1
|
Bhattacharyya S, R L, Mk R. Polymeric liposomes of emtricitabine employing modified pullulan-an attempt to reduce associated hepatotoxicity. J Liposome Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38946524 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2362352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Emtricitabine (FTC) a BCS class I drug, is used for HIV prevention. The high solubility of the drug is the leading cause of severe hepatotoxicity and lactic acidosis. This research focuses on the use of modified pullulan for the preparation of polymeric liposomes of FTC. Modified pullulan was synthesized using cholesterol, and succinic anhydride in a controlled chemical environment. The formation of the polymer was established through analysis of spectra. Varying the drug-polymer ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), the drug-polymer composite was loaded in the vesicular system of soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Formulations were evaluated for drug entrapment, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro and ex vivo drug release. An in vivo study of the pure drug and the best formulation on mice was conducted for 28 days following daily oral administration to evaluate the effect on liver and hematological parameters. The best formulation was further subjected to cytotoxicity study on hepatic cell lines. Spectral analysis confirmed the formation of modified pullulan. All formulations showed high drug entrapment in the nanovesicles. The in vitro and ex vivo drug release profiles depicted a controlled release of the drug. Hematological parameters were found to be under control in the animals throughout the experimentation. A comparative histopathology study on the livers and cytotoxicity study on hepatic cell lines revealed the safety of the best formulation over the pure drug. Hence it can be concluded that polymeric liposomes of FTC can be a promising mode of delivery to overcome its limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lahari R
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranganath Mk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiang RR, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Bai XY, Zhang D, Li YJ, Yang YL, Liu XL. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for targeting Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105773. [PMID: 38789042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis, which involves the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Many recent studies have revealed a close association between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of AD. Factors such as ferroptosis-associated iron overload, lipid peroxidation, disturbances in redox homeostasis, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species have been found to contribute to the pathological progression of AD. In this review, we explore the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, describe the link between ferroptosis and AD, and examine the reported efficacy of ferroptosis inhibitors in treating AD. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges to ferroptosis inhibitors use in the clinic, enabling their faster use in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Yue Bai
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yang Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yan Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao Long Liu
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rao MR, Gaikwad P, Misal P, Gandhi SV. Phyto-cosmeceutical gel containing curcumin and quercetin loaded mixed micelles for improved anti-oxidant and photoprotective activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113837. [PMID: 38508086 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultra Violet radiations induced skin damage and associated skin disorders are a widespread concern. The consequences of sun exposure include a plethora of dermal conditions like aging, solar urticaria, albinism and cancer. Sunscreens provide effective protection to skin from these damages. Besides FDA approved physical and chemical UV filters, phytoconstituents with their multi functionalities are emerging as frontrunners in Therapy of skin disorders. Objective of this study was to develop novel phyto-dermal gel (PDG) with dual action of sun protection and antioxidant potential using polymeric mixed micelles (PMMs) are nanocarriers. PMMs of Pluronic F127 and Pluronic F68 loaded with curcumin and quercetin were optimized by 32 factorial designs. Responses studied were vesicle size, SPF, entrapment efficiency of curcumin and quercetin and antioxidant activity. Droplet size ranged from 300 to 500 nm with PDI in between 0.248 and 0.584. Combination of curcumin and quercetin showed enhanced sun protection and antioxidant activity. Pluronics played a significant positive role in various parameters. In present studies vesicle size of factorial batches was found to be between 387 and 527 nm, and SPF was found to be between 18.86 and 28.32. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology of micelles. Optimized micelles were incorporated into Carbopol 940. Optimized PDG was evaluated for pH, drug content, spreadability, rheology, syneresis, ex vivo permeation, and skin retention. Hysteresis loop in the rheogram suggested thixotropy of PDG. Syneresis for gels from day 0-30 days was found to be between 0% and 12.46% w/w. SPF of optimized PDG was 27±0.5. Optimized PDG showed no signs of erythema and edema on Wistar rats. PMMs thus effectively enhanced antioxidant and skin protective effect of curcumin and quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rp Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Pranjali Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Poonam Misal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Santosh V Gandhi
