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Hashemi H, Aghamirsalim M, Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M. Distribution and associated factors of keratometry and corneal astigmatism in an elderly population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19784. [PMID: 39187693 PMCID: PMC11347703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the distribution of keratometry and corneal astigmatism (CA) and their association with demographic factors, systemic parameters, anthropometric measures, ocular biometric indices, and refractive errors in people aged 60 years and above. In this cross-sectional study, 160 clusters were randomly selected from Tehran city (Iran) using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. All participants underwent optometric examinations including testing uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, and subjective refraction. Pentacam imaging for all participants was carried out using Pentacam AXL. Keratometry and CA were reported based on Pentacam's data. The average, standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of flat keratometry (Kf), steep keratometry (Ks), mean keratometry (mean K), and CA were 44.02 ± 1.58 D (95% CI 43.94-44.1), 44.86 ± 1.67 D (95% CI 44.78-44.94), 44.44 ± 1.58 D (95% CI 44.36-44.52), and 0.84 ± 0.74 D (95% CI 0.81-0.87), respectively. The 95% and 99% percentiles of mean K were 47.1 and 48.6 D, respectively. According to the multiple generalized estimating equation model, the mean K was significantly higher in males, in myopes, and in those with higher systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the mean K was inversely related to the axial length, height, anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal diameter, and central corneal thickness (CCT). The prevalence of various types of CA based on a cut-off > 0.50 D was as follows; with-the-rule: 32.5% (95% CI 30.6-34.4), against-the-rule: 18.2% (95% CI 16.7-19.7), and oblique: 10.0% (95% CI 9.1-11.0). The present study investigated the normal distribution of keratometry and CA in individuals ≥ 60 years, and results can be used in clinical matters, especially in intraocular lens power calculation. Sex, systolic blood pressure, height, and some biometric components such as ACD, corneal diameter, and CCT were significantly related to keratometry and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Lin F, Song Y, Jin L, Wang Z, Chen M, Jiang J, Wang P, Yang Z, Yuan S, Zhang X. Peripheral Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness and Retinal Microvasculature in Myopia Using Wide-Field Swept-Source OCT. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 39093295 PMCID: PMC11305429 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of axial elongation on ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) and retinal capillary density (CD) using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 506 eyes. Fovea-centered scans were obtained to assess the subregional GCCT and capillary density across the whole retina, the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) among three groups: normal control, high myopia (HM) eyes with axial length < 28 mm, and HM eyes with axial length > 28 mm. Regional variations (central vs. peripheral, quadrants difference [superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal]) were analyzed. Results In HM eyes with axial length > 28 mm, GCCT and retinal CD exhibit a general decline in most regions (P < 0.05). In HM eyes with axial length < 28 mm, significant reductions were observed specifically in peripheral regions, as in the GCCT beyond the 3 × 3 mm2 area and CD in the 9-12 mm whole retina, 9-12 mm superior SCP, and 6-12 mm DCP (P < 0.05). Maximum GCCT and retinal CD reduction with axial elongation was observed in subregions beyond 6 × 6 mm2. Conclusions GCCT beyond the 3 × 3 mm2 area and peripheral retinal CD beyond the 6 × 6 mm2 area were more susceptible to axial elongation and are thereby deserving of particular attention. Translational Relevance It is necessary to evaluate different regions during the clinical assessment of the effect of myopia on the fundus and pay close attention to the peripheral retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yuan
- Law School, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Farzanfar A, Lockett-Ruiz V, Navarro R, Koppen C, Rozema JJ. The influence of variations in ocular biometric and optical parameters on differences in refractive error. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:1000-1009. [PMID: 38666416 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a paraxial method to estimate the influence of variations in ocular biometry on changes in refractive error (S) at a population level and apply this method to literature data. METHODS Error propagation was applied to two methods of eye modelling, referred to as the simple method and the matrix method. The simple method defines S as the difference between the axial power and the whole-eye power, while the matrix method uses more accurate ray transfer matrices. These methods were applied to literature data, containing the mean ocular biometry data from the SyntEyes model, as well as populations of premature infants with or without retinopathy, full-term infants, school children and healthy and diabetic adults. RESULTS Applying these equations to 1000 SyntEyes showed that changes in axial length provided the most important contribution to the variations in refractive error (57%-64%), followed by lens power/gradient index power (16%-31%) and the anterior corneal radius of curvature (10%-13%). All other components of the eye contributed <4%. For young children, the largest contributions were made by variations in axial length, lens and corneal power for the simple method (67%, 23% and 8%, respectively) and by variations in axial length, gradient lens power and anterior corneal curvature for the matrix method (55%, 21% and 14%, respectively). During myopisation, the influence of variations in axial length increased from 54.5% to 73.4%, while changes in corneal power decreased from 9.82% to 6.32%. Similarly, for the other data sets, the largest contribution was related to axial length. CONCLUSIONS This analysis confirms that the changes in ocular refraction were mostly associated with variations in axial length, lens and corneal power. The relative contributions of the latter two varied, depending on the particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Farzanfar
