SNCA variants, especially disease-related A30P and A53T mutants, remains challenging and also time consuming. This study aimed to develop a novel label-free detection method for distinguishing the SNCA mutants using transmission terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The protein was spin-coated onto the quartz to form a thin film, which was measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of THz broadband pulse waves of α-synuclein protein variants (SNCA wild type, A30P, and A53T) at different frequencies were analyzed via Fourier transform. The amplitude A intensity (AWT, AA30P, and AA53T) and peak occurrence time in THz time-domain spectroscopy sensitively distinguished the three protein variants. The phase φ difference in THz frequency domain followed the trend of φWT > φA30P > φA53T. There was a significant difference in THz frequency amplitude A' corresponding to the frequency ranging from 0.4 to 0.66 THz (A'A53T > A'A30P > A'WT). At a frequency of 0.4-0.6 THz, the transmission T of THz waves distinguished three variants (TA53T > TA30P > TWT), whereas there was no difference in the transmission T at 0.66 THz. The SNCA wild-type protein and two mutant variants (A30P and A53T) had distinct characteristic fingerprint spectra on THz time-domain spectroscopy. This novel label-free detection method has great potential for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Mallamaci R, Musarò D, Greco M, Caponio A, Castellani S, Munir A, Guerra L, Damato M, Fracchiolla G, Coppola C, Cardone RA, Rashidi M, Tardugno R, Sergio S, Trapani A, Maffia M. Dopamine- and Grape-Seed-Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Interaction Studies between Particles and Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:1774. [PMID: 38675592 PMCID: PMC11051794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, primarily associated with dopaminergic neuron depletion in the Substantia Nigra. Current treatment focuses on compensating for dopamine (DA) deficiency, but the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses challenges for effective drug delivery. Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, we investigated the co-administration of DA and the antioxidant Grape Seed Extract (GSE) to study the cytobiocompability, the cytoprotection against the neurotoxin Rotenone, and their antioxidant effects. For this purpose, two solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations, DA-co-GSE-SLNs and GSE-ads-DA-SLNs, were synthesized. Such SLNs showed mean particle sizes in the range of 187-297 nm, zeta potential values in the range of -4.1--9.7 mV, and DA association efficiencies ranging from 35 to 82%, according to the formulation examined. The results showed that DA/GSE-SLNs did not alter cell viability and had a cytoprotective effect against Rotenone-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. In addition, this study also focused on the evaluation of Alpha-synuclein (aS) levels; SLNs showed the potential to modulate the Rotenone-mediated increase in aS levels. In conclusion, our study investigated the potential of SLNs as a delivery system for addressing PD, also representing a promising approach for enhanced delivery of pharmaceutical and antioxidant molecules across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Debora Musarò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonello Caponio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy or (A.C.); (G.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Anas Munir
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Marina Damato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy or (A.C.); (G.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Chiara Coppola
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Mehdi Rashidi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy or (A.C.); (G.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Sara Sergio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy or (A.C.); (G.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Słowikowski B, Owecki W, Jeske J, Jezierski M, Draguła M, Goutor U, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Epigenetics and the neurodegenerative process. Epigenomics 2024; 16:473-491. [PMID: 38511224 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are multifactorial, genetic and environmental. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity and emotional state are epigenetic factors. Environmental markers are responsible for epigenetic modifications. The effect of epigenetic changes is increased inflammation of the nervous system and neuronal damage. In recent years, it has been shown that epigenetic changes may cause an increased risk of neurological disorders but, currently, the relationship between epigenetic modifications and neurodegeneration remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge about neurological disorders caused by epigenetic changes in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy. Advances in epigenetic techniques may be key to understanding the epigenetics of central changes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Owecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jan Jeske
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Jezierski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Draguła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair & Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
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Dhiman S, Mannan A, Taneja A, Mohan M, Singh TG. Sirtuin dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: Implications of acetylation and deacetylation processes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122537. [PMID: 38428569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor function and is caused by a gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia pars compacta (Snpc) region. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, which results in impaired cellular functions and neuronal degeneration. However, the role of sirtuins, a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has recently been investigated. Sirtuins are essential for preserving cellular homeostasis because they control a number of biological processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair. This review shed lights on the dysregulation of sirtuin activity in PD, highlighting the role that acetylation and deacetylation processes play in the development of the disease. Key regulators of protein acetylation, sirtuins have been found to be involved in the aberrant acetylation of vital substrates linked to PD pathology when their balance is out of balance. The hallmark characteristics of PD such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have all been linked to the dysregulation of sirtuin expression and activity. Furthermore, we have also explored how the modulators of sirtuins can be a promising therapeutic intervention in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ayushi Taneja
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Scarian E, Viola C, Dragoni F, Di Gerlando R, Rizzo B, Diamanti L, Gagliardi S, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O. New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2698. [PMID: 38473944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important and well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence of easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weak antioxidant defenses, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute to the development of NDDs or are solely a consequence of neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, these two pathological hallmarks are linked, and it is known that OS can affect the inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview the last findings about these two pathways in the principal NDDs. Moreover, we will focus more in depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to understand how anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs have been used for the treatment of this still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, we will analyze the principal past and actual clinical trials and the future perspectives in the study of these two pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveljn Scarian
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Viola
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Di Gerlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bartolo Rizzo
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Homolak J, Joja M, Grabaric G, Schiatti E, Virag D, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. The Absence of Gastrointestinal Redox Dyshomeostasis in the Brain-First Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by Bilateral Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03906-7. [PMID: 38200352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) by acting as a route for vagal propagation of aggregated α-synuclein in the gut-first endophenotype and as a mediator of gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis via the nigro-vagal pathway in the brain-first endophenotype of the disease. One important mechanism by which the gut-brain axis may promote PD is by regulating gastrointestinal redox homeostasis as overwhelming evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis and progression of PD and the gastrointestinal tract maintains redox homeostasis of the organism by acting as a critical barrier to environmental and microbiological electrophilic challenges. The present aim was to utilize the bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) brain-first PD model to study the effects of isolated central pathology on redox homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were either not treated (intact controls; CTR) or treated bilaterally intrastriatally with vehicle (CIS) or 6-OHDA (6-OHDA). Motor deficits were assessed with the rotarod performance test, and the duodenum, ileum, and colon were dissected for biochemical analyses 12 weeks after the treatment. Lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, low-molecular-weight thiols, and protein sulfhydryls, the activity of total and Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases, and total and azide-insensitive catalase/peroxidase were measured. Both univariate and multivariate models analyzing redox biomarkers indicate that significant disturbances in gastrointestinal redox balance are not present. The findings demonstrate that motor impairment observed in the brain-first 6-OHDA model of PD can occur without concurrent redox imbalances in the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine & Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections,", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mihovil Joja
