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Fang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Zeng L, Liu J, Ou K. On implications of somatostatin in diabetic retinopathy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1984-1990. [PMID: 38227526 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, a naturally produced neuroprotective peptide, depresses excitatory neurotransmission and exerts anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on the retina. In this review, we summarize the progress of somatostatin treatment of diabetic retinopathy through analysis of relevant studies published from February 2019 to February 2023 extracted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Insufficient neuroprotection, which occurs as a consequence of declined expression or dysregulation of retinal somatostatin in the very early stages of diabetic retinopathy, triggers retinal neurovascular unit impairment and microvascular damage. Somatostatin replacement is a promising treatment for retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials of somatostatin analog treatment for early diabetic retinopathy have been initiated. In one such trial (EUROCONDOR), topical administration of somatostatin was found to exert neuroprotective effects in patients with pre-existing retinal neurodysfunction, but had no impact on the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Overall, we concluded that somatostatin restoration may be especially beneficial for the growing population of patients with early-stage retinopathy. In order to achieve early prevention of diabetic retinopathy initiation, and thereby salvage visual function before the appearance of moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, several issues need to be addressed. These include the needs to: a) update and standardize the retinal screening scheme to incorporate the detection of early neurodegeneration, b) identify patient subgroups who would benefit from somatostatin analog supplementation, c) elucidate the interactions of somatostatin, particularly exogenously-delivered somatostatin analogs, with other retinal peptides in the context of hyperglycemia, and d) design safe, feasible, low cost, and effective administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjian Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kepeng Ou
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Kwon YS, Munsoor J, Kaufmann M, Zheng M, Smirnov AI, Han Z. Polydopamine Nanoparticles as Mimicking RPE Melanin for the Protection of Retinal Cells Against Blue Light-Induced Phototoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400230. [PMID: 38816934 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of the eyes to blue light can induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, potentially leading to pathological damage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While the melanin in RPE cells absorbs blue light and prevents ROS accumulation, the loss and dysfunction of RPE melanin due to age-related changes may contribute to photooxidation toxicity. Herein, a novel approach utilizing a polydopamine-replenishing strategy via a single-dose intravitreal (IVT) injection is presented to protect retinal cells against blue light-induced phototoxicity. To investigate the effects of overexposure to blue light on retinal cells, a blue light exposure Nrf2-deficient mouse model is created, which is susceptible to light-induced retinal lesions. After blue light irradiation, retina degeneration and an overproduction of ROS are observed. The polydopamine-replenishing strategy demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining retinal structural integrity and preventing retina degeneration by reducing ROS production in retinal cells and limiting the phototoxicity of blue light exposure. These findings highlight the potential of polydopamine as a simple and effective replenishment for providing photoprotection against high-energy blue light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Su Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Julie Munsoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mary Kaufmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Albalawi FE, Alsharif I, Moawadh MS, Alkhoshaiban A, Falah Alshehri F, Albalawi AE, Althobaiti NA, Alharbi ZM, Almohaimeed HM. Immunomodulatory effects of Kaempferol on microglial and Macrophage cells during the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112021. [PMID: 38626549 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent secondary complication of diabetes, notably Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D), characterized by immune system involvement potentially impacting the retinal immune response mediated by microglia. Early stages of DR witness blood-retinal barrier permeabilization, facilitating peripheral immune cell interaction with the retinal immune system. Kaempferol (Kae), known for its potent anti-inflammatory activity, presents a promising avenue in DR treatment by targeting the immune mechanisms underlying its onset and progression. Our investigation delves into the molecular intricacies of innate immune cell interaction during DR progression and the attenuation of inflammatory processes pivotal to its pathology. METHODS Employing in vitro studies, we exposed HAPI microglial and J774.A1 macrophage cells to pro-inflammatory stimuli in the presence or absence of Kae. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments utilized BB rats, a T1D animal model. Retinal explants from BB rats were cultured with Kae, while intraperitoneal Kae injections were administered to BB rats for 15 days. Quantitative PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Spectral Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) facilitated survival assessment, cellular signaling analysis, and inflammatory marker determination. RESULTS Results demonstrate Kae significantly mitigates inflammatory processes across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo DR models, primarily targeting immune cell responses. Kae administration notably inhibits proinflammatory responses during DR progression while promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu, chiefly through microglia-mediated synthesis of Arginase-1 and Hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1). In vivo, Kae administration effectively preserves retinal integrity amid DR progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings elucidate the interplay between retinal and systemic immune cells in DR progression, underscoring a differential treatment response predominantly orchestrated by microglia's anti-inflammatory action. Kae treatment induces a phenotypic and functional shift in immune cells, delaying DR progression, thereby spotlighting microglial cells as a promising therapeutic target in DR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Eid Albalawi