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Veronica Lockett-Ruiz
- INMA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Navarro
- INMA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carina Koppen
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jos J Rozema
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Debowy F, Pierscionek B. A comparative analysis of the influence of refractive error on image acuity using three eye models. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:182-190. [PMID: 38009663 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse and compare image acuity for different refractive errors generated by either altering axial length or corneal curvature and using three human eye models with two pupil sizes. METHODS Three different eye models, Liou-Brennan, Goncharov and Navarro, were used. Simulations were made (using Ansys Zemax OpticStudio 22.3) for real pupil sizes of 3 and 6 mm with refractive errors ranging from -2 to +2 D in 0.25 D increments. Refractive errors were simulated by varying axial length or corneal curvature. Root mean square (RMS) values were used to determine image acuity. RESULTS For the 3-mm pupil, all models gave similar results, with the Navarro model having slightly higher RMS values for the emmetropic eye. For the 6-mm pupil, the Liou-Brennan and Goncharov eye models gave similar results, with RMS values lower than for the Navarro eye model. The highest RMS value was visible in the axial length-induced refractive errors. Refractive errors generated by altering corneal curvature give smaller RMS values than those generated by altering axial length. The axial length and corneal radius simulations indicate a wide spread of results for myopic, hyperopic and emmetropic eyes. There are multiple outcomes that give the same refractive error, even within a single-eye model. The axial length/corneal curvature ratio showed a higher ratio for myopes than hyperopes for every model. CONCLUSIONS The influence of refractive error on image acuity varied depending on the simulation method of refractive error and the model used. The origins of refractive error and the influence it has on image acuity need further investigation. As models become more sophisticated, personalised and biologically relevant, they will better represent the image acuity of the eye for varying refractive errors, ethnicities, ages and pupil sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Debowy
- Faculty of Health, Education Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Pierscionek
- Faculty of Health, Education Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang Y, Su M, Liang L, Shi B, Gong D, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang M. The Guiding Significance of Ocular Biometry in Evaluating the Refractive Status of Preschool Children. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1213-1221. [PMID: 37666230 PMCID: PMC10614507 DOI: 10.1159/000533782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS This study aimed to analyze the correlation between refractive status and ocular biological parameters in preschool-age children (3-6 years old), establish a regression curve, guide the clinical judgment of children's refractive status, and improve the accuracy of refractive screening for this age group. METHODS A total of 508 children, aged 3-6 years, were admitted to the hospital, exhibiting symptoms of ametropia and a need for dilation optometry. Among these, 326 children were included in the statistics group, having been examined between August 2021 and October 2022, and 182 children were included in the validation group, having been examined between November 2022 and March 2023. Using IOL Master700, ocular biometry parameters were measured for all participants, including axial length (AL), keratometry readings (K1 and K2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and central corneal thickness (CCT). One percent atropine sulfate eye gel was administered, and then the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated by Bennett's formula. The correlation between SE and other ocular biometrics was analyzed, followed by the establishment of an SE prediction equation. The SE prediction equation was used to calculate the spherical equivalent (SE#) using ocular biometry data from the validation group, and the consistency between SE and SE# was evaluated. RESULTS SE showed a negative correlation with AL/CR (r = -0.936), AL (r = -0.811), ACD (r = -0.500), age (r = -0.396), and Km (r = -0.213) (p < 0.001), and positive correlation with LT (r = 0.301), LP (r = 0.176) (p < 0.001). A multiple linear regression equation was established for SE using the stepwise selection method, SE = 49.232 - 23.583 × AL/CR + 1.703 × ACD + 0.589 × Km - 0.609 × LP + 1.103 × LT (R2 = 0.997). Based on the regression equation, the predicted SE# highly correlated with SE after cycloplegia in the validation group (r = 0.998, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The main ocular biological factors of ocular diopter in children aged 3-6 years are AL/CR, ACD, Km, LP, and LT, which are jointly influenced by multiple factors. Ocular biometry is a reliable predictor of real refraction among children aged 3-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingling Liang