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gracia Grabaric
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emiliano Schiatti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Zhou Q, Chen B, Xu Y, Wang Y, He Z, Cai X, Qin Y, Ye J, Yang Y, Shen J, Cao P. Geniposide protects against neurotoxicity in mouse models of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease involving the mTOR and Nrf2 pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116914. [PMID: 37451492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Gardeniae, with the effects of discharging fire, eliminating vexation, reducing fever and causing diuresis, and cooling blood to remove apthogentic heat, could be used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Geniposide, as the main active ingredient of Fructus Gardeniae, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several rodent models. Rotenone, a commonly used neurotoxin, induced PD model progresses slowly, but simulates the pathological changes of PD's slow progression. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, we mainly investigated the neuroprotective effects of geniposide on rotenone-induced mouse model of PD and the underlined mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with rotenone (30 mg/kg, p. o.) daily for 60 days. Geniposide (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) were administered at alterative day 30 min before rotenone. On day 60, the challenging beam, spontaneous activity, and adhesive removal tests were performed to evaluate the motor activity. Dopamine, DOPAC and HVA levels were detected by UPLC-MS/MS methods. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining. ROS production, MDA level and GSH: GSSG ratio were measured to analyze oxidative stress. Cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 were detected to assess neuronal apoptosis. The expression of Nrf2 and mTOR signaling were detected using Western blot. RESULTS Geniposide improved motor dysfunction, restored neurotransmitters levels, and attenuated dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by rotenone in mice. Geniposide suppressed rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative damage associated with Nrf2 signaling, and neuronal apoptosis involving mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS Geniposide may exert a neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD by rotenone, and this effect might be relevant to Nrf2 associated antioxidant signaling and mTOR involved anti-apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ziheng He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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12
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Shejul PP, Doshi GM. Glutamate Receptors and C-ABL Inhibitors: A New Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:22-44. [PMID: 38273763 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249268627231206115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative condition. Over the past few decades, suppression of BCR-Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl), which serves as a marker of -synuclein aggregation and oxidative stress, has shown promise as a potential therapy target in PD. c-Abl inhibition has the potential to provide neuroprotection against PD, as shown by experimental results and the first-in-human trial, which supports the strategy in bigger clinical trials. Furthermore, glutamate receptors have also been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD since they facilitate and regulate synaptic neurotransmission throughout the basal ganglia motor system. It has been noticed that pharmacological manipulation of the receptors can change normal as well as abnormal neurotransmission in the Parkinsonian brain. The review study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the approach toward the role of c-Abl and glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease by highlighting the significance and urgent necessity to investigate new pharmacotherapeutic targets. The article covers an extensive insight into the concept of targeting, pathophysiology, and c-Abl interaction with α-synuclein, parkin, and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Furthermore, the concepts of Nmethyl- D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPA) receptor, and glutamate receptors are discussed briefly. Conclusion: This review article focuses on in-depth literature findings supported by an evidence-based discussion on pre-clinical trials and clinical trials related to c-Abl and glutamate receptors that act as potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya P Shejul
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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13
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Zilberter Y, Tabuena DR, Zilberter M. NOX-induced oxidative stress is a primary trigger of major neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102539. [PMID: 37838279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) causing cognitive impairment and dementia are difficult to treat due to the lack of understanding of primary initiating factors. Meanwhile, major sporadic NDDs share many risk factors and exhibit similar pathologies in their early stages, indicating the existence of common initiation pathways. Glucose hypometabolism associated with oxidative stress is one such primary, early and shared pathology, and a likely major cause of detrimental disease-associated cascades; targeting this common pathology may therefore be an effective preventative strategy for most sporadic NDDs. However, its exact cause and trigger remain unclear. Recent research suggests that early oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation is a shared initiating mechanism among major sporadic NDDs and could prove to be the long-sought ubiquitous NDD trigger. We focus on two major NDDs - Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as on acquired epilepsy which is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in NDDs. We also discuss available data suggesting the relevance of the proposed mechanisms to other NDDs. We delve into the commonalities among these NDDs in neuroinflammation and NOX involvement to identify potential therapeutic targets and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Zilberter
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Dennis R Tabuena
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Hahn KR, Kim W, Yoo DY, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Tat-heat shock protein 10 ameliorates age-related phenotypes by facilitating neuronal plasticity and reducing age-related genes in the hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12723-12737. [PMID: 38011257 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of heat shock protein 10 (HSP10) protein on memory function, hippocampal neurogenesis, and other related genes/proteins in adult and aged mice. To translocate the HSP10 protein into the hippocampus, the Tat-HSP10 fusion protein was synthesized, and Tat-HSP10, not HSP10, was successfully delivered into the hippocampus based on immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Tat-HSP10 (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg) or HSP10 (control protein, 2.0 mg/kg) was administered daily to 3- and 21-month-old mice for 3 months, and observed the senescence maker P16 was significantly increased in aged mice and the treatment with Tat-HSP10 significantly decreased P16 expression in the hippocampus of aged mice. In novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests, aged mice demonstrated decreases in exploratory preferences, exploration time, distance moved, number of object contacts, and escape latency compared to adult mice. Treatment with Tat-HSP10 significantly improved exploratory preferences, the number of object contacts, and the time spent swimming in the target quadrant in aged mice but not adults. Administration of Tat-HSP10 increased the number of proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus of adult and aged mice compared to controls, as determined by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and doublecortin, respectively. Additionally, Tat-HSP10 treatment significantly mitigated the reduction in sirtuin 1 mRNA level, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1, and postsynaptic density 95 protein levels in the hippocampus of aged mice. In contrast, Tat-HSP10 treatment significantly increased sirtuin 3 protein levels in both adult and aged mouse hippocampus. These suggest that Tat-HSP10 can potentially reduce hippocampus-related aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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15