- Department of Quality Assurance, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fesenmeier DJ, Cooper ES, Won YY. Overcoming limitations of conventional solvent exchange methods: Achieving monodisperse non-equilibrium polymer micelles through equilibration-nanoprecipitation (ENP). J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:861-869. [PMID: 38330658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypothesis Conventional solvent exchange formulation methods face limitations when trying to control the final non-equilibrium size properties of block copolymer micelles containing a strongly hydrophobicity and a rigid block because the solvent conditions are not well controlled during micelle formation. Therefore, using an alternative formulation method, named Equilibration-Nanoprecipitation (ENP), in which micelles are formed under uniform solvent conditions, will significantly reduce the final dispersity compared a conventional solvent exchange method. EXPERIMENTAL: Size properties of the final aqueous micelle dispersions formed from the ENP method and a conventional solvent exchange are measured using DLS. Also, a parallel modelling study is completed to predict the final size distributions using both methods. Findings The experimental results demonstrate the ENP method is effective producing non-equilibrium micelles with low dispersity below the monodisperse polydispersity index (PDI) cutoff for DLS while the conventional solvent exchange method leads to significantly greater dispersity. Also the experimental results highlight ENP can be used to tune the final size properties which cannot be done using methods which do not properly control the micelle formation conditions. Additionally, the modelling study supports the utility of the ENP approach for producing monodisperse dispersions of nonequilibrium polymer micelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fesenmeier
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elliot S Cooper
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Agboluaje EO, Cui S, Grimsey NJ, Xiong MP. Bile Acid-Targeted Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Absorption of Deferoxamine. AAPS J 2024; 26:46. [PMID: 38609650 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease often rely on blood transfusions which can lead to hemochromatosis and chronic oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Deferoxamine (DFO) is clinically approved to treat hemochromatosis but is suboptimal to patients due to its poor pharmacokinetics which requires long-term infusion regimens. Although the oral route is preferable, DFO has limited oral bioavailability. Studies have shown that hyaluronic acid (HA) and bile acid (BA) can enhance the oral absorption of poorly absorbed drugs. To improve upon the oral delivery of DFO, we report on the synthesis and characterization of HA (MW 15 kD) conjugated to two types of BA, deoxycholic acid (DOCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA), and DFO. The resulting seven polymeric conjugates all formed self-assembled nanoparticles. The degree of BA and DFO conjugation to the HA polymer was confirmed at each step through nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The best formulations for further in vitro testing were determined based on physicochemical characterizations and included HA-DFO, TCA9-HA-DFO, and DOCA9-HA-DFO. Results from in vitro assays revealed that TCA9-HA-DFO enhanced the permeation of DFO the most and was also less cytotoxic to cells compared to the free drug DFO. In addition, ferritin reduction studies indicated that the conjugation of DFO to TCA9-HA did not compromise its chelation efficiency at equivalent free DFO concentrations. This research provides supportive data for the idea that TCA conjugated to HA may enhance the oral absorption of DFO, improve its cytocompatibility, and maintain its iron chelation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oladoyin Agboluaje
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Shuolin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Neil J Grimsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - May P Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bergonzi MC, De Stefani C, Vasarri M, Ivanova Stojcheva E, Ramos-Pineda AM, Baldi F, Bilia AR, Degl’Innocenti D. Encapsulation of Olive Leaf Polyphenol-Rich Extract in Polymeric Micelles to Improve Its Intestinal Permeability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3147. [PMID: 38133044 PMCID: PMC10745506 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polymeric micelles were developed to improve the intestinal permeability of an extract of Olea europaea L. leaf with a high content of total polyphenols (49% w/w), with 41% w/w corresponding to the oleuropein amount. A pre-formulation study was conducted to obtain a stable formulation with a high loading capacity for extract. The freeze-drying process was considered to improve the stability of the formulation during storage. Micelles were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and in vitro release. The optimized system consisted of 15 mg/mL of extract, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic L121, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic F68, and 10 mg/mL of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), with dimensions of 14.21 ± 0.14 nm, a polydisersity index (PdI) of 0.19 ± 0.05 and an encapsulation efficiency of 66.21 ± 1.11%. The influence of the micelles on polyphenol permeability was evaluated using both Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) and the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In both assays, the polymeric micelles improved the permeation of polyphenols, as demonstrated by the increase in Pe and Papp values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Chiara De Stefani