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingjie Shi
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongmei Gong
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Optometry, Beijing Aier Intech Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Su M, Sun Y, Qi L, Gao L, Wu X, Li Y, Liu Y, Li W, Jin M. Clouclip combined with a questionnaire on the influence factors of myopia in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1228257. [PMID: 37609361 PMCID: PMC10440742 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1228257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate eye use behavior in myopic and non-myopic children objectively using Clouclip M2 device and subjectively using questionnaire and compare the results. The study also aimed to assess the relationships between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status. Methods Clouclip M2 was used in monitoring eye use behavior and visual environment in children aged 9-11 years. The participants were monitored for 7 days. On the eighth day, data stored in the device were collected, relevant eye examination were conducted and survey questionnaire was administered. The paired sample t-test was used to compare the eye use behavior obtained objectively and subjectively. The relationships between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status were assessed using the Pearson's Correlation analysis. Results Spherical equivalent refraction was significantly correlated with axial length, axial length to corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal radius (P < 0.05). The average time per day spent on near work, the maximum time for single near work, and the average near working distance were significantly lower, and the average total time spent on outdoor activities was significantly longer as determined by questionnaire method than that found using Clouclip M2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that prolonged near work, shorter working distance, presence of parental myopia, and lesser outdoor activities were significant risk factors for myopia. Conclusions The childhood myopia is influenced by eye use behavior, eye use environment, and parental myopia. Results from this study further support that biometric and optical parameters of the eye determine refractive status. Being an objective method, Clouclip M2 provides an independent eye use behavior data which potentially are more reliable than obtained from subjective method. Our study provided a theoretical basis for myopia prevention and control in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Optometry, Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Patel C, Tan Y, Nygaard S, Guo B, Carrillo C, Burgess J, Souksamone K, Nouansavanh KO, Casson R. Prevalence of Refractive Error in Vientiane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2023; 30:57-65. [PMID: 35112939 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2028294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of adult refractive error and associated risk factors in the Vientiane Province of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. METHODS Population-based, cross-sectional ophthalmic survey of individuals ≥ 40 years of age in Vientiane Province. Suitable refractive data was available in 1058 individuals. Demographic data, which included age and gender, was obtained from all participants. Smoking status, presence of diabetes and hypertension was also recorded. The ophthalmic examination included autorefraction, grading of cataract, applanation tonometry and ultrasound pachymetry for ocular biometry, including axial length. RESULTS Mean refractive error measured -0.36 diopters (D) (standard deviation [SD], 1.41) and mean cylindrical error measured -0.33 D (SD 0.95). Myopia ≤ -0.5 D and ≤ -5.0 D occurred in 53.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.7 to 62.6) and 2.0% (95% CI: 0.4 to 3.6) of participants, respectively. There was a correlation between myopia and both age and higher grading of nuclear cataract (p < .001). Hyperopia ≥ +0.5 D was present in 26.4% of participants and was associated with increasing age (p < .001). Astigmatism was present in 55.8% (95% CI: 51.5 to 60.2) of the population and was associated with increased nuclear cataract (p < .001). Urban participants had a reduced prevalence of myopia compared with rural participants. CONCLUSION Myopia was associated with younger age and a higher grade of nuclear cataract. The prevalence of myopia in the adult population of Vientiane Province was higher than that reported in neighbouring Asian regions and contributed to low vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yiran Tan
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen Nygaard
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brad Guo
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cesar Carrillo
- Sight for All, Ophthalmology Dept, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jerida Burgess
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kitar Souksamone
- National Ophthalmology Centre (NOC), B Thongpong, D Sikhoadtabong, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Kham Od Nouansavanh
- National Ophthalmology Centre (NOC), B Thongpong, D Sikhoadtabong, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Robert Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, Australia