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Alkholifi FK, Devi S, Aldawsari MF, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Salkini MA, Sweilam SH. Effects of Tiliroside and Lisuride Co-Treatment on the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway: Modulating Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2735. [PMID: 37893109 PMCID: PMC10604177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are actively exploring potential bioactive compounds to enhance the effectiveness of Lisuride (Lis) in treating Parkinson's disease (PD) over the long term, aiming to mitigate the serious side effects associated with its extended use. A recent study found that combining the dietary flavonoid Tiliroside (Til) with Lis has potential anti-Parkinson's benefits. The study showed significant improvements in PD symptoms induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) when Til and Lis were given together, based on various behavioral tests. This combined treatment significantly improved motor function and protected dopaminergic neurons in rats with PD induced by MPTP. It also activated important molecular pathways related to cell survival and apoptosis control, as indicated by the increased pAkt/Akt ratio. Til and Lis together increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), decreased caspase 3 activity, and prevented brain cell decay. Co-administration also reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). Antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione significantly improved compared to the MPTP-induced control group. This study shows that using Til and Lis together effectively treats MPTP-induced PD in rats, yielding results comparable to an 8 mg/kg dose of levodopa, highlighting their potential as promising Parkinson's treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohamad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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17
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Słowikowski B, Piekut T, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Szymanowicz O, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Permoda-Pachuta A, Dorszewska J. Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1811. [PMID: 37891890 PMCID: PMC10604347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
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18
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Kryl’skii ED, Razuvaev GA, Popova TN, Medvedeva SM, Shikhaliev KS. 6-Hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Alleviates Oxidative Stress and NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in Rats with Experimental Parkinson's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7653-7667. [PMID: 37754267 PMCID: PMC10528003 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (HTHQ) on motor coordination scores, brain tissue morphology, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the severity of oxidative stress parameters, the levels of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) factor, and the inflammatory response in rats during the development of rotenone-induced Parkinsonism. The findings indicate that HTHQ, with its antioxidant attributes, reduced the levels of 8-isoprostane, lipid oxidation products, and protein oxidation products. The decrease in oxidative stress due to HTHQ led to a reduction in the mRNA content of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity, accompanying the drop in the expression of the factor NF-κB. These alterations promoted an improvement in motor coordination scores and increased tyrosine hydroxylase levels, whereas histopathological changes in the brain tissue of the experimental animals were attenuated. HTHQ exhibited greater effectiveness than the comparative drug rasagiline based on the majority of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii D. Kryl’skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Grigorii A. Razuvaev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Svetlana M. Medvedeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Khidmet S. Shikhaliev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
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19
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Bērziņa L, Mieriņa I. Antiradical and Antioxidant Activity of Compounds Containing 1,3-Dicarbonyl Moiety: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:6203. [PMID: 37687032 PMCID: PMC10488980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals and oxidants may cause various damages both to the lifeworld and different products. A typical solution for the prophylaxis of oxidation-caused conditions is the usage of various antioxidants. Among them, various classes are found-polyphenols, conjugated polyalkenes, and some sulfur and nitrogen derivatives. Regarding the active site in the molecules, a widely discussed group of compounds are 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Among them are natural (e.g., curcumin and pulvinic acids) and synthetic (e.g., 4-hydroxy coumarins, substituted Meldrum's acids) compounds. Herein, information about various compounds containing the 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety is covered, and their antiradical and antioxidant activity, depending on the structure, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inese Mieriņa
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
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Chen Q, He J, Liu H, Huang Q, Wang S, Yin A, Chen S, Shen X, Xiao Y, Hu H, Jiang J, Chen W, Wang S, Huang Z, Li J, Peng Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang Z, Zhong M. Small extracellular vesicles-transported lncRNA TDRKH-AS1 derived from AOPPs-treated trophoblasts initiates endothelial cells pyroptosis through PDIA4/DDIT4 axis in preeclampsia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:496. [PMID: 37488572 PMCID: PMC10364420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress placenta and endothelial injury are considered to inextricably critical events in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Systemic inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction are induced by the circulating factors released from oxidative stress placentae. As a novel biomarker of oxidative stress, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) levels are strongly correlated with PE characteristics. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of factors is still largely unknown. METHODS With the exponential knowledge on the importance of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), we carried out lncRNA transcriptome profiling on small EVs (sEVs) secreted from AOPPs-treated trophoblast cells and identified upregulated lncRNA TDRKH-AS1 as a potentially causative factor for PE. We isolated and characterized sEVs from plasma and trophoblast cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting. The expression and correlation of lncRNA TDRKH-AS1 were evaluated using qRT-PCR in plasmatic sEVs and placentae from patients. Pregnant mice injected with TDRKH-AS1-riched trophoblast sEVs was performed to detect the TDRKH-AS1 function in vivo. To investigate the potential effect of sEVs-derived TDRKH-AS1 on endothelial function in vitro, transcriptome sequencing, scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), immunofluorescence, ELISA and western blotting were conducted in HUVECs. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to reveal the latent mechanism of TDRKH-AS1 on endothelial injury. RESULTS The expression level of TDRKH-AS1 was significantly increased in plasmatic sEVs and placentae from patients, and elevated TDRKH-AS1 in plasmatic sEVs was positively correlated with clinical severity of the patients. Moreover, pregnant mice injected with TDRKH-AS1-riched trophoblast sEVs exhibited a hallmark feature of PE with increased blood pressure and systemic inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, is involved in the development of PE. Indeed, our in vitro study indicated that sEVs-derived TDRKH-AS1 secreted from AOPPs-induced trophoblast elevated DDIT4 expression levels to trigger inflammatory response of pyroptosis in endothelial cells through interacting with PDIA4. CONCLUSIONS Herein, results in the present study supported that TDRKH-AS1 in sEVs isolated from oxidative stress trophoblast may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PE via inducing pyroptosis and aggravating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiexing He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haihua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuoshi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ailan Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xinyang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanxuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenqin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Dorszewska J, Ong KT, Zabel M, Marchetti C. Editorial: Insights into mechanisms underlying brain impairment in aging, volume II. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1242271. [PMID: 37496756 PMCID: PMC10368071 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1242271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kevin T. Ong
- Armadale Health Service, Mount Nasura, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Zabel
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Cristina Marchetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI)-Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
