Epidemiologic Trend of Smear-Positive, Smear-Negative, Extra Pulmonary and Relapse of Tuberculosis in Iran (2001-2015); A Repeated CrossSectional Study.
J Res Health Sci 2017. [PMCID:
PMC7189918]
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Abstract
Background: Trend analysis is an important tool to monitor epidemiological changes of disease over
time to guide resource allocation. This study aimed to study incidence trends and change-points of
smear positive, smear negative, extra-pulmonary and relapse of tuberculosis (TB) in Iran from 2001
to 2015.
Study design: Repeated cross-sectional study
Methods:Nonlinear segmented regression w as used to describe TB incidence trends; annual percent
change (APC), average annual percent changes (AAPC) and change points for each disease
separately.
Results: Of 154930 TB cases, 49.8% w ere smear positive, 19.7% smear negative, 27.32% extrapulmonary
and 3.18% relapse. For all TB types, the peak of incidence w as in 2001. Tw o change point
w ere estimated for all TB types (P<0.05). The APC of all TB types w ere -6.51 (95% CI: -7.4, -5.4) for
first and 2.4 (95% CI: 0. 7, 4.1) for second segment. Although the trends w ere significantly decreasing
from 2001 to 2015 for smear positive (AAPC=2.06%), smear negative (AAPC=3.57%), extra
pulmonary (AAPC=3.2%) and relapse (AAPC=3.3%), the AAPCs of trends w ere not significant from
2006 to 2015. Except for Extra pulmonary TB (APC=4-.9%, 95%CI:-10, 1.2), the APCs of the last
segments w ere significant.
Conclusions:Even though the TB incidence rates w ere decreasing, the amount of reductions seem
inadequate, to reach the goals of TB control in Iran. Especially, the increase in the extra-pulmonary
TB rates is a point of concern that highlights more attention is required for these cases. It is essential
to improve economic supports tow ard TB control, illegal immigrants, data registry systems and
physician's sensitivity in TB detection.
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