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | | | | | - Francesco Baldi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Donatella Degl’Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Wei G, Liu G, Du Y, Zhang R, Wang A, Liu B, Cui W, Jia P, Xu Y. Regulating Type H Vessel Formation and Bone Metabolism via Bone-Targeting Oral Micro/Nano-Hydrogel Microspheres to Prevent Bone Loss. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207381. [PMID: 36967561 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent skeletal disorders in women and is featured by the imbalance between intraosseous vascularization and bone metabolism. In this study, a pH-responsive shell-core structured micro/nano-hydrogel microspheres loaded with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) using gas microfluidics and ionic cross-linking technology are developed. This micro/nano-hydrogel microsphere system (PDAP@Alg/Cs) can achieve oral delivery, intragastric protection, intestinal slow/controlled release, active targeting to bone tissue, and thus negatively affecting intraosseous angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. According to biodistribution data, PDAP@Alg/Cs can successfully enhance drug intestinal absorption and bioavailability through intestine adhesion and bone targeting after oral administration. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that PDAP@Alg/Cs promoted type H vessel formation and inhibited bone resorption, effectively mitigating bone loss by activating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and promoting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In conclusion, this novel oral micro/nano-hydrogel microsphere system can simultaneously accelerate intraosseous vascularization and decrease bone resorption, offering a brand-new approach to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Land Force No.72 Group Army Hospital of PLA, No.9 Chezhan Road, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Gongwen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.18 Yangsu Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Aifei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jia Y, Jiang Y, He Y, Zhang W, Zou J, Magar KT, Boucetta H, Teng C, He W. Approved Nanomedicine against Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030774. [PMID: 36986635 PMCID: PMC10059816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine using nanotechnology to prevent and treat diseases. Nanotechnology represents one of the most effective approaches in elevating a drug‘s treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity by improving drug solubility, altering biodistribution, and controlling the release. The development of nanotechnology and materials has brought a profound revolution to medicine, significantly affecting the treatment of various major diseases such as cancer, injection, and cardiovascular diseases. Nanomedicine has experienced explosive growth in the past few years. Although the clinical transition of nanomedicine is not very satisfactory, traditional drugs still occupy a dominant position in formulation development, but increasingly active drugs have adopted nanoscale forms to limit side effects and improve efficacy. The review summarized the approved nanomedicine, its indications, and the properties of commonly used nanocarriers and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Jia
- Nanjing Vtrying Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Teng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Surfactant and Block Copolymer Nanostructures: From Design and Development to Nanomedicine Preclinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020501. [PMID: 36839826 PMCID: PMC9963006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical application of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery has so far exhibited many efforts in treating simple to extremely complicated and life-threatening human conditions, with multiple products already existing in the market. A plethora of innovative drug delivery carriers, using polymers, surfactants and the combination of the above, have been developed and tested pre-clinically, offering great advantages in terms of targeted drug delivery, low toxicity and immune system activation, cellular biomimicry and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, such artificial systems can be tailor-made with respect to each therapeutic protocol and disease type falling under the scope of personalized medicine. The simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutic entities of different nature, such as genes and drugs, can be achieved, while novel technologies can offer systems with multiple modalities often combining therapy with diagnosis. In this review, we present prominent, innovative and state-of-the-art scientific efforts on the applications of surfactant-based, polymer-based, and mixed surfactant-polymer nanoparticle drug formulations intended for use in the medical field and in drug delivery. The materials used, formulation steps, nature, properties, physicochemical characteristics, characterization techniques and pharmacokinetic behavior of those systems, are presented extensively in the length of this work. The material presented is focused on research projects that are currently in the developmental, pre-clinical stage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sadiq T, Khalid SH, Khan IU, Mahmood H, Asghar S. Designing Deferoxamine-Loaded Flaxseed Gum and Carrageenan-Based Controlled Release Biocomposite Hydrogel Films for Wound Healing. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100652. [PMID: 36286153 PMCID: PMC9601842 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, biocomposite hydrogel films made from flaxseed gum (FSG)/kappa carrageenan (CGN) were fabricated, using potassium chloride as a crosslinker and glycerol as a plasticizer. The composite films were loaded with deferoxamine (DFX), an iron chelator that promotes neovascularization and angiogenesis for the healing of wounds. The properties of the biocomposite hydrogel films, including swelling, solubility, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus studies, were tested. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, drug release studies in PBS at pH 7.2 were investigated. In vivo analysis was performed by assessing the wound contraction in a full-thickness excisional wound rat model. Hematoxylin & eosin (H & E) and Masson’s trichome staining were performed to evaluate the effect of the films on wound healing progress. The visual and micro-morphological analysis revealed the homogenous structure of the films; however, the elongation at break property decreased within the crosslinked film but increased for the drug-loaded film. The FTIR analysis confirmed the crosslinking due to potassium chloride. A superior resistance towards thermal degradation was confirmed by TGA for the crosslinked and drug-loaded films. Drug release from the optimum film was sustained for up to 24 h. In vivo testing demonstrated 100% wound contraction for the drug-loaded film group compared to 72% for the pure drug solution group. In light of the obtained results, the higher potential of the optimized biocomposite hydrogel film for wound healing applications was corroborated.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tewari AK, Upadhyay SC, Kumar M, Pathak K, Kaushik D, Verma R, Bhatt S, Massoud EES, Rahman MH, Cavalu S. Insights on Development Aspects of Polymeric Nanocarriers: The Translation from Bench to Clinic. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173545. [PMID: 36080620 PMCID: PMC9459741 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientists are focusing immense attention on polymeric nanocarriers as a prominent delivery vehicle for several biomedical applications including diagnosis of diseases, delivery of therapeutic agents, peptides, proteins, genes, siRNA, and vaccines due to their exciting physicochemical characteristics which circumvent degradation of unstable drugs, reduce toxic side effects through controlled release, and improve bioavailability. Polymers-based nanocarriers offer numerous benefits for in vivo drug delivery such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, active drug targeting via surface modification, and controlled release due to their pH—and thermosensitive characteristics. Despite their potential for medicinal use, regulatory approval has been achieved for just a few. In this review, we discuss the historical development of polymers starting from their initial design to their evolution as nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery of drugs, peptides, and genes. The review article also expresses the applications of polymeric nanocarriers in the pharmaceutical and medical industry with a special emphasis on oral, ocular, parenteral, and topical application of drugs, peptides, and genes over the last two decades. The review further examines the practical, regulatory, and clinical considerations of the polymeric nanocarriers, their safety issues, and directinos for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Tewari
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Chandra Upadhyay
- Formulation Research and Development, Mankind Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram 122050, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah 206130, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Ehab El Sayed Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture Research Centre, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza 3725004, Egypt
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.K.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Progress in Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081636. [PMID: 36015262 PMCID: PMC9412594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PMs) have made significant progress in drug delivery applications. A robust core-shell structure, kinetic stability and the inherent ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs are the highlights of PMs. This review presents the recent advances and understandings of PMs with a focus on the latest drug delivery applications. The types, methods of preparation and characterization of PMs are described along with their applications in oral, parenteral, transdermal, intranasal and other drug delivery systems. The applications of PMs for tumor-targeted delivery have been provided special attention. The safety, quality and stability of PMs in relation to drug delivery are also provided. In addition, advanced polymeric systems and special PMs are also reviewed. The in vitro and in vivo stability assessment of PMs and recent understandings in this area are provided. The patented PMs and clinical trials on PMs for drug delivery applications are considered indicators of their tremendous future applications. Overall, PMs can help overcome many unresolved issues in drug delivery.