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Kulikova O, Troshev D, Berezhnoy D, Stvolinsky S, Timoshina Y, Abaimov D, Muzychuk O, Latanov A, Fedorova T. Neuroprotective Efficacy of a Nanomicellar Complex of Carnosine and Lipoic Acid in a Rat Model of Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1215. [PMID: 37371945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, is a key mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Both carnosine and lipoic acid are potent antioxidants, the applicability of which in therapy is hindered by their limited bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of a nanomicellar complex of carnosine and lipoic acid (CLA) in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Parkinsonism was induced via the administration of 2 mg/kg rotenone over the course of 18 days. Two doses of intraperitoneal CLA (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) were administered alongside rotenone to assess its neuroprotective effect. At 25 mg/kg CLA decreased muscle rigidity and partially restored locomotor activity in animals that received rotenone. Furthermore, it caused an overall increase in brain tissue antioxidant activity, accompanied by a 19% increase in neuron density in the substantia nigra and increased dopamine levels in the striatum relative to animals that only received rotenone. Based on the acquired results, it may be concluded that CLA have neuroprotective properties and could potentially be beneficial in PD treatment when used in conjunction with the base therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kulikova
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Troshev
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil Berezhnoy
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Stvolinsky
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Timoshina
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Abaimov
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Muzychuk
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Latanov
- Department of Neurobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Functional Brain Development and Peak Performance, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Fedorova
- Laboratory of Translational and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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Yu J, Meng J, Qin Z, Yu Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Min D. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota inhibits NMNAT2 to promote neurobehavioral deficits and oxidative stress response in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:117. [PMID: 37208728 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New data are accumulating on gut microbial dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease (PD), while the specific mechanism remains uncharacterized. This study aims to investigate the potential role and pathophysiological mechanism of dysbiosis of gut microbiota in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat models. METHODS The shotgun metagenome sequencing data of fecal samples from PD patients and healthy individuals were obtained from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. The diversity, abundance, and functional composition of gut microbiota were further analyzed in these data. After the exploration of the functional pathway-related genes, KEGG and GEO databases were used to obtain PD-related microarray datasets for differential expression analysis. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed to confirm the roles of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and upregulated NMNAT2 in neurobehavioral symptoms and oxidative stress response in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the diversity, abundance, and functional composition of gut microbiota between PD patients and healthy individuals. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could regulate NAD+ anabolic pathway to affect the occurrence and development of PD. As a NAD+ anabolic pathway-related gene, NMNAT2 was poorly expressed in the brain tissues of PD patients. More importantly, FMT or overexpression of NMNAT2 alleviated neurobehavioral deficits and reduced oxidative stress in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrated that dysbiosis of gut microbiota suppressed NMNAT2 expression, thus exacerbating neurobehavioral deficits and oxidative stress response in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which could be rescued by FMT or NMNAT2 restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yu
- Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Meng
- Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Qin
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Massage, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156, Heping Road, Liunan District, Liuzhou, 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Shen ZB, Meng HW, Meng XS, Lv ZK, Fang MY, Zhang LL, Lv ZL, Li MS, Liu AK, Han JH, Li QS, Duan YJ. Design, synthesis, and SAR study of novel flavone 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115417. [PMID: 37137246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of a major feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) which poses a threat to people's health in the world. It has been reported that antioxidation and anti-inflammation have significant effects on the treatment of PD. 1,2,4-oxadiazole and flavone derivatives have remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In order to find highly effective drugs for PD treatment, based on the remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole pharmacophore and the flavonoid pharmacophore, we designed and synthesized a novel series of 3-methyl-8-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives by pharmacophore combination, and evaluated their anti-inflammatory and antioxidation activities for PD treatment. Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted by their inhibitory activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO release in LPS-induced BV2 Microglia cells, and the optimal compound Flo8 exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Both in vivo and in vitro results showed that Flo8 inhibited neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. In vivo studies also showed that the compound Flo8 ameliorated motor and behavioral deficits and increased serum dopamine levels in MPTP-induced PD model mice. Taken together, this study demonstrated the compound Flo8 could be a promising agent for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-She Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ze-Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lang-Lang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mu-Sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - An-Kang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Hong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R, Yancheva D. New Indole-3-Propionic Acid and 5-Methoxy-Indole Carboxylic Acid Derived Hydrazone Hybrids as Multifunctional Neuroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040977. [PMID: 37107353 PMCID: PMC10135567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the known neuroprotective properties of indole compounds and the promising potential of hydrazone derivatives, two series of aldehyde-heterocyclic hybrids combining those pharmacophores were synthesized as new multifunctional neuroprotectors. The obtained derivatives of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and 5-methoxy-indole carboxylic acid (5MICA) had good safety profiles: Hemolytic effects < 5% (200 μM) and IC50 > 150 µM were found in the majority of the SH-SY5Y and bEnd3 cell lines. The 2,3-dihydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and syringaldehyde derivatives of 5MICA exhibited the strongest neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat-brain synaptosomes. All the compounds suppressed the iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The hydroxyl derivatives were also the most active in terms of deoxyribose-degradation inhibition, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxy derivatives were able to decrease the superoxide-anion generation. Both series of compounds showed an increased inhibition of hMAO-B, with greater expression detected in the 5MICA hybrids. The in vitro BBB model with the bEnd3 cell line showed that some compounds increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer while maintaining the tight junctions. The combined results demonstrated that the derivatives of IPA and 5MICA showed strong neuroprotective, antioxidant, MAO-B inhibitory activity and could be considered as prospective multifunctional compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str.,1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Scafidi A, Poli A, Michelucci A. PARK7/DJ-1 in microglia: implications in Parkinson's disease and relevance as a therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:95. [PMID: 37072827 PMCID: PMC10111685 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of PD remain obscure, causative genetic mutations, which aid in the identification of molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic forms, represent 10% of the patients. Among the inherited forms, loss of function of PARK7, which encodes the protein DJ-1, results in autosomal recessive early-onset PD. Yet, although protection against oxidative stress is the most prominent task ascribed to DJ-1, the underlying mechanisms linking DJ-1 deficiency to the onset of PD are a current matter of investigation. This review provides an overview of the role of DJ-1 in neuroinflammation, with a special focus on its functions in microglia genetic programs and immunological traits. Furthermore, it discusses the relevance of targeting dysregulated pathways in microglia under DJ-1 deficiency and their importance as therapeutic targets in PD. Lastly, it addresses the prospect to consider DJ-1, detected in its oxidized form in idiopathic PD, as a biomarker and to take into account DJ-1-enhancing compounds as therapeutics dampening oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Kobylarek D, Szymanowicz O, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Selected Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disorders in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4132-4149. [PMID: 37039942 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases can be broadly divided according to causal factors into circulatory system disorders leading to ischemic stroke; degeneration of the nerve cells