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Fan J, Li P, Fang Q, Yang Y, Zhang H, Du W, Liu S, Luo R. Heterotypic neutrophil-in-tumor structure: A novel pathological feature first discovered in the tissues of OPSCC. Front Oncol 2022; 12:807597. [PMID: 36052249 PMCID: PMC9425089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.807597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo reveal a novel pathological feature: heterotypic neutrophil-in-tumor structure (hNiT) first discovered in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), to analyze the prognostic role of hNiT in OPSCC patients and to explore the role of p16 in the formation of hNiT structures.MethodsClinically, 197 patients were enrolled. Clinicopathological information was extracted and analyzed. All pathologic sections made from primary tumors were re-evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunostaining. In vitro, we cocultured OPSCC cell line SCC-15 with neutrophils to form hNiT structures, which were then subject to fluorescence staining. By RNAi and overexpression techniques, we investigated the role of CDKN2A in the formation of hNiTs. We validated the two techniques by qPCR and Western Blot.ResultsThe hNiT as a novel pathological feature was first discovered in the tissues of OPSCC. The FNiT was significantly associated with tumor stage, disease stage, p16 and tumor grade. A total of 119 patients died of the disease, and the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 36%. The median survival time was 52.6 months. In patients with an FNiT<0.5%, the 5-year DSS rate was 40%; in patients with an FNiT>=0.5%, the 5-year DSS was 28%, and the difference was significant (p=0.001). Cox model analysis showed that FNiT along with disease stage, p16 and tumor grade was an independent prognostic factor for DSS. Immunostaining results of p16 expression showed hNiT formation was negatively correlated to p16 in OPSCC as well as in the hNiT formation assays in vitro indicated by fluorescent staining. Function assays of CDKN2A implied that reduce CDKN2A promoted the formation of hNiT while elevated CDKN2A impeded the hNiT formation.ConclusionThe hNiT as a novel pathological feature is associated with the adverse prognosis of OPSCC patients with p16 inhibiting the formation of hNiT structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fan, ; Shanting Liu, ; Ruihua Luo,
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanting Liu
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fan, ; Shanting Liu, ; Ruihua Luo,
| | - Ruihua Luo
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fan, ; Shanting Liu, ; Ruihua Luo,
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Hybrid Formation and Fusion of Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174496. [PMID: 34503305 PMCID: PMC8431460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell fusion as a fundamental biological process is required for various physiological processes, including fertilization, placentation, myogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and wound healing/tissue regeneration. However, cell fusion is also observed during pathophysiological processes like tumor development. Mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) which play an important role within the tumor microenvironment like other cell types such as macrophages can closely interact and hybridize with cancer cells. The formation of cancer hybrid cells can involve various different mechanisms whereby the genomic parts of the hybrid cells require rearrangement to form a new functional hybrid cell. The fusion of cancer cells with neighboring cell types may represent an important mechanism during tumor development since cancer hybrid cells are detectable in various tumor tissues. During this rare event with resulting genomic instability the cancer hybrid cells undergo a post-hybrid selection process (PHSP) to reorganize chromosomes of the two parental nuclei whereby the majority of the hybrid population undergoes cell death. The remaining cancer hybrid cells survive by displaying altered properties within the tumor tissue. Abstract The generation of cancer hybrid cells by intra-tumoral cell fusion opens new avenues for tumor plasticity to develop cancer stem cells with altered properties, to escape from immune surveillance, to change metastatic behavior, and to broaden drug responsiveness/resistance. Genomic instability and chromosomal rearrangements in bi- or multinucleated aneuploid cancer hybrid cells contribute to these new functions. However, the significance of cell fusion in tumorigenesis is controversial with respect to the low frequency of cancer cell fusion events and a clonal advantage of surviving cancer hybrid cells following a post-hybrid selection process. This review highlights alternative processes of cancer hybrid cell development such as entosis, emperipolesis, cannibalism, therapy-induced polyploidization/endoreduplication, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, and focusses on the predominant mechanisms of cell fusion. Based upon new properties of cancer hybrid cells the arising clinical consequences of the subsequent tumor heterogeneity after cancer cell fusion represent a major therapeutic challenge.
