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Khazdair MR, Moshtagh M, Anaeigoudari A, Jafari S, Kazemi T. Protective effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction - A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3137-3149. [PMID: 38726397 PMCID: PMC11077248 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of illnesses that affect the heart or blood vessels, leading to the most common causes of death worldwide. In 2017, CVD caused approximately 17.8 million deaths that were increased approximately to 20.5 million deaths in 2021, globally. Also, nearly 80% of worldwide CVD deaths occur in some countries. Some herbs and their constituents due to their several pharmacological activities have been used for medicinal purposes. Carvacrol is a phenolic mono-terpenoid found in the oils of aromatic herbs with several biological properties. The possible therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction were summarized in the current study. The data from this review article were obtained by searching the terms including; "Carvacrol", "Hypertension", Hypotensive, "Cardiac dysfunction", "Ischemia", "Lipid profile", and Oxidative stress in several web databases such as Web of Sciences, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, until November 2023. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that carvacrol inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and alters lipid profiles, reducing heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Carvacrol also decreased the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β), while increasing secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Moreover, carvacrol improved oxidative stress and mitigated the number of apoptotic cells. The pharmacological effects of carvacrol on CVD might be through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The mentioned therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profile, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction indicate the possible remedy effect of carvacrol for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Mozhgan Moshtagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran
| | - Shima Jafari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of PharmacyBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Toba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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Birdal O, Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Bayram C, Mokthare B, Ertugrul MS, Hacimuftuoglu A, Aksakal E, Koza Y, Saygi M, Senocak H. Protective effects of arbutin against doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:532. [PMID: 38637360 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is an effective antineoplastic agent but has limited clinical application because of its cumulative toxicities, including cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity causes lipid peroxidation, genetic impairment, oxidative stress, inhibition of autophagy, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is frequently tried to be mitigated by phytochemicals, which are derived from plants and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Arbutin, a natural antioxidant found in the leaves of the bearberry plant, has numerous pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved male Wistar rats divided into three groups: a control group, a group treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) to induce cardiac toxicity, a group treated with arbutin (100 mg/kg) daily for two weeks before doxorubicin administration. After treatment, plasma and heart tissue samples were collected for analysis. The samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, including superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and catalase, as well as for cardiac biomarkers, including CK, CK-MB, and LDH. The heart tissues were also analyzed using molecular (TNF-α, IL-1β and Caspase 3), histopathological and immunohistochemical methods (8-OHDG, 4 Hydroxynonenal, and dityrosine). The results showed that arbutin treatment was protective against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage by increasing SOD and CAT activity and decreasing MDA level. Arbutin treatment was similarly able to reverse the inflammatory response caused by doxorubicin by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β levels and also reverse the apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 levels. It was able to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage by reducing cardiac biomarkers CK, CK-MB and LDH levels. In addition to all these results, histopathological analyzes also show that arbutin may be beneficial against the damage caused by doxorubicin on heart tissue. CONCLUSION The study suggests that arbutin has the potential to be used to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Birdal
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Irmak Ferah Okkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25100, Turkey.
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Behzad Mokthare
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25100, Turkey
| | - Emrah Aksakal
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yavuzer Koza
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Saygi
- Department of Cardiology, Hisar Intercontinental Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Senocak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Al-Chlaihawi M, Janabi A. Azilsartan improves doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibiting oxidative stress, proinflammatory pathway, and apoptosis. J Med Life 2023; 16:1783-1788. [PMID: 38585516 PMCID: PMC10994606 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Azilsartan, a known angiotensin receptor blocker, has shown potential in reducing 24-hour blood pressure and may have protective effects against cardiac complications. Increased oxidative stress in cardiac tissue is directly related to the cardiac complications of doxorubicin. This study investigated whether azilsartan could mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. We divided 28 male rats into four groups: the control group receiving a standard diet and water, the vehicle group given DMSO orally for two weeks, doxorubicin group receiving 2.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin three times a week for two weeks, and azilsartan group treated with 5 mg/kg/day of azilsartan orally and doxorubicin. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evidenced by a significant increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, and caspase-3 levels and significantly decreased TAC and Bcl-2 levels in the cardiac tissues of treated rats compared to the DMSO and control groups. Azilsartan significantly decreased doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, as evidenced by a decline in serum levels of both TNF-α and IL-1β. Additionally, MDA significantly decreased in the cardiac tissue, although TAC was significantly increased when comparing the azilsartan group to the group receiving doxorubicin-only. These results suggest that azilsartan effectively reduced doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, likely by mitigating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Chlaihawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kufa Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Janabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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Abbasloo E, Amiresmaili S, Shirazpour S, Khaksari M, Kobeissy F, Thomas TC. Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil and pure carvacrol attenuate TBI-induced inflammation and apoptosis via NF-κB and caspase-3 regulation in the male rat brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4780. [PMID: 36959464 PMCID: PMC10036533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes progressive dysfunction that induces biochemical and metabolic changes that lead to cell death. Nevertheless, there is no definitive FDA-approved therapy for TBI treatment. Our previous immunohistochemical results indicated that the cost-effective natural Iranian medicine, Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil (SKEO), which consists of 94.16% carvacrol (CAR), has beneficial effects such as reducing neuronal death and inflammatory markers, as well as activating astrocytes and improving neurological outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms of these neuroprotective effects have not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the possible mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of SKEO and CAR after TBI induction. Eighty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, TBI, TBI + Vehicle, TBI + CAR (100 and 200 mg/kg), and TBI + SKEO (200 mg/kg) groups. After establishing the "Marmarou" weight drop model, diffuse TBI was induced in the rat brain. Thirty minutes after TBI induction, SKEO & CAR were intraperitoneally injected. One day after TBI, injured rats exhibited significant brain edema, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and neuronal apoptosis. Western blot results revealed upregulation of the levels of cleaved caspase-3, NFκB p65, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was attenuated by CAR and SKEO (200 mg/kg). Furthermore, the ELISA results showed that CAR treatment markedly prevents the overproduction of the brain pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunohistochemistry results revealed the protective effect of CAR and SKEO on post-TBI neuronal death. The current study revealed that the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of SKEO and CAR might be related to (at least in part) modulating NF-κB regulated inflammation and caspase-3 protein expression. It also suggested that CAR exerts more potent protective effects than SKEO against TBI. Nevertheless, the administration of SKEO and CAR may express a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate TBI-related secondary phase neuropathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasloo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Shirazpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics and Biomarkers, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
- Translational Neurotrauma Research Program, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA
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Abdul Ghani MA, Ugusman A, Latip J, Zainalabidin S. Role of Terpenophenolics in Modulating Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065339. [PMID: 36982410 PMCID: PMC10049039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every three deaths worldwide is caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), estimating a total of 17.9 million deaths annually. By 2030, it is expected that more than 24 million people will die from CVDs related complications. The most common CVDs are coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. A plethora of studies has shown inflammation causing both short-term and long-term damage to the tissues in many organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. In parallel to inflammation processes, it has been discovered that apoptosis, a mode of programmed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development due to the loss of cardiomyocytes. Terpenophenolic compounds are comprised of terpenes and natural phenols as secondary metabolites by plants and are commonly found in the genus Humulus and Cannabis. A growing body of evidence has shown that terpenophenolic compounds exhibit protective properties against inflammation and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of terpenophenolic compounds in protecting the cardiovascular system, i.e., bakuchiol, ferruginol, carnosic acid, carnosol, carvacrol, thymol and hinokitiol. The potential of these compounds is discussed as the new nutraceutical drugs that may help to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Adib Abdul Ghani
- Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +60-38921-1875 (J.L.); +60-39289-7684 (S.Z.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +60-38921-1875 (J.L.); +60-39289-7684 (S.Z.)
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Jalilian F, Moieni-Arya M, Hosseinzadeh L, Shokoohinia Y. Oxypeucedanin and isoimperatorin extracted from Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl protect PC12 pheochromocytoma cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 17:12-21. [PMID: 34909040 PMCID: PMC8621846 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.329922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent has been widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, DOX exerts a toxic effect on normal tissues such as the brain. Furanocoumarins reduce the risk of cardiovascular and brain diseases because of their antioxidant activities. This study has been designed, for the first time, to evaluate the effect of known furanocoumarins oxypeucedanin and isoimperatorin extracted from Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by DOX toward pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Experimental approach: NMR and MASS spectrometers were used to characterize the isolated compounds. The protective effects of isolated compounds on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were examined by MTT assay. PC12 cells were pretreated with oxypeucedanin and isoimperatorin for 2 and 21 h, respectively, subsequently exposure to DOX at IC50 concentration. Then, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bax and Bcl2 mRNA expressions, caspase-3 activation, and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured after 24 h. Findings/Results: Pretreatment with oxypeucedanin and isoimperatorin significantly decreased DOX-induced apoptosis through reduction of caspase-3 activity and ROS generation and an increase in MMP. In addition, our finding showed pretreatment with these compounds leads to regulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion and implications: Taken together our observation indicated that oxypeucedanin and isoimperatorin have a protective effect against apoptosis induced by DOX in PC12 cells by inhibition of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jalilian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Maryam Moieni-Arya
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Babaeenezhad E, Hadipour Moradi F, Rahimi Monfared S, Fattahi MD, Nasri M, Amini A, Dezfoulian O, Ahmadvand H. D-Limonene Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury Following Gentamicin Administration in Rats: Role of NF- κB Pathway, Mitochondrial Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and PCNA. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6670007. [PMID: 33510839 PMCID: PMC7822690 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical application of gentamicin (GM) is well known to be associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study was the first to investigate the possible protective effects of D-limonene (D-lim) on AKI following GM administration in rats. 32 rats arranged in four groups (n = 8): (1) the control group received saline intraperitoneally (0.5 ml/day) and orally (0.5 ml/day), (2) the D-lim group received D-lim (100 mg/kg) orally and saline (0.5 ml/day) intraperitoneally, (3) the GM group received GM (100 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally and saline (0.5 ml/day) orally, and (4) the treated group received intraperitoneal GM (100 mg/kg) and oral D-lim (100 mg/kg). All treatments were performed daily for 12 consecutive days. Results revealed that D-lim ameliorated GM-induced AKI, oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, and inflammation. D-lim showed nephroprotective effects as reflected by the decrease in serum urea and creatinine and improvement of renal histopathological changes. D-lim alleviated GM-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of renal catalase, serum and renal glutathione peroxidase, and renal superoxide dismutase and decreasing renal malondialdehyde and serum nitric oxide levels. Intriguingly, D-lim suppressed mitochondrial apoptosis by considerably downregulating Bax and caspase-3 (Casp-3) mRNA and protein expressions and markedly enhancing Bcl2 mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, D-lim significantly decreases GM-induced inflammatory response through downregulation of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and/or protein expressions and decrease in renal myeloperoxidase activity. Finally, D-lim remarkably downregulated PCNA protein expression in the treated group compared with the GM group. In brief, this study showed that D-lim alleviated AKI following GM administration in rats, partially through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities as well as downregulation of PCNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forouzan Hadipour Moradi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Rahimi Monfared
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Davood Fattahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasri
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolhakim Amini
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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