leading to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, and immune system disorders; bioelectric activity (epileptic) problems; and genetically determined conditions as well as viral and bacterial infections developing inflammation. Regardless of the cause of neurological diseases, they are usually accompanied by disturbances of the central energy in a completely unexplained mechanism. The brain makes up only 2% of the human body's weight; however, while working, it uses as much as 20% of the energy obtained by the body. The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and regulatory mechanisms in the brain operate to ensure adequate neuronal activity. Therefore, an understanding of neuroenergetics is rapidly evolving from a "neurocentric" view to a more integrated picture involving cooperativity between structural and molecular factors in the central nervous system. This article reviewed selected molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and energy metabolism disorders such as homocysteine, DNA damage such as 8-oxo2dG, genetic variants, and antioxidants such as glutathione in selected neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and epilepsy. This review summarizes our and others' recent research on oxidative stress in neurological disorders. In the future, the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases may be substantially improved by identifying specific early markers of metabolic and energy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
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Parra I, Martínez I, Vásquez-Celaya L, Gongora-Alfaro JL, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:187-200. [PMID: 36662412 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, referred to as the gut-brain axis, plays a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and that a disruption in this axis can result in neuroinflammatory response and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The protective action of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in various animal models of PD has been reported. Therefore, in this study, we used an inflammatory model of PD to assess the effects of a combination of these two probiotics (Microbiot®) on motor behavior as well as on the response of microglia, including microglia morphology, to gain a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Microbiot® (300 µL) was administered orally once daily for 15 days in a lipopolysaccharide-induced PD model using male Wistar rats. Although LPS-induced motor asymmetry in cylinder test was not affected by Microbiot®, impairment of motor coordination in the narrow-beam test was significantly reduced by this probiotic. Moreover, Microbiot® treatment reduced microglial activation suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. While further mechanistic investigation of Microbiot® in neurodegenerative diseases is warranted, our results support the potential utility of probiotics in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Vásquez-Celaya
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jose L Gongora-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Amoroso R, Maccallini C, Bellezza I. Activators of Nrf2 to Counteract Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030778. [PMID: 36979026 PMCID: PMC10045503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and loss of nerve cells. Oxidative stress has been proposed as one factor that plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders since neuron cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is strictly related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative cell response; therefore, its activation and the consequent enhancement of the related cellular pathways have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. Several Nrf2 activators with different mechanisms and diverse structures have been reported, but those applied for neurodisorders are still limited. However, in the very last few years, interesting progress has been made, particularly in enhancing the blood-brain barrier penetration, to make Nrf2 activators effective drugs, and in designing Nrf2-based multitarget-directed ligands to affect multiple pathways involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review gives an overview of the most representative findings in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Gentile MT, Camerino I, Ciarmiello L, Woodrow P, Muscariello L, De Chiara I, Pacifico S. Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030539. [PMID: 36978787 PMCID: PMC10044769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer’s disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols’ action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut–brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.
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Ren Z, Ding H, Zhou M, Yang N, Liu Y, Chan P. 5-(4-Hydroxy-3-dimethoxybenzylidene)-thiazolidinone improves motor functions and exerts antioxidant potential in hemiparkinsonian rats. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:68-77. [PMID: 36730023 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that 5-(4-hydroxy-3-dimethoxybenzylidene)-thiazolidinone (RD-1), one of rhodamine derivatives, significantly improves motor function in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mice model and could minimize mitochondrial impairment, which is a potential therapeutic target to slow down the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. To further evaluate its therapeutic and antioxidative potential in Parkinson's disease, the current study was designed to explore the effect of RD-1 on hemiparkinsonian rats following unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Motor functional behavioral tests, including apomorphine-induced rotational analysis and beam walking tests, were assessed. Our results showed that oral RD-1 administration for 2 weeks alleviated beam walking disability, but not the rotational behavior. Furthermore, compared to the sham group, tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and fibers in the striatum were significantly preserved in the RD-1 treatment group. The abnormal activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and contents of MDA were evidently ameliorated by RD-1, at least partly. We conclude that RD-1 could improve motor functions and alleviate the loss of dopaminergic expression in the nigrostriatal pathway of Parkinson's disease rats, and the protective mechanism of RD-1 against neurodegeneration was possibly via its modulation of antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders
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Kulkarni A, Preeti K, Tryphena KP, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Proteostasis in Parkinson's disease: Recent development and possible implication in diagnosis and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101816. [PMID: 36481490 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein dyshomeostasis is identified as the hallmark of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). The diseased brain shows the deposition of Lewy bodies composed of α-synuclein protein aggregates. Functional proteostasis is characterized by the well-coordinated signaling network constituting unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). These networks ensure proper synthesis, folding, confirmation, and degradation of protein i.e., α-synuclein protein in PD. The proper functioning the of intricately woven proteostasis network is quite resilient to sustain under the influence of stressors. The synuclein protein turnover is hugely influenced by the autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked mutational changes of a gene involved in UPR, UPS, and ALP. The methylation, acetylation-related epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins along with microRNA-mediated transcriptional changes also lead to extensive proteostasis dysregulation. The result of defective proteostasis is the deposition of many proteins which start appearing in the biofluids and can be identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. The therapeutic intervention targeted at different strata of proteostasis machinery holds great possibilities for delaying the age-related accumulation of pathological hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Narrative Review Concerning the Clinical Spectrum of Ophthalmological Impairments in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Int 2023; 15:140-161. [PMID: 36810467 PMCID: PMC9944508 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic non-motor impairments are common in Parkinson's disease patients, from the onset of the neurodegenerative disease and even prior to the development of motor symptoms. This is a very crucial component of the potential for early detection of this disease, even in its earliest stages. Since the ophthalmological disease is extensive and impacts all extraocular and intraocular components of the optical analyzer, a competent assessment of it would be beneficial for the patients. Because the retina is an extension of the nervous system and has the same embryonic genesis as the central nervous system, it is helpful to investigate the retinal changes in Parkinson's disease in order to hypothesize insights that may also be applicable to the brain. As a consequence, the detection of these symptoms and signs may improve the medical evaluation of PD and predict the illness' prognosis. Another valuable aspect of this pathology is the fact that the ophthalmological damage contributes significantly to the decrease in the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. We provide an overview of the most significant ophthalmologic impairments associated with Parkinson's disease. These results certainly constitute a large number of the prevalent visual impairments experienced by PD patients.