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Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. High prevalence of refractive errors in an elderly population; a public health issue. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36707798 PMCID: PMC9881344 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia and their associated demographic and ocular factors in people 60 years of age and above. METHODS The sampling was performed using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. The complete demographic and case history information were collected through an interview. Then, all participants underwent optometric examinations including measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective, and subjective refraction. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction worse than -0.50 diopters (D) and + 0.50 D, respectively. RESULTS Three thousand three hundred ten of 3791 invitees participated, and the data of 3263 individuals were analyzed for this report. The mean age of participants was 68.25 ± 6.53 (60 to 97) years, and 1895 (58.1%) of them were female (number of male/female participants = 1368/1895). The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 31.65% (95% CI: 29.68 -33.61) and 45.36% (95% CI: 43.36 -47.37), respectively. The prevalence of severe myopia and hyperopia was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.73 -1.55) and 2.27% (95% CI: 1.57 -2.97), respectively. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, the prevalence of myopia had a statistically significant direct relationship with age (OR: 1.04; p < 0.001), history of glaucoma surgery (OR:2.75; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR: 2.27; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:3.05; p < 0.001), and mean keratometry (OR:1.61; p < 0.001). The education level was significantly inversely related to the myopia prevalence. Moreover, a history of glaucoma surgery (OR:0.44; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR = 0.15; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:35; p < 0.001) and mean keratometry (OR:0.62; p < 0.001) were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of hyperopia. 19% and 40.02% of myopic and hyperopic patients had complete visual acuity after correction of refractive error, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of refractive errors was high in the Iranian elderly population. A large percentage of the elderly still did not have complete visual acuity after the correction of refractive errors indicating the necessity for attention to other ocular diseases in this age group. The history of cataract and glaucoma surgery could be associated with a myopic shift of refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- grid.411600.2Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Hashemi H, Bouyeh A, Khabazkhoob M. Association between Refractive Errors and Ocular Biometry in an Elderly Population. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:74-81. [PMID: 36705717 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The anterior chamber depth in hyperopic eyes is significantly deeper than that in myopic eyes, and this finding is independent of the axial length. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationship between and refractive errors and ocular biometric components in a geriatric population 60 years and older. METHODS The present population-based cross-sectional study was performed using a multistage random cluster sampling method in Tehran, Iran. After selecting the samples, visual acuity measurement, autorefraction, subjective refraction, and slit-lamp examination were performed for all participants. Ocular biometric indices were measured with Pentacam AXL (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS The correlation coefficients of spherical equivalent with axial length, corneal radius of curvature, axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio, and anterior chamber depth were -0.40, 0.14, -0.63, and -0.18, respectively, after controlling the effects of age, sex, and nuclear cataract. The axial length (24.84 vs. 21.21 mm), the anterior chamber depth (2.74 vs. 2.34 mm), the ratio of the axial length to the corneal radius of curvature (3.35 vs. 2.71), and the anterior chamber volume (138.59 and 105.54 mm 3 ) were the highest and lowest in myopic and hyperopic individuals, respectively (all P < .001). In the first model, axial length and nuclear cataract were significantly inversely related to the spherical equivalent. However, corneal radius of curvature, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, and corneal diameter had a significant direct relationship with the spherical equivalent. In the second model, the axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio and cataract showed an inverse relationship with the spherical equivalent, whereas anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter had a direct relationship with the spherical equivalent. CONCLUSIONS Among the biometric components, the axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio has the strongest relationship with refractive errors. The anterior chamber depth is lower in myopes compared with hyperopes after controlling the effect of axial length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aria Bouyeh
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alrasheed SH, Aldakhil S. Corneal Curvature, Anterior Chamber Depth, Lens Thickness, And Vitreous Chamber Depth: Their Intercorrelations With Refractive Error In Saudi Adults. Open Ophthalmol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743641-v16-e2209300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Ocular biometrics, such as corneal curvature, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, play a significant role in the development of refractive error and are essential in many clinical and research applications.