Collapse
|
13
|
A Review of Polymeric Micelles and Their Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122510. [PMID: 35746086 PMCID: PMC9230755 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers with hydrophilic and hydrophobic units results in micelles (polymeric nanoparticles), where polymer concentrations are above critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). Recently, micelles with metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been utilized in many bio-applications because of their excellent biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, adhesion to biosurfaces, targetability, and longevity. The size of the micelles is in the range of 10 to 100 nm, and different shapes of micelles have been developed for applications. Micelles have been focused recently on bio-applications because of their unique properties, size, shape, and biocompatibility, which enhance drug loading and target release in a controlled manner. This review focused on how CMC has been calculated using various techniques. Further, micelle importance is explained briefly, different types and shapes of micelles are discussed, and further extensions for the application of micelles are addressed. In the summary and outlook, points that need focus in future research on micelles are discussed. This will help researchers in the development of micelles for different applications.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaur J, Gulati M, Zacconi F, Dureja H, Loebenberg R, Ansari MS, AlOmeir O, Alam A, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Jha NK, Pinto TDJA, Morris A, Choonara YE, Adams J, Dua K, Singh SK. Biomedical Applications of polymeric micelles in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: Current success and future approaches. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:771-793. [PMID: 35695697 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2087629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease and multifactorial, harming patients worldwide. Extensive research has been carried out in the search for novel drug delivery systems offering reliable control of glucose levels for diabetics, aiming at efficient management of DM. AREAS COVERED Polymeric micelles (PMs) as smart drug delivery nanocarriers are discussed, focusing on oral drug delivery applications for the management of hyperglycemia. The most recent approaches used for the preparation of smart PMs employ molecular features of amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs), such as stimulus sensitivity, ligand conjugation, and as a more specific example the ability to inhibit islet amyloidosis. EXPERT OPINION PMs provide a unique platform for self-regulated or spatiotemporal drug delivery, mimicking the working mode of pancreatic islets to maintain glucose homeostasis for prolonged periods. This unique characteristic is achieved by tailoring the functional chemistry of ABCs considering the physicochemical traits of PMs, including sensing capabilities, hydrophobicity, etc. In addition, the application of ABCs for the inhibition of conformational changes in islet amyloid polypeptide garnered attention as one of the root causes of DM. However, research in this field is limited and further studies at the clinical level are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de ChileDepartamento de Química Org´anica, Facultad de Química y , Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta AB, Canada
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy Aldawadmi, Shaqra University Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman AlOmeir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy Aldawadmi, Shaqra University Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Kharj, KSA
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Andrew Morris
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mena-Giraldo P, Orozco J. Polymeric Micro/Nanocarriers and Motors for Cargo Transport and Phototriggered Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3920. [PMID: 34833219 PMCID: PMC8621231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart polymer-based micro/nanoassemblies have emerged as a promising alternative for transporting and delivering a myriad of cargo. Cargo encapsulation into (or linked to) polymeric micro/nanocarrier (PC) strategies may help to conserve cargo activity and functionality when interacting with its surroundings in its journey to the target. PCs for cargo phototriggering allow for excellent spatiotemporal control via irradiation as an external stimulus, thus regulating the delivery kinetics of cargo and potentially increasing its therapeutic effect. Micromotors based on PCs offer an accelerated cargo-medium interaction for biomedical, environmental, and many other applications. This review collects the recent achievements in PC development based on nanomicelles, nanospheres, and nanopolymersomes, among others, with enhanced properties to increase cargo protection and cargo release efficiency triggered by ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, including light-stimulated polymeric micromotors for propulsion, cargo transport, biosensing, and photo-thermal therapy. We emphasize the challenges of positioning PCs as drug delivery systems, as well as the outstanding opportunities of light-stimulated polymeric micromotors for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 # 52-20, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chavoshy F, Zadeh BSM, Tamaddon AM, Anbardar MH. Delivery and Anti-Psoriatic Effect of Silibinin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles: An Experimental Study in the Psoriatic Skin Model. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:787-798. [PMID: 32703129 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200722141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis is an inflamed skin disorder associated with the activation of phosphorylation signals in keratinocytes, which leads to proliferation. Phosphorylation signal inhibitors, such as silibinin can inhibit cell proliferation. Unlike current psoriasis treatment approaches that are associated with dangerous side effects; natural components can introduce new trends in psoriasis treatment. The major problem in the topical treatment of psoriasis is drug localization through the psoriasis lesions. METHODS In this study, silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles prepared and characterized for drug loading and release and ex vivo permeation through psoriatic and normal mice skin. The optimized batch was used for the treatment of psoriasis lesions in the mice model. RESULTS The optimized batch demonstrated mean particle size 18.3 ± 2.1 nm, entrapment efficiency 75.8 ± 5.8%, and prolonged silibinin release. % Silibinin permeated through psoriatic skin after 48 treated by polymeric micelle and aqueous control was 80.35, and 92.6, respectively. Polymeric micelles increased silibinin localization in the psoriatic skin in comparison with control. In psoriatic skin after 7- 10 days treatment by silibinin- loaded polymeric micelle, there was no evidence of psoriasis and the histological evaluation showed no sign of psoriasis. Silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles reduced Psoriasis area index by more than 78% after 14 days. CONCLUSION It seems that polymeric micelles increased the effectiveness of silibinin by drug localization into the psoriatic plaque. Topical STAT- 3inhibitors can be introduced as a new strategy in psoriasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Chavoshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Center for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Center for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alsabeelah N, Arshad MF, Hashmi S, Khan RA, Khan S. Nanocosmeceuticals for the management of ageing: Rigors and Vigors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Kaur J, Mishra V, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Anand K, Dua K, Khatik GL, Gowthamarajan K. Harnessing amphiphilic polymeric micelles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: Breakthroughs and bottlenecks. J Control Release 2021; 334:64-95. [PMID: 33887283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are widely utilized in the design of formulations owing to their unique physicochemical properties, flexible structures and functional chemistry. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles (APMs) formed from such copolymers have gained attention of the drug delivery scientists in past few decades for enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, molecular targeting, sustained release, stimuli-responsive properties, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug associated toxicity. Their properties including ease of surface modification, high surface area, small size, and enhanced permeation as well as retention (EPR) effect are mainly responsible for their utilization in the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. However, some of the challenges associated with their use are premature drug release, low drug loading capacity, scale-up issues and their poor stability that need to be addressed for their wider clinical utility and commercialization. This review describes comprehensively their physicochemical properties, various methods of preparation, limitations followed by approaches employed for the development of optimized APMs, the impact of each preparation technique on the physicochemical properties of the resulting APMs as well as various biomedical applications of APMs. Based on the current scenario of their use in treatment and diagnosis of diseases, the directions in which future studies need to be carried out to explore their full potential are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Development and In Vitro Evaluation of 2-Methoxyestradiol Loaded Polymeric Micelles for Enhancing Anticancer Activities in Prostate Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060884. [PMID: 33805675 PMCID: PMC7998642 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to formulate and optimize 2ME-loaded PMs (2ME-PMs) for enhancing the anticancer activity of 2ME in prostate cancer (PC). The 2ME-PMs were formulated using PEG-PLGA (PL), Tween 80 (TW80), and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). The optimization was carried out using a Box-Behnken design with the PL, TW80, and ALA as the independent variables and particle size (PS) as the response. The formulation was optimized for the lowest possible PS, and the software suggested optimum formula with 100.282 mg, 2%, and 40 mg for PL, TW80, and ALA, respectively. The optimized PMs had spherical morphology with PS of 65.36 ± 2.2 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.273 ± 0.03, and entrapment efficiency of 65.23 ± 3.5%. The in vitro drug release was 76.3 ± 3.2% after 24 h. The cell line studies using PC-3 cells showed IC50 values of 18.75 and 54.41 µmol for 2ME-PM and 2ME, respectively. The estimation of tumor biomarkers was also carried out. The tumor biomarkers caspase-9 (17.38 ± 1.42 ng/mL), tumor protein P53 (p53) (1050.0 ± 40.9 pg/mL), nitric oxide (NO) (0.693 ± 0.03 pg/mL), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (25.84 ± 2.23 pg/mL), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) (0.719 ± 0.07 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (2.53 ± 0.16 folds), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (3.04 ± 0.5 folds) were determined for 2ME-PMs and the results showed that these values changed significantly compared to those of 2ME. Overall, the results showed that the formulation of 2ME to 2ME-PMs enhances the anticancer effect. The exploration of the combined advantages of PEG, PLGA, ALA, and PMs in cancer therapy and the delivery of 2ME is the major importance of this research work. PEG reduces the elimination