- Regional laboratory, blood bank and poisons centre, Sakaka 72346, Saudi Arabia; Medical College, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk 47721, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh S Moawadh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faez Falah Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Ad Dawadimi-17464, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Faculty of science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad M Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Wang M, Yao SQ, Huang Y, Liang JJ, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Ng TK, Chu WK, Cui Q, Cen LP. Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1112-1118. [PMID: 37862216 PMCID: PMC10749609 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness. We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. To investigate the underlying mechanism, in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor (4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole) by intravitreal injection. We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes (Cck, Htrsa, Nef1, Htrlb, Prph, Chat, Slc18a3, Slc5a7, Scn1b, Crybb2, Tsga10ip, and Vstm21) involved in intraocular pressure elevation. Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Fomo KN, Perumal N, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Neuroretinal Cell Culture Model as a Tool for the Development of New Therapeutic Approaches for Oxidative Stress-Induced Ocular Diseases, with a Focus on Glaucoma. Cells 2024; 13:775. [PMID: 38727311 PMCID: PMC11083839 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies characterized by a progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to irreversible vision loss. Nowadays, the traditional therapeutic approach to glaucoma consists of lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP), which does not address the neurodegenerative features of the disease. Besides animal models of glaucoma, there is a considerable need for in vitro experimental models to propose new therapeutic strategies for this ocular disease. In this study, we elucidated the pathological mechanisms leading to neuroretinal R28 cell death after exposure to glutamate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to develop new therapeutic approaches for oxidative stress-induced retinal diseases, including glaucoma. We were able to show that glutamate and H2O2 can induce a decrease in R28 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. A cell viability of about 42% was found after exposure to 3 mM of glutamate and about 56% after exposure to 100 µM of H2O2 (n = 4). Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed differential alterations of 193 and 311 proteins in R28 cells exposed to 3 mM of glutamate and 100 µM of H2O2, respectively (FDR < 1%; p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein changes were associated with the dysregulation of signaling pathways, which was similar to those observed in glaucoma. Thus, the proteomic alteration induced by glutamate was associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. On the other hand, H2O2-induced toxicity in R28 cells was linked to the activation of apoptosis signaling and the inhibition of the mTOR and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the data show a similarity in the inhibition of the EIF2 and AMPK signaling pathways and the activation of the sumoylation and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in both groups. Our findings suggest that the exposure of R28 cells to glutamate and H2O2 could induce glaucoma-like neurodegenerative features and potentially provide a suitable tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.N.F.); (N.P.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
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6
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Khapuinamai A, Rudraprasad D, Pandey S, Gandhi J, Mishra DK, Joseph J. Global Transcriptomic Profiling of Innate and Adaptive Immunity During Aspergillus flavus Endophthalmitis in a Murine Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:44. [PMID: 38687493 PMCID: PMC11067548 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fungal endophthalmitis is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to the partial or complete vision loss. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptomic landscape of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) endophthalmitis in C57BL/6 mice to understand the host-pathogen interactions. Methods Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of A. flavus spores in C57BL/6 mice and monitored for disease progression up to 72 hours. The enucleated eyeballs were subjected to histopathological analysis and mRNA sequencing using the Illumina Nextseq 2000. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to further annotate the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validation of cytokines was performed in vitreous of patients with fungal endophthalmitis using multiplex ELISA. Results Transcriptomic landscape of A. flavus endophthalmitis revealed upregulated T-cell receptor signaling, PI3K-AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, JAK-STAT, and NOD like receptor signaling pathways. We observed significant increase in the T-cells during infection especially at 72 hours infection along with elevated expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-19, IL-23, CCR3, and CCR7. Furthermore, host-immune response associated genes, such as T-cell interacting activating receptor, TNF receptor-associated factor 1, TLR1, TLR9, and bradykinin receptor beta 1, were enriched. Histopathological assessment validated the significant increase in inflammatory cells, especially T-cells at 72 hours post-infection along with increased disruption in the retinal architecture. Additionally, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β were also significantly elevated, whereas IL-10 was downregulated in vitreous of patients with Aspergillus endophthalmitis. Conclusions Regulating T-cell influx could be a potential strategy to modulate the excessive inflammation in the retina and potentially aid in better vision recovery in fungal endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agimanailiu Khapuinamai