Objective:
To determine means and ranges for corneal curvature, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and their intercorrelations with refractive error in Saudi adults.
Methods:
A total of 120 eyes of 60 hyperopic and 60 myopic subjects aged 19-26 years old were enrolled in this comparative cross-sectional study. Axial Length (AL), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Lens Thickness (LT), and Vitreous Chamber Depth (VCD) were measured by the SONOMED ultrasound E-Z SCAN AB5500+, A-scan, with a contact technique. An ophthalmometer measured the refractive status objectively by auto-refraction and the corneal radius of curvature.
Results:
The findings showed that the myopic eyes had a deeper ACD(3.70±0.27mm) than hyperopic eyes (3.28±0.32mm), P=0.0001. However, the hyperopic eyes had a thicker LT (3.84±0.24mm) than the myopic eyes (3.81±0.19mm), P=0.640. The mean of the corneal radius of curvature for the myopic eyes was slightly more curved (7.87±0.23mm) than for the hyperopic eyes (7.95±0.27mm), P=0.602. The myopic eyes had a higher axial length/corneal radius AL/CR ratio (3.12±0.11) than hyperopic eyes (2.89±0.06), with P=0.0001. Myopic spherical equivalent (SPH) positively correlated with VCD and AL/CR ratio, P=0.0001. Vitreous chamber depth/Axial length ratio (VCD/AL) in the myopic eyes was higher (0.693±0.041) than in the hyperopic eyes (0.677±0.018), P=0.000. Hyperopic SPH was positively associated with the VCD/AL ratio, P=0.0001.
Conclusion:
Myopic eyes had a deeper VCD than hyperopic eyes; there was a strong positive correlation between VCD and myopic SPH. There was a strong positive correlation between the AL/CR ratio and myopic SPH and a VCD/AL ratio and the hyperopic SPH. Thus, the study suggests the possible utility of the AL/CR ratio while assessing the development of myopic refractive error and the VCD/AL ratio when evaluating hyperopic eyes and their associated complications.