of 2ME, PLGA enhances 2ME loading, ALA has an inherent apoptotic effect, and PMs can efficiently target tumor cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghanem HA, Nasr AM, Hassan TH, Elkhoudary MM, Alshaman R, Alattar A, Gad S. Comprehensive Study of Atorvastatin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers through Multivariate Conceptualization and Optimization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:178. [PMID: 33525642 PMCID: PMC7911144 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to establish a comprehensive experimental design for the screening and optimization of Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (AT-NLCs). Initially, combined D-optimal screening design was applied to find the most significant factors affecting AT-NLCs properties. The studied variables included mixtures of solid and liquid lipids, the solid/liquid lipid ratio, surfactant type and concentration, homogenization speed as well as sonication time. Then, the variables homogenization speed (A), the ratio of solid lipid/liquid lipid (B), and concentration of the surfactant (C) were optimized using a central composite design. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were chosen as dependent responses. The optimized AT-NLCs demonstrated a nanometric size (83.80 ± 1.13 nm), Polydispersity Index (0.38 ± 0.02), surface charge (-29.65 ± 0.65 mV), and high drug incorporation (93.1 ± 0.04%). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed no chemical interaction between Atorvastatin and the lipid mixture. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the AT-NLCs suggested the transformation of Atorvastatin crystal into an amorphous state. Administration of the optimized AT-NLCs led to a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in serum levels of rats' total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. This change was histologically validated by reducing the relevant steatosis of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Ghanem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al Qantarah Sharq 41636, Egypt;
| | - Ali M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai 45511, Egypt
| | - Tamer H. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt;
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kurnik IS, D'Angelo NA, Mazzola PG, Chorilli M, Kamei DT, Pereira JFB, Vicente AA, Lopes AM. Polymeric micelles using cholinium-based ionic liquids for the encapsulation and release of hydrophobic drug molecules. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2183-2196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We generated stable amphiphilic copolymer-based polymeric micelles (PMs) with temperature-responsive properties utilizing Pluronic® L35 and a variety of ionic liquids (ILs) for the encapsulation and release of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S. Kurnik
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Daniel T. Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Jorge F. B. Pereira
- University of Coimbra
- CIEPQPF
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | | | - André M. Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pangeni R, Subedi L, Jha SK, Kweon S, Kang SH, Chang KY, Choi JU, Byun Y, Park JW. Improvements in the Oral Absorption and Anticancer Efficacy of an Oxaliplatin-Loaded Solid Formulation: Pharmacokinetic Properties in Rats and Nonhuman Primates and the Effects of Oral Metronomic Dosing on Colorectal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7719-7743. [PMID: 33116497 PMCID: PMC7555381 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s267424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The anticancer efficacy of orally administered chemotherapeutics is often constrained by low intestinal membrane permeability and oral bioavailability. In this context, we designed a solid oral formulation of oxaliplatin (OP), a third-generation cisplatin analog, to improve oral bioavailability and investigate its application in metronomic chemotherapy. Methods An ion-pairing complex of OP with a permeation enhancer, Nα-deoxycholyl-l-lysyl-methylester (DLM), was successfully prepared and then mixed with dispersing agents (including poloxamer 188 and Labrasol) to form the solid, amorphous oral formulation OP/DLM (OP/DLM-SF; hereafter, ODSF). Results The optimized powder formulation was sized in the nanoscale range (133±1.47 nm). The effective permeability of OP increased by 12.4-fold after ionic complex formation with DLM and was further increased by 24.0-fold after incorporation into ODSF. ODSF exhibited respective increases of 128% and 1010% in apparent permeability across a Caco-2 monolayer, compared to OP/DLM and OP. Furthermore, inhibition of bile acid transporters by actinomycin D and caveola-mediated uptake by brefeldin in Caco-2 cell monolayers reduced the apparent permeability values of ODSF by 58.4% and 51.1%, respectively, suggesting predominant roles for bile acid transporters and caveola-mediated transport in intestinal absorption of ODSF. In addition, macropinocytosis and paracellular and transcellular passive transport significantly influenced the intestinal permeation of ODSF. The oral bioavailabilities of ODSF in rats and monkeys were 68.2% and 277% higher, respectively, than the oral bioavailability of free OP. In vivo analyses of anticancer efficacy in CT26 and HCT116 cell-bearing mice treated with ODSF demonstrated significant suppression of tumor growth, with respective maximal tumor volume reductions of 7.77-fold and 4.07-fold, compared to controls. Conclusion ODSF exhibits therapeutic potential, constituting an effective delivery system that increases oral bioavailability, with applications to metronomic chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Pangeni
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Subedi
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Kang