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Center for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanwini Rudraprasad
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Center for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchita Pandey
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jaishree Gandhi
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ahmad Z, Singh S, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Lydic TA, Giri S, Kumar A. Untargeted and temporal analysis of retinal lipidome in bacterial endophthalmitis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106806. [PMID: 38185280 PMCID: PMC10939753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial endophthalmitis is a blinding infectious disease typically acquired during ocular surgery. We previously reported significant alterations in retinal metabolism during Staphylococcus (S) aureus endophthalmitis. However, the changes in retinal lipid composition during endophthalmitis are unknown. Here, using a mouse model of S. aureus endophthalmitis and an untargeted lipidomic approach, we comprehensively analyzed temporal alterations in total lipids and oxylipin in retina. Our data showed a time-dependent increase in the levels of lipid classes, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and non-esterified fatty acids, whereas levels of phospholipids decreased. Among lipid subclasses, phosphatidylcholine decreased over time. The oxylipin analysis revealed increased prostaglandin-E2, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and α-linolenic acid. In-vitro studies using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages showed increased lipid droplets and lipid-peroxide formation in response to S. aureus infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that S. aureus-infection alters the retinal lipid profile, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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Mahmoud SS, Morsy SA, Ahmed RT, Aly EM. The impact of photoreceptor layer loss on different ocular tissues: Insights from FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123827. [PMID: 38184882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Photoreceptor loss has significant consequences for visual function, and its management is a critical component for treating not only retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa but also its ocular consequences. On the other hand, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is an excellent tool to investigate molecular structure and dynamics of biological samples, and as a non-destructive and label free measurement, it does not perturb the samples. In this study, detailed analyses of the recorded FTIR spectra from cornea, lens and sclera were performed to monitor the distribution of ocular abnormalities due to photoreceptor layer loss after 1, 3 and 6 days. FTIR data were statistically evaluated by multivariate analysis and Bonferroni means comparison. The obtained results revealed that ocular abnormalities associated with photoreceptor layer loss are varied among the investigated tissues, and comprise changes in both hydrogen bond network around proteins and lipid disorder. Structural modifications of protein secondary structure were reported in all investigated tissues. Clinically, the concluded information from FTIR data and its statistical evaluation can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for these heterogeneous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Mahmoud
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sahar A Morsy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab T Ahmed
- College of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Aly
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
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Feng J, Xie F, Wu Z, Wu Y. Age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease in US population: an observational study. Acta Cardiol 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38126346 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2295103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As far as we know, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become one of the predominant causes of visual impairments. Previous studies have revealed that AMD and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) share the same pathologic and genotypic factors, making the connection between AMD and CVD a hot topic. However, the conclusions of the available studies on the relationship between them are somewhat divergent. METHODS We screened 5523 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 through 2008 for an observational clinical study design. Binary logistic regression modelling was used to estimate the relations between AMD and various CVDs with and without adjustment for demographics, health status, and behaviours related to health. RESULTS Binary logistic regression analyses showed that AMD was able to increase the risk of CVDs in patients both unadjusted and after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Within this study, preventing the development of AMD might cut down the incidence of several CVDs, in particular, significantly lowering the stroke risk. These findings indicate that interventions to prevent AMD may also help to prevent CVDs. In general, late AMD has a more severe impact on the risk of CVDs compared with early AMD. These results could help clinical ophthalmology and cardiovascular medicine in their clinical education and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Douglas VP, Douglas KAA, Iannaccone A. Microbiome and Inherited Retinal Degenerations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1669-1674. [PMID: 37024045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) represent a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of progressive and visually debilitating disorders that can lead to irreversible visual loss. Our understanding of IRD pathogenesis at both the genetic and cellular levels has increased tremendously over the past two decades, but the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases can result in new treatment targets. Alterations in the human gut microbiome play a key role in the pathogenesis of many ocular and nonocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, neurologic and metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions. The gut microbiome regulates the susceptibility of mice to develop experimental autoimmune uveitis, a model for autoimmune disease of the posterior portion of the eye elicited by the systemic response to retinal antigens. Because of the mounting evidence in favor of a role for local and systemic inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated components to IRD pathogenesis, this review presents the current knowledge of gut microbiome in IRDs and discusses the association between possible changes in gut microbiome and pathogenesis of these diseases, with special attention to their possible contribution to the inflammatory underpinnings of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian P Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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11