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11
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Maraghechi G, Ojaghi H, Amani F, Najafi A. A comparative study of Pentacam indices in various types and severities of refractive error in candidates for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery. J Med Life 2022; 15:810-818. [PMID: 35928358 PMCID: PMC9321500 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to specify Pentacam indices in patients who suffered from different types of refractive error and underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 1125 patients (2215 eye samples) who underwent PRK surgery in the Noor Surgical Center of Ardabil, Iran, over a 5 year period (2014-2018). A particular checklist was provided to patients, which consisted of demographic data, pachymetry test, keratometry, refractive error, corneal-thickness indices, and corneal surface area indices. The data were analysed using the statistical analysis package of IBM® V25. The mean age of the participants in this study was 28.48±6.82 years, and the ratio of women to men was 66.4%. It was observed that the differences between angle, volume, the depth of the anterior chamber, IVA, and ISV were significant (P=0.00) when compared to each other in all types of refractive errors. High myopes had significantly higher Kmax front than low myopes (P=0.00). In astigmatism patients, the Kmax in front of the cornea in extreme type was significantly higher than in moderate (P=0.00) and high (P=0.01) types. High myopes had significantly lower Rmin than mild myopes (P=0.02), and extreme astigmatism had significantly lower Rmin than high (P=0.014) and moderate types (P=0.013). The data from this study revealed that in patients undergoing PRK surgery, some Pentacam indices could be related to some types of refractive error, and in some of these indices, there are statistically significant differences between different severities of refractive errors. Therefore, their preoperative evaluation is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Maraghechi
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Ardabil Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Habib Ojaghi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,Corresponding Author: Habib Ojaghi, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Firouz Amani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Pólit Huerta F, Pólit Hoyos AF, Pólit Hoyos J, Molano-González N. Difference between both eyes in the calculation of the dioptre power of the intraocular lens in a series of 7994 patients. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:124-132. [PMID: 35248393 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the distribution of the difference between both eyes in the calculation of the dioptric power of the intraocular lens in a series of 7994 patients and the biometric variables that determine it. METHODS The data of patients between 3 and 99 years old, residents of the city of Guayaquil and neighbouring sites, who received ocular biometry by partial optical coherence interferometry between 2004 and 2020 were reviewed. Ocular biometrics, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the mean corneal dioptre power (CD), were measured by partial coherence interferometry. Refraction without or with cycloplegia was recorded in spherical equivalent (SE). The Haigis formula from the IOL Master instrument was used to calculate the dioptric power of the intraocular lens in both eyes. RESULTS Data from the bilateral optical biometry of 7994 patients were analysed. The mean and standard deviation of AL, CD, ACD and dioptre power of the IOL were 23.66 ± 1.25, 43.70 ± 1.49, 3.34 ± 0.40 and +20.46 ± 3.84, respectively. 2538 (31.7%) patients had equal dioptre power of the IOL between both eyes. 3243 (40.6%) patients had a 0.50 D difference; 1162 (14.5%), 1.0 D; 425 (5.3%), 1.5 D. 626 patients (7.8%) had a difference in IOL dioptre of 2 D or more, with a maximum of 24 D. The asymmetry of AL between OU was ≥0.4 mm in 10.49%, while that of CD reached ≥1 D in 1.9%. CONCLUSIONS 92.16% of patients had a difference within 1.5 D between both eyes in the calculation of the dioptre power of the intraocular lens. In case an eye is programmed in which it is impossible to perform a reliable biometry, either due to trauma or due to white or brunescent cataract, the calculation of the intraocular lens could be done taking as a reference the biometry of the contralateral eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pólit Huerta
- Oftalmología, Hospital Clínica Kennedy, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Oftalmología, Clínica Internacional de la Visión de Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - A F Pólit Hoyos
- Oftalmología, Hospital Clínica Kennedy, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Oftalmología, Clínica Internacional de la Visión de Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - J Pólit Hoyos
- Oftalmología, Hospital Clínica Kennedy, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Oftalmología, Clínica Internacional de la Visión de Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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13