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Searching for Biomarkers in the Blood of Patients at Risk of Developing Parkinson's Disease at the Prodromal Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031842. [PMID: 36768161 PMCID: PMC9915927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is diagnosed many years after its onset, under a significant degradation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, responsible for the regulation of motor function. This explains the low effectiveness of the treatment of patients. Therefore, one of the highest priorities in neurology is the development of the early (preclinical) diagnosis of PD. The aim of this study was to search for changes in the blood of patients at risk of developing PD, which are considered potential diagnostic biomarkers. Out of 1835 patients, 26 patients were included in the risk group and 20 patients in the control group. The primary criteria for inclusion in a risk group were the impairment of sleep behavior disorder and sense of smell, and the secondary criteria were neurological and mental disorders. In patients at risk and in controls, the composition of plasma and the expression of genes of interest in lymphocytes were assessed by 27 indicators. The main changes that we found in plasma include a decrease in the concentrations of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and urates, as well as the expressions of some types of microRNA, and an increase in the total oxidative status. In turn, in the lymphocytes of patients at risk, an increase in the expression of the DA D3 receptor gene and the lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), as well as a decrease in the expression of the Protein deglycase DJ-1 gene (PARK7), were observed. The blood changes we found in patients at risk are considered candidates for diagnostic biomarkers at the prodromal stage of PD.
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Santibáñez-Andrade M, Quezada-Maldonado EM, Rivera-Pineda A, Chirino YI, García-Cuellar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y. The Road to Malignant Cell Transformation after Particulate Matter Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Genotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021782. [PMID: 36675297 PMCID: PMC9860989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In cells, oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production/accumulation of oxidants and the ability of the antioxidant system to detoxify these reactive products. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause multiple cellular damages through their interaction with biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Genotoxic damage caused by oxidative stress has become relevant since it can lead to mutation and play a central role in malignant transformation. The evidence describes chronic oxidative stress as an important factor implicated in all stages of the multistep carcinogenic process: initiation, promotion, and progression. In recent years, ambient air pollution by particulate matter (PM) has been cataloged as a cancer risk factor, increasing the incidence of different types of tumors. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence shows how PM-induced oxidative stress could mediate multiple events oriented to carcinogenesis, such as proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, induction of angiogenesis, and activation of invasion/metastasis pathways. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the involvement of oxidative and genotoxic mechanisms generated by PM in malignant cell transformation. We also discuss the importance of new approaches oriented to studying the development of tumors associated with PM with more accuracy, pursuing the goal of weighing the impact of oxidative stress and genotoxicity as one of the main mechanisms associated with its carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Pineda
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla CP 54090, Mexico
| | - Claudia M. García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.-C.); (Y.S.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (ext. 209) (Y.S.-P.)
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.-C.); (Y.S.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (ext. 209) (Y.S.-P.)
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Barangi S, Hosseinzadeh P, Karimi G, Tayarani Najaran Z, Mehri S. Osthole attenuated cytotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells through inhibition of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:953-959. [PMID: 37427324 PMCID: PMC10329246 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68292.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Natural coumarin called osthole is regarded as a medicinal herb with widespread applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It has various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In some neurodegenerative diseases, osthole also shows neuroprotective properties. In this study, we explored how osthole protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Materials and Methods Using the MTT assay and DCFH-DA methods, respectively, the viability of the cells and the quantity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT), Janus Kinase (JAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and caspase-3 activation levels were examined using western blotting. Results In SH-SY5Y cells, the results showed that a 24-hour exposure to 6-OHDA (200 µM) lowered cell viability but markedly elevated ROS, p-JAK/JAK, p-STAT/STAT, p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK ratio, and caspase-3 levels. Interestingly, osthole (100 µM) pretreatment of cells for 24 hr prevented 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity by undoing all effects of 6-OHDA. Conclusion In summary, our data showed that osthole protects SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ROS generation and reducing the activity of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Barangi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shen LH, Luo QQ, Hu CB, Jiang H, Yang Y, Wang GH, Ji QH, Jia ZZ. DL-3-n-butylphthalide alleviates motor disturbance by suppressing ferroptosis in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:194-199. [PMID: 35799542 PMCID: PMC9241398 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Demiryürek AN, Göktürk Ö, Saracaloglu A, Demiryürek S, Demiryürek AT. Protective effects of verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:331-338. [PMID: 36331750 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to study whether verbenalin, an iridoid glucoside, and (+)-eudesmin, a furofuran lignan isolated from different plant families, can attenuate cell damage and death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 6-OHDA (35 µM) for 1 day. Verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin were administrated with various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µM) one hour before the 6-OHDA treatment. After 1 day, cell viability and neuroprotective effect were investigated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Nitrosative stress was determined with measurements of nitric oxide (NO) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a biomarker of peroxynitrite formation. RESULTS We observed that 6-OHDA declined viability and augmented LDH leakage in SH-SY5Y cells. MTT analyses showed that pretreatment with verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin markedly prevented the toxicity due to 6-OHDA (P < 0.05). Verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin suppressed LDH release induced by 6-OHDA (P < 0.01). Although 6-OHDA treatment produced no marked effects on NO levels, (+)-eudesmin at high concentrations (10-50 µM) markedly attenuated NO levels (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in 3-NT levels with 6-OHDA exposure in cells. Pretreatment with verbenalin, but not (+)-eudesmin, diminished 3-NT levels at low concentrations (1-20 µM) and prevented the cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results indicated that verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin exert potent cytoprotective activities against cytotoxicity triggered by 6-OHDA in neuroblastoma cells. This is the first report demonstrating that verbenalin may act as a peroxynitrite scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nur Demiryürek
- Gaziantep Sahinbey Municipality Science and Art Center, 27470, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Özge Göktürk
- Gaziantep Sahinbey Municipality Science and Art Center, 27470, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Saracaloglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Seniz Demiryürek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuncay Demiryürek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Liu Z, Zhuang W, Cai M, Lv E, Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang H, Fu W. Kaemperfol Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Promoting mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease Models. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1395-1411. [PMID: 36469163 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that kaempferol (KAE) could exert neuroprotective effects against PD. It has been demonstrated that abnormal autophagy plays a key role in the development of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, involved in the development of PD, can damage dopaminergic neurons. Whether the protective effects of KAE were exerted via regulating autophagy remains largely undefined, however. This study aimed to investigate whether KAE could protect dopaminergic neurons via autophagy and the underlying mechanisms using a MPTP/MPP+-stimulated PD model. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and protein levels of autophagy mediators along with mTOR signaling pathway molecules were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. The results showed that KAE could ameliorate the behavioral impairments of mice, reduce the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reduce α-synuclein (α-syn) levels. Furthermore, KAE upregulated levels of autophagy effector protein of Beclin-1 and autophagy microtubule associated protein of light chain 3 (LC3) in the substantia nigra (SN) while rescuing mitochondrial integrity, and downregulated levels of ubiquitin binding protein p62 and cleaved caspase-3, probably by decreasing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated similar results. In conclusion, KAE exerts neuroprotective effects against PD potentially by promoting autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Meiyun Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - E Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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In Silico Evaluation and In Vitro Determination of Neuroprotective and MAO-B Inhibitory Effects of Pyrrole-Based Hydrazones: A Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238485. [PMID: 36500572 PMCID: PMC9737692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a huge burden in modern medicinal practice. A serious drawback of current antiparkinsonian therapy is its symptomatic nature. This directed our investigations in the search for new more potent derivatives, affecting not only the loss of dopaminergic neurons but also the oxidative damage of neuronal cells. Thus in vitro neurotoxicity and neuroprotective analysis on a group of N-pyrrolyl hydrazide-hydrazones were performed. The neurotoxicity of the target derivatives was determined on a subcellular level in isolated rat synaptosomes, mitochondria and microsomes determining their effect on cellular vitality, GSH depletion and MDA production. The neuroprotective effects of the evaluated hydrazones were measured in three models of induced oxidative stress: 6-OHDA, t-BuOOH and Fe2+/AA-induced lipid peroxidation. Molecular docking simulations along with in vitro evaluation of MAO-B inhibitory potential of the target molecules were also performed. The results identified the ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (12) as the most promising compound with the lowest neurotoxicity and highest neuroprotection on all evaluated parameters and inhibiting the hMAOB enzyme by 50%, comparable with the activity of the reference, Selegiline. The compatibility of the in silico and in vitro evaluations is a good prerequisite for these methods to be applied in future assessment of pyrrole-based compounds as anti-Parkinson agents.
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Patil V, Mhamane S, More S, Pawar A, Arulmozhi S. Exploring the protective effect exhibited by curcumin-loaded coconut oil microemulsion in the experimental models of neurodegeneration: an insight of formulation development, in vitro and in vivo study. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major health concern which requires promising drugs with appropriate drug delivery systems. The aim of the present study was development and characterization of curcumin-loaded coconut oil microemulsion (Cur-ME) and to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics performance. Initially, solubility study and emulsification study were performed for preliminary screening of the components. Pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed using selected components, and composition of Cur-ME was finalized. Furthermore, in vitro drug release in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic was performed.
Results
The final formulation exhibited globule size less than 20 nm with PDI and zeta potential as 0.24 and −17 mV, respectively. The formulation showed more than 90% drug content with no signs of precipitation upon dilution and centrifugation. In vitro drug release revealed 2.12-fold improvement in dissolution. In vivo plasma pharmacokinetics of Cur-ME revealed twofolds and 2.48-fold improvement in AUC and Cmax, respectively, than that of Cur-Sol. In vivo pharmacokinetics in adult zebrafish revealed significant enhancement (p < 0.01) in curcumin delivery to the brain with 1.96-fold and 1.92-fold improvement in Cmax and AUC, respectively. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamics of the formulation was evaluated using trimethyl tin (TMT)-induced neurodegeneration in wistar rats. The results revealed that Cur-ME treated group significantly decreased the escape latency and pathlength as compared to the neurodegeneration control group. The observed effects were also markedly significant than Cur-Sol treated group. Further, the brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were found to be increased significantly as compared to Cur-Sol treated group.
Conclusion
The encouraging results exhibited by Cur-ME can be regarded as a mark of an effective formulation that can be used in neurodegeneration. Overall, these findings indicate that an orally delivered microemulsion has enormous potential for drug delivery to the brain.
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Docherty J, Leheste JR, Mancini J, Yao S. Preliminary Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine on Reactive Oxygen Species in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31504. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Xu X, Liu C, Huang X. Identification of hub genes of Parkinson's disease through bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:974838. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.974838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and there is still a lack of effective diagnostic and treatment methods. This study aimed to search for hub genes that might serve as diagnostic or therapeutic targets for PD. All the analysis was performed in R software. The expression profile data of PD (number: GSE7621) was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PD were screened by the “Limma” package of the R software. Key genes associated with PD were screened by the “WGCNA” package of the R software. Target genes were screened by merging the results of “Limma” and “WGCNA.” Enrichment analysis of target genes was performed by Gene Ontology (GO), Disease Ontology (DO), and Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Machine learning algorithms were employed to screen for hub genes. Nomogram was constructed using the “rms” package. And the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to detect and validate our prediction model sensitivity and specificity. Additional expression profile data of PD (number: GSE20141) was acquired from the GEO database to validate the nomogram. GSEA was used to determine the biological functions of the hub genes. Finally, RPL3L, PLEK2, PYCRL, CD99P1, LOC100133130, MELK, LINC01101, and DLG3-AS1 were identified as hub genes of PD. These findings can provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Jahanimoghadam A, Abdolahzadeh H, Rad NK, Zahiri J. Discovering Common Pathogenic Mechanisms of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2326-2337. [PMID: 36301487 PMCID: PMC9607846 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged since December 2019 and was later characterized as a pandemic by WHO, imposing a major public health threat globally. Our study aimed to identify common signatures from different biological levels to enlighten the current unclear association between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease (PD) as a number of possible links, and hypotheses were reported in the literature. We have analyzed transcriptome data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both COVID-19 and PD patients, resulting in a total of 81 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis of common DEGs are mostly involved in the complement system, type II interferon gamma (IFNG) signaling pathway, oxidative damage, microglia pathogen phagocytosis pathway, and GABAergic synapse. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) construction was carried out followed by hub detection, revealing 10 hub genes (MX1, IFI27, C1QC, C1QA, IFI6, NFIX, C1S, XAF1, IFI35, and ELANE). Some of the hub genes were associated with molecular mechanisms such as Lewy bodies-induced inflammation, microglia activation, and cytokine storm. We investigated regulatory elements of hub genes at transcription factor and miRNA levels. The major transcription factors regulating hub genes are SOX2, XAF1, RUNX1, MITF, and SPI1. We propose that these events may have important roles in the onset or progression of PD. To sum up, our analysis describes possible mechanisms linking COVID-19 and PD, elucidating some unknown clues in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Jahanimoghadam
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hadis Abdolahzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Rhus Coriaria L. Extract: Antioxidant Effect and Modulation of Bioenergetic Capacity in Fibroblasts from Parkinson’s Disease Patients and THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112774. [PMID: 36361562 PMCID: PMC9655332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumac, Rhus coriaria L., is a Mediterranean plant showing several useful properties, such as antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Currently, there is no evidence about its possible neuroprotective action in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesized that sumac could modulate mitochondrial functionality in fibroblasts of familial early-onset PD patients showing PARK2 mutations. Sumac extract volatile profile, polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity have been previously characterized. We evaluated ROS and ATP levels on sumac-treated patients’ and healthy control fibroblasts. In PD fibroblasts, all treatments were effective in reducing H2O2 levels, while patients’ ATP content was modulated differently, probably due to the varying mutations in the PARK2 gene found in individual patients which are also involved in different mitochondrial phenotypes. We also investigated the effect of sumac extract on THP-1-differentiated macrophages, which show different embryogenic origin with respect to fibroblasts. In THP-1 macrophages, sumac treatment determined a reduction in H2O2 levels and an increase in the mitochondrial ATP content in M1, assuming that sumac could polarize the M1 to M2 phenotype, as demonstrated with other food-derived compounds rich in polyphenols. In conclusion, Rhus coriaria L. extracts could represent a potential nutraceutical approach to PD.