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Seo H, Chung WG, Kwon YW, Kim S, Hong YM, Park W, Kim E, Lee J, Lee S, Kim M, Lim K, Jeong I, Song H, Park JU. Smart Contact Lenses as Wearable Ophthalmic Devices for Disease Monitoring and Health Management. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11488-11558. [PMID: 37748126 PMCID: PMC10571045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The eye contains a complex network of physiological information and biomarkers for monitoring disease and managing health, and ocular devices can be used to effectively perform point-of-care diagnosis and disease management. This comprehensive review describes the target biomarkers and various diseases, including ophthalmic diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases, based on the physiological and anatomical background of the eye. This review also includes the recent technologies utilized in eye-wearable medical devices and the latest trends in wearable ophthalmic devices, specifically smart contact lenses for the purpose of disease management. After introducing other ocular devices such as the retinal prosthesis, we further discuss the current challenges and potential possibilities of smart contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunkyu Seo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Won Gi Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yong Won Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wonjung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College
of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
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12
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality traits and the risk of sensory impairment: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111459. [PMID: 37657125 PMCID: PMC10591274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory impairment has pervasive effects on older individuals' quality of life and health. Although recent research found an association between personality traits and the risk of hearing and vision impairment, data on older adults is limited, and no study has examined dual-sensory impairment. Therefore, the present study examined the prospective relationship between personality traits and risk of hearing, vision, and dual sensory impairment among older adults. METHOD Participants were older adults aged 67 to 94 years (N = 829) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Personality traits, demographic, clinical (body mass index, diabetes, and high blood pressure), and behavioral (smoking and physical activity) factors were assessed in 2013/2014. Objective measures of hearing and vision were obtained in 2021. RESULTS Controlling for demographic factors, higher conscientiousness was associated with a lower risk of hearing (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.67-0.97, p = .022), vision (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71-0.97, p = .022) and dual sensory impairment (OR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.56-0.86, p < .001). Higher openness (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.97, p = .023) and neuroticism (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62-0.88, p < .001) were associated with a lower risk of hearing impairment. Clinical and behavioral covariates partially accounted for these associations. CONCLUSION Consistent with other age-related health and cognitive outcomes, conscientiousness may be protective against sensory impairment. Surprisingly, neuroticism had a protective effect for hearing, but not vision. The findings provide novel evidence for an association between personality and sensory impairment among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
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13
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Bhat M, Shirzad S, Fofana ARK, Gobeil F, Couture R, Vaucher E. Prevention of Inflammation, Neovascularization, and Retinal Dysfunction by Kinin B 1 Receptor Antagonism in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6213. [PMID: 37834856 PMCID: PMC10573521 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) contributes to vascular inflammation and neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly via the kinin B1 receptor (B1R). The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of the topical administration of the B1R antagonist (R-954) on inflammation, neovascularization, and retinal dysfunction in a murine model of neovascular AMD. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was induced in C57BL6 mice using an argon laser. A treatment with ocular drops of R-954 (100 μg/15 μL, twice daily in both eyes), or vehicle, was started immediately on day 0, for 7, 14, or 21 days. CNV, invasive microglia, and B1R immunoreactive glial cells, as well as electroretinography alterations, were observed within the retina and choroid of the CNV group but not in the control group. The staining of B1R was abolished by R-954 treatment as well as the proliferation of microglia. R-954 treatment prevented the CNV development (volume: 20 ± 2 vs. 152 ± 5 × 104 µm3 in R-954 vs. saline treatment). R-954 also significantly decreased photoreceptor and bipolar cell dysfunction (a-wave amplitude: -47 ± 20 vs. -34 ± 14 µV and b-wave amplitude: 101 ± 27 vs. 64 ± 17 µV in R-954 vs. saline treatment, day 7) as well as angiogenesis tufts in the retina. These results suggest that self-administration of R-954 by eye-drop treatment could be a promising therapy in AMD to preserve retinal health and vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menakshi Bhat
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Shima Shirzad
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (M.B.)
| | | | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (M.B.)