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Paritala A, Takkar B, Gaur N, Soni D, Ali MH, Rathi A. Correlation of vitreous chamber depth with ocular biometry in high axial myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:914-920. [PMID: 35225543 PMCID: PMC9114555 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1201_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The proportion of axial length (AL) occupied by vitreous chamber depth (VCD), or VCD:AL, consistently correlates to ocular biometry in the general population. Relation of VCD:AL to ocular biometry in high myopia is not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation of VCD and VCD:AL to ocular biometry of highly myopic eyes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of records of 214 myopic eyes (<-1 D SE, aged 20-40 years) attending the refractive surgery services. High axial myopia was defined as AL >26.5 mm. Eyes with posterior staphyloma and myopic maculopathy were excluded. Records were assessed for measurements of AL, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), white to white diameter (WTW), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD). Groups were formed based on increasing AL, while the sum of CCT, ACD, and LT was recorded as anterior segment depth (AS). The main outcome measure was the correlation of VCD and VCD:AL to ocular biometry. A comparison was also performed based on of degree of axial myopia. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 27.0 ± 5.2 years. VCD showed a very strong correlation with AL (R = 0.98, P < 0.001) but did not correlate to any anterior parameter. VCD:AL showed moderate negative relation with AS (R = -0.43, P < 0.001) and ACD (R = -0.3, P < 0.001), while it had a weakly negative relation with LT (R = -0.18, P = 0.006). VCD:AL showed strong negative relation (R > ~0.7) with AS in all individual groups of AL. Among anterior parameters, WTW showed the most consistent relation with ocular biometry. CONCLUSION VCD:AL is a better correlate of ocular biometry in high myopia as compared to VCD. However, the correlation is weaker than that noted by previous studies done on the general population. Longitudinal studies of VCD:AL in the younger age group is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Paritala
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nripen Gaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS-Bilaspur, India
| | - Deepak Soni
- Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS-Bhopal, India
| | - Mohammad Hasnat Ali
- Clinical Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anubha Rathi
- The Cornea Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Lai W, Wu X, Liang H. Identification of the Potential Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Lens Changes of High Myopia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2867-2875. [PMID: 35300133 PMCID: PMC8922318 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hao Liang, Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Longitudinal analysis of 5-year refractive changes in a large Japanese population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2879. [PMID: 35190604 PMCID: PMC8861094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive changes are reportedly affected by age, sex, and current refractive error. To clarify the pattern of refractive changes in a Japanese population, we conducted a 5-year follow-up longitudinal analysis of spherical equivalent (SE) refractive changes with stratification by sex, age, and SE in 593,273 eyes from Japanese individuals ages 3–91 years. The 5-year SE change with myopic shift dramatically increased over time after age 4 years, and the largest change was observed in both males and females who were age 8 years at baseline [males: − 2.654 ± 0.048 diopters (D); females: − 3.110 ± 0.038 D]. During school age, the 5-year myopic change was greater in females than in males, and emmetropic and low-to-moderate myopic eyes underwent larger myopic changes than hyperopic and high-to-severe myopic eyes. After the peak at age 8 years, the 5-year myopic change gradually declined with age and fell below − 0.25 D at age 27 in males and age 26 years in females. The 5-year SE changes transitioned from a myopic to a hyperopic shift at age 51 in both sexes, and hyperopization advanced more quickly in hyperopic eyes. Our findings highlight the importance of myopia prevention in school-aged children.
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16
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Wasser LM, Tsessler M, Weill Y, Zadok D, Abulafia A. Ocular Biometric Characteristics Measured by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Individuals Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:38-47. [PMID: 34314687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the distribution of ocular biometric parameters using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer in adult candidates for cataract surgery. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS This is a single-center analysis of consecutive eyes measured with the IOLMaster 700 SS-OCT biometer at a large tertiary medical center between February 2018 and June 2020. RESULTS Three thousand eight hundred thirty-six eyes of 3836 patients were included in the study. The mean ± SD age was 72.3 ± 12.8 years and 53% were female. The mean biometric values were as follows: total corneal power (44.17 ± 1.70 diopters [D]), total corneal astigmatism (TCA; 1.11 ± 0.87 D), mean posterior keratometry (-5.87 ± 0.26 D), posterior corneal astigmatism (-0.26 ± 0.15 D), axial length (AL; 23.95 ± 1.66 mm), anterior chamber depth (ACD; 3.18 ± 0.42 mm), lens thickness (LT; 4.49 ± 0.47 mm), white-to-white distance (WTW; 11.92 ± 0.44 mm), central corneal thickness (CCT; 0.54 ± 0.04 mm), angle alpha (0.49 ± 0.17 mm), and angle kappa (0.34 ± 0.17 mm). There were sex-related differences in all biometric parameters save for LT (P = .440), angle kappa (P = .216), and corneal astigmatism (P = .103). Biometric parameters demonstrated correlations between AL, WTW distance, ACD, and LT (P < .001). Age correlated with all parameters (P < .001) except CCT and posterior keratometry. Angle alpha and angle kappa magnitudes also correlated (P < .001). The prevalence of patients with TCA ≥0.75 D, 1.0 D, and 1.5 D were 59.1%, 43.4%, and 22.