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The Status of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101919. [PMID: 36290642 PMCID: PMC9598131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD). This meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the changes in the levels of OS biomarkers in AD patients. We included relevant literature published before 1 April 2022, from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases following PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 15 eligible articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 860 patients and 849 controls. Compared with healthy controls, AD patients had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes, and lower levels of albumin, while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin B12, homocysteine, and bilirubin were significantly increased in serum/plasma samples of AD subjects (all p < 0.05). In male patients, the activities of SOD and GPx were increased in serum/plasma but decreased in erythrocytes (all p < 0.05). The opposite trends in the level of SOD and GPx activities in serum/plasma and erythrocytes of male patients could be used as the biomarker of alcohol-induced OS injury, and the synergistic changes of MDA, vitamin B12, albumin, bilirubin, and homocysteine levels should also be considered.
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Wang Y, Wu S, Li Q, Lang W, Li W, Jiang X, Wan Z, Chen J, Wang H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: A phytochemical as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977521. [PMID: 36172194 PMCID: PMC9511047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant polyphenolic component derived from green tea extract, possesses versatile bioactivities that can combat many diseases. During the last decade, EGCG was shown to be effective in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several experimental studies have suggested that it has pleiotropic neuroprotective effects, which has enhanced the appeal of EGCG as a therapeutic strategy in PD. In this review, we compiled recent updates and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of EGCG in PD. We focused on the effects of EGCG on apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, modulation of dopamine production, and the aggregation of α-synuclein. The review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in PD. Taken together, the accumulated data indicate that EGCG is a promising neuroprotective compound for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Weihong Lang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chifeng University Health Science Center, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhirong Wan
- Department of Neurology,Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
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Sophiabadi M, Rastgoo N, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Dopaminergic Neuronal Death in Substantia Nigra Associates with Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin, Selenium, and Zinc: Evidences from 6-Hydroxydopamine Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4058-4067. [PMID: 34741694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild to moderate dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as the main pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually silent and does not produce marked clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigated the association between SNc DA neuronal loss and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Two conventional behavioral tests were carried out in several steps after the toxin to confirm the model reproduction and quantify severity and progress of 6-OHDA-induced PD. Blood samples were collected within 1 week before the toxin and in the second, fifth, and eighth weeks thereafter. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments were performed on the rat's brain to determine the severity of DA neuronal loss in SNc. The severity of behavioral symptoms and TB levels were progressively increased in 6-OHDA-treated rats. On the other hand, Se and Zn levels in them were lower than control. These changes were observed in rats with severe or mild behavioral symptoms. Also, IHC revealed that changes in TB, Se, and Zn associate with SNc DA neuronal loss but do not correlate with its severity. Significant changes in serum levels of TB, Se, and Zn in the mild SNc DA neuronal loss suggest them as valuable parameters for establishment of a serum profile for early detection of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sophiabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rastgoo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran.
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Wang G, Wang X, Zheng X, Sun S, Zhao J, Long Y, Mao Y. Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain combined with hyperbaric oxygen delays D-galactose-induced brain senescence in mice via attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Res 2022; 185:40-48. [PMID: 35970311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is fundamental to neurodegeneration and dementia. Preventing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are potential methods of delaying the onset of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain (AOSC) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can increase the expression of antioxidants and have a neuroprotective function. In this study, we investigate the ability of AOSC, HBO, and AOSC + HBO to prevent D-gal-induced brain senescence. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test results showed that all three therapies significantly attenuated D-gal-induced memory disorders. A potential mechanism of this action was decreasing elevated levels of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The western blot and morphological results showed that all three therapies decreased D-gal-induced neuroinflammation and downregulated inflammatory mediators including the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Taken together, our results indicated that AOSC, HBO, and AOSC + HBO therapies attenuated D-gal-induced brain aging in mice by repressing RAGE/NF-KB-induced inflammation, the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and a decrease in neuronal degeneration. These could be useful therapies for treating age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, HBO combined with AOSC had a better effect than HBO or AOSC alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Yang XX, Yang R, Zhang F. Role of Nrf2 in Parkinson’s Disease: Toward New Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919233. [PMID: 35814229 PMCID: PMC9263373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common and chronic degenerative diseases in the central nervous system. The main pathology of PD formation is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and the formation of α-synuclein-rich Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is not caused by any single independent factor. The diversity of these independent factors of PD, such as iron accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, age, environment, and heredity, makes the research progress of PD slow. Nrf2 has been well-known to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of PD and could regulate these induced factors development. Nrf2 activation could protect dopaminergic neurons and slow down the progression of PD. This review summarized the role of Nrf2 pathway on the pathogenesis of PD. Regulation of Nrf2 pathway might be one of the promising strategies to prevent and treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-xing Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhang,
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