- Global R&D Center, IcureBNP, Seoul 08511, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hwang D, Ramsey JD, Kabanov AV. Polymeric micelles for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs: From nanoformulation to clinical approval. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:80-118. [PMID: 32980449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as a highly promising drug delivery platform for therapeutic compounds. Particularly, poorly soluble small molecules with high potency and significant toxicity were encapsulated in polymeric micelles. Polymeric micelles have shown improved pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical animal models and enhanced efficacy with a superior safety profile for therapeutic drugs. Several polymeric micelle formulations have reached the clinical stage and are either in clinical trials or are approved for human use. This furthers interest in this field and underscores the need for additional learning of how to best design and apply these micellar carriers to improve the clinical outcomes of many drugs. In this review, we provide detailed information on polymeric micelles for the solubilization of poorly soluble small molecules in topics such as the design of block copolymers, experimental and theoretical analysis of drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles, pharmacokinetics of drugs in polymeric micelles, regulatory approval pathways of nanomedicines, and current outcomes from micelle formulations in clinical trials. We aim to describe the latest information on advanced analytical approaches for elucidating molecular interactions within the core of polymeric micelles for effective solubilization as well as for analyzing nanomedicine's pharmacokinetic profiles. Taking into account the considerations described within, academic and industrial researchers can continue to elucidate novel interactions in polymeric micelles and capitalize on their potential as drug delivery vehicles to help improve therapeutic outcomes in systemic delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacob D Ramsey
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
E. Eleraky N, M. Omar M, A. Mahmoud H, A. Abou-Taleb H. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers to Mediate Brain Delivery of Temazepam: Design and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050451. [PMID: 32422903 PMCID: PMC7284889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The opposing effect of the blood–brain barrier against the delivery of most drugs warrants the need for an efficient brain targeted drug delivery system for the successful management of neurological disorders. Temazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have shown possibilities for enhancing bioavailability and brain targeting affinity after oral administration. This study aimed to investigate these properties for insomnia treatment. Temazepam-NLCs were prepared by the solvent injection method and optimized using a 42 full factorial design. The optimum formulation (NLC-1) consisted of; Compritol® 888 ATO (75 mg), oleic acid (25 mg), and Poloxamer® 407 (0.3 g), with an entrapment efficiency of 75.2 ± 0.1%. The average size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were determined to be 306.6 ± 49.6 nm, −10.2 ± 0.3 mV, and 0.09 ± 0.10, respectively. Moreover, an in vitro release study showed that the optimized temazepam NLC-1 formulation had a sustained release profile. Scintigraphy images showed evident improvement in brain uptake for the oral 99mTc-temazepam NLC-1 formulation versus the 99mTc-temazepam suspension. Pharmacokinetic data revealed a significant increase in the relative bioavailability of 99mTc-temazepam NLC-1 formulation (292.7%), compared to that of oral 99mTc-temazepam suspension. Besides, the NLC formulation exhibited a distinct targeting affinity to rat brain. In conclusion, our results indicate that the developed temazepam NLC formulation can be considered as a potential nanocarrier for brain-mediated drug delivery in the out-patient management of insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin E. Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mahmoud M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61768, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Hemat A. Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Design of Experiments-Assisted Development of Clotrimazole-Loaded Ionic Polymeric Micelles Based on Hyaluronic Acid. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040635. [PMID: 32235344 PMCID: PMC7221810 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic polysaccharides have some advantages as a carrier of poorly soluble lipophilic drugs thanks to their characteristic "core–shell" structure. Previously, ionic polymeric micelles based on chitosan and fatty acids have been developed. The aim of the present study was the preparation and characterization of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives by direct ionic interaction between the HA carboxylic groups and the amine groups of dodecyl amine (DDA) and hexadecyl amine (HDA). The HA–HDA polymeric micelles were loaded with a poorly soluble hydrophobic antifungal drug, clotrimazole (CLO). A 23 full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of the following factors: HA/HDA ratio from 1:0.25 to 1:0.75, cholesterol (CHOL%) as percentage of HA from 10% to 30%, and preparation temperature from 20 to 40 °C. As dependent variables (responses), nanoparticle dimensions and clotrimazole concentration in the final colloidal dispersion were considered. To optimize the drug final concentration, the design was therefore expanded into a rotatable central composite design (CCD). The effects of the formulation variables and the composition of the optimized formulation were confirmed by a mixture design. Physicochemical characterization of the optimized formulation was performed, confirming the ionic interaction between the polysaccharide and the HDA.
Collapse
|