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14
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Anitua E, Muruzabal F, de la Fuente M, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Alkhraisat MH, Merayo-Lloves J. PRGF Membrane with Tailored Optical Properties Preserves the Cytoprotective Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: In Vitro Model of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11195. [PMID: 37446374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the ability of a novel plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) membrane with improved optical properties to reduce oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells) exposed to blue light. PRGF was obtained from three healthy donors and divided into four main groups: (i) PRGF membrane (M-PRGF), (ii) PRGF supernatant (S-PRGF), (iii) platelet-poor plasma (PPP) membrane diluted 50% with S-PRGF (M-PPP 50%), and (iv) M-PPP 50% supernatant (S-PPP 50%). ARPE-19 cells were exposed to blue light and then incubated with the different PRGF-derived formulations or control for 24 and 48 h under blue light exposure. Mitochondrial and cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ZO-1 expression were evaluated. Mitochondrial viability and cell survival were significantly increased after treatment with the different PRGF-derived formulations. ROS synthesis and HO-1 expression were significantly reduced after cell treatment with any of the PRGF-derived formulations. Furthermore, the different PRGF-derived formulations significantly increased ZO-1 expression in ARPE-19 exposed to blue light. The new PRGF membrane with improved optical properties and its supernatant (M-PPP 50% and S-PPP 50%) protected and reversed blue light-induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells at levels like those of a natural PRGF membrane and its supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Muruzabal
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mohammad H Alkhraisat
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Han G, Wei P, Han Q. Application of IPSC and Müller glia derivatives in retinal degenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:351-362. [PMID: 37678979 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases cause blindness characterized by a progressive decline in the number and function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor cells, and ganglion cells. Such diseases include retinitis pigmentosa (RP), glaucomatous optic neuropathy, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic optic neuropathy. Recent studies have demonstrated that Müller glial cells (MGCs), an endogenous alternative source of retinal neurons, are important glial cells involved in retinal development, damage, and regeneration, making it an excellent target for retinal nerve regeneration. Although hardly differentiate into neuron cells, transplanted MGCs have been shown to induce partial recovery of visual function in experimental retinal degenerative models. This improvement is possibly attributed to the release of neuroprotective factors that derived from the MGCs. With the development of the therapeutic usage of pluripotent stem cell, application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) originated derivation of MGCs have been widely used in retinal degenerative disease model such as glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa model. This chapter summarized the relevant research and mechanisms and provided a broader application and research prospects for effective treatments in retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoge Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, P.R. China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Pinghui Wei
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, P.R. China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, P.R. China; Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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16
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Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term “inflammatory eye diseases” refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles’ and exosomes’ pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
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17
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Jeong S, Shin EC, Lee JH, Ha JH. Particulate Matter Elevates Ocular Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4766. [PMID: 36981676 PMCID: PMC10049273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of their exposure to air, eyes can come into contact with air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), which may cause severe ocular pathologies. Prolonged ocular PM exposure may increase inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the retina. Herein, we investigated whether PM exposure induces ocular inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cellular responses in human retinal epithelium-19 (ARPE-19) cells. To understand how PM promotes ocular inflammation, we monitored the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) axis and the expression of key inflammatory mRNAs. We also measured the upregulation of signature components for the ER-related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, as well as intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels, as readouts for ER stress induction following PM exposure. Ocular PM exposure significantly elevated the expression of multiple cytokine mRNAs and increased phosphorylation levels of NFκB-MAPK axis in a PM dose-dependent manner. Moreover, incubation with PM significantly increased [Ca2+]i levels and the expression of UPR-related proteins, which indicated ER stress resulting from cell hypoxia, and upregulation of hypoxic adaptation mechanisms such as the ER-associated UPR pathways. Our study demonstrated that ocular PM exposure increased inflammation in ARPE-19 cells, by activating the MAPK/NFκB axis and cytokine mRNA expression, while also inducing ER stress and stress adaptation responses. These findings may provide helpful insight into clinical and non-clinical research examining the role of PM exposure in ocular pathophysiology and delineating its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jeong
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of GreenBio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ortega JT, Parmar T, Jastrzebska B. Galanin receptor 3 - A new pharmacological target in retina degeneration. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106675. [PMID: 36693600 PMCID: PMC9918719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin receptor 3 (GALR3) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) broadly expressed in the nervous system, including the retina. GALR3 is involved in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Tight control of these processes is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the retina and is required to sustain vision. Here, we investigated the role of GALR3 in retina pathologies triggered by bright light and P23H mutation in the rhodopsin (RHO) gene, associated with the activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. We used a multiphase approach involving pharmacological inhibition of GALR3 with its antagonist SNAP-37889 and genetic depletion of GALR3 to modulate the GALR3 signaling. Our in vitro experiments in the retinal pigment epithelium-derived cells (ARPE19) susceptible to all-trans-retinal toxicity indicated that GALR3 could be involved in the cellular stress response to this phototoxic product. Indeed, blocking the GALR3 signaling in Abca4-/-/Rdh8-/- and wild-type Balb/cJ mice, sensitive to bright light-induced retina damage, protected retina health in these mice exposed to light. The retina morphology and function were substantially improved, and stress response processes were reduced in these mouse models compared to the controls. Furthermore, in P23H Rho knock-in mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), both pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of GALR3 prolonged the survival of photoreceptors. These results indicate that GALR3 signaling contributes to acute light-induced and chronic RP-linked retinopathies. Together, this work provides the pharmacological knowledge base to evaluate GALR3 as a potential target for developing novel therapies to combat retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tanu Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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