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Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Sumita Y, Katsumi Y, Nikkuni Y, Hayashi T, Tanuma JI. Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma exhibiting prominent neutrophil phagocytosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:438. [PMID: 34452644 PMCID: PMC8401061 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma; its diagnosis is sometimes challenging because it histopathologically resembles neoplastic or reactive spindle cell lesions of mesenchymal origins. Here, we report a rare case of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma exhibiting prominent neutrophil phagocytosis. Case presentation A 69-year-old Japanese man presented with pain and a polypoid mass on the lower left gingiva. He had received chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa 15 years prior to this consultation. In addition, he was treated for mandibular osteonecrosis 6 years after chemoradiotherapy without evidence of cancer recurrence. A biopsy revealed atypical spindle or pleomorphic cells scattered in the edematous and fibrin-rich stroma; however, no malignant squamous components were apparent. These atypical cells frequently contained neutrophils within their cytoplasm that formed cell-in-cell figures. Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells were negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and E-cadherin, but positive for p63, vimentin, and p53. Although these findings suggested spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma, it was difficult to reach a definitive diagnosis. Based on a clinical diagnosis of a malignant tumor, the patient underwent a hemimandibulectomy. The surgically resected specimen had a typical spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma histology consisting of biphasic spindle cells and conventional squamous cell carcinoma components. Moreover, the surgical specimen also exhibited spindle tumor cells that frequently included neutrophils, around which intense staining for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and cathepsin B was observed. This suggested that the cell-in-cell figures represent active neutrophil phagocytosis by tumor cells, and not emperipolesis. Conclusion The presence of neutrophil phagocytosis may be a potent indicator of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sumita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuji Katsumi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nikkuni
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hayashi
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Fan J, Fang Q, Yang Y, Cui M, Zhao M, Qi J, Luo R, Du W, Liu S, Sun Q. Role of Heterotypic Neutrophil-in-Tumor Structure in the Prognosis of Patients With Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:541878. [PMID: 33178577 PMCID: PMC7593655 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.541878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the role of frequency of heterotypic neutrophil-in-tumor structure (FNiT) in the prognosis of patients with buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC). Methods In vitro, we cocultured BMSCC cell line-H157 with neutrophils to form heterotypic neutrophil-in-tumor structures, which were then subject to fluorescence staining. Clinically, 145 patients were retrospectively enrolled. Associations between FNiT and clinicopathological variables including age, sex, smoking history, drinking history, betel nut chewing, tumor stage, node stage, metastasis, disease stage, lymphovascular invasion, extranodal extension, perineural invasion, and tumor grade were analyzed by chi-square test, and the main endpoints of interest were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) which were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model. Results Fluorescent staining results of typical heterotypic neutrophil-in-tumor structure showed that well-differentiated H157 cells had a stronger ability to internalize more neutrophils than poorly-differentiated H157 cells, with the latter often internalizing only one neutrophil or nothing. The mean FNiT was 4.2‰, with a range from 2.3‰ to 7.8‰. A total of 80 patients relapsed and 84 patients died of the disease. The 5-year RFS and DSS rate was 42% and 42%, respectively. Patients with an FNiT≥4.2‰ had a significantly higher risk for locoregional recurrence and cancer-caused death than those with an FNiT<4.2‰ (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The FNiT alone was independently significant in predicting poor RFS, and the FNiT along with tumor grade was an independent predictor for DSS. Conclusion The FNiT as a novel predictor is significantly negatively associated with both the RFS and DSS of patients with BMSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Qi
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Luo
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanting Liu
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Cell-in-cell structures are reported in numerous cancers, and their presence is an indicator for poor prognosis. Mechanistic studies have identified how cancer cells manage to ingest whole neighbouring cells to form such structures, and the consequences of cell-in-cell formation on cancer progression have been elucidated. In this Opinion article, we discuss how two related cell-in-cell processes, cell cannibalism and entosis, are regulated and how these mechanisms promote cancer progression. We propose that cannibalistic activity is a hallmark of cancer that results in part from selection by metabolic stress and serves to feed aggressive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Zargaran M. Cellular cannibalism and lichen planus malignancy: A suggestive hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12321. [PMID: 29349883 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Zargaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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AbdullGaffar B. Clear cell carcinoma first suspected in Pap smear. The value of neutrophil cannibalism by tumor cells. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:176-178. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Frisch NK, Nathan R, Ahmed YK, Shidham VB. Authors attain comparable or slightly higher rates of citation publishing in an open access journal (CytoJournal) compared to traditional cytopathology journals - A five year (2007-2011) experience. Cytojournal 2014; 11:10. [PMID: 24987441 PMCID: PMC4058908 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The era of Open Access (OA) publication, a platform which serves to better disseminate scientific knowledge, is upon us, as more OA journals are in existence than ever before. The idea that peer-reviewed OA publication leads to higher rates of citation has been put forth and shown to be true in several publications. This is a significant benefit to authors and is in addition to another relatively less obvious but highly critical component of the OA charter, i.e. retention of the copyright by the authors in the public domain. In this study, we analyzed the citation rates of OA and traditional non-OA publications specifically for authors in the field of cytopathology. DESIGN We compared the citation patterns for authors who had published in both OA and traditional non-OA peer-reviewed, scientific, cytopathology journals. Citations in an OA publication (CytoJournal) were analyzed comparatively with traditional non-OA cytopathology journals (Acta Cytologica, Cancer Cytopathology, Cytopathology, and Diagnostic Cytopathology) using the data from web of science citation analysis site (based on which the impact factors (IF) are calculated). After comparing citations per publication, as well as a time adjusted citation quotient (which takes into account the time since publication), we also analyzed the statistics after excluding the data for meeting abstracts. RESULTS Total 28 authors published 314 publications as articles and meeting abstracts (25 authors after excluding the abstracts). The rate of citation and time adjusted citation quotient were higher for OA in the group where abstracts were included (P < 0.05 for both). The rates were also slightly higher for OA than non-OA when the meeting abstracts were excluded, but the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.57 and P = 0.45). CONCLUSION We observed that for the same author, the publications in the OA journal attained a higher rate of citation than the publications in the traditional non-OA journals in the field of cytopathology over a 5 year period (2007-2011). However, this increase was statistically insignificant if the meeting abstracts were excluded from the analysis. Overall, the rates of citation for OA and non-OA were slightly higher to comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K. Frisch
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Romil Nathan
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasin K. Ahmed
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vinod B. Shidham
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Shidham VB, Demay RM. Announcement of first time Cytojournal impact factor for 2012 coincides with Cytojournal decade celebration (2004-2013). Cytojournal 2013; 10:18. [PMID: 24082914 PMCID: PMC3779425 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B Shidham
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
CytoJournal, with its continued contribution of scientific cytopathology literature to the public domain under open access (OA) charter, thanks its dedicated peer reviewers for devoting significant efforts, time, and resources during 2011. The abstracts of poster-platform submissions to the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting (November 2011) of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) in Baltimore, MD, USA, were peer reviewed by the ASC Scientific Program Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Shidham
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital (Department of Cytology-Ground Floor), 4707 St. Antoine Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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