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age significantly correlated with most of the biometric parameters and significant differences between sexes were noted. In addition, the high prevalence of TCA and relatively large angle alpha and angle kappa magnitudes were noted among subjects. These data can be relevant in planning local and national health economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Wasser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Maria Tsessler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yishay Weill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zadok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Abulafia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Liu G, Rong H, Zhang P, Xue Y, Du B, Wang B, Hu J, Chen Z, Wei R. The Effect of Axial Length Elongation on Corneal Biomechanical Property. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:777239. [PMID: 34926423 PMCID: PMC8677453 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.777239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the correlation between the corneal biomechanical parameter stress-strain index (SSI) and axial length (AL) in moderately elongated eye (MEE) and severely elongated eye (SEE). Methods: This study included 117 eyes from 117 participants. Among them, 59 (50.4%) had MEE (AL<26 mm) and 58 (49.6%) had SEE (AL≥26 mm). AL was measured using Lenstar LS-900, and central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured using Pentacam. SSI was measured via corneal visualisation Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t-test, and Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used for statistical analyses. Results: The mean (±SD) SSI was 1.08 ± 0.15 in the MEE group and 0.92 ± 0.13 in the SEE group (p < 0.01). SSI was positively correlated with age (MEE: r = 0.326, p < 0.05; SEE: r = 0.298, p < 0.05) in both groups; it was negatively correlated with AL (r = −0.476, p < 0.001) in the MEE group but not in the SEE group (p > 0.05). CCT was negatively correlated with AL (r = −0.289, p < 0.05) and ACV positively correlated with AL (r = 0.444, p < 0.001) in the MEE group. Neither CCT nor ACV was correlated with AL (p > 0.05) in the SEE group. Conclusion: Corneal biomechanical parameter SSI, which represents the stiffness of corneal tissue, was lower in the SEE group than in the MEE group. When analyzed separately, SSI was negatively correlated with AL in the MEE group, but not in the SEE group, which may provide insight into different ocular growth patterns between lower myopia and higher myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiamei Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Sun Y, Wei S, Li S, Cao K, Hu J, Yang X, Lin C, An W, Guo J, Li H, Fu J, Wang N. Distribution of ocular biometry in young Chinese eyes: The Anyang University Students Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:621-627. [PMID: 33326192 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of ocular biometric parameters and its association to refraction in university students in central China. METHODS Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry power (K), anterior chamber depth (AQD) and lens thickness (LT) were measured by an optical biometry in a cohort of university students. Corneal radius of curvature (CR), lens position (LP), lens power (PBennett ), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and AL to corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) were calculated. Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor. RESULTS A total of 7650 undergraduate students participated in this study, with a mean age of 20.0 ± 1.4 years. The following ocular biometric parameters were measured: AL (24.78 ± 1.21 mm), CCT (539.83 ± 33.03 μm), AQD (3.23 ± 0.25 mm), LT (3.47 ± 0.18 mm), CR (7.79 ± 0.27 mm), LP (4.97 ± 0.23 mm), VCD (17.55 ± 1.15 mm), PBennett (25.00 ± 1.07 dioptres) and AL/CR (3.18 ± 0.15). Male subjects were found to have longer AL, thicker CCT, flatter CR, thinner lens, deeper AQD and VCD than female ones. Myopic subjects were found to have longer AL, thinner CCT, steeper CR, thinner and posterior lens, deeper AQD and VCD, lower PBennett and larger AL/CR than emmetropes and hyperopes. Spherical equivalent (SE) showed a negative correlation with AL/CR (r = -0.914), AL (r = -0.755) and VCD (r = -0.751). CONCLUSIONS This study provided a range of reference values for the main ocular biometric parameters in young adults and reported their distributions based on gender and refractive status. Our study indicates that SE has a strong correlation with AL/CR ratio, AL and VCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shiming Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wenzai An
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
| | - Jiyuan Guo
- Anyang Eye Hospital Henan Province China
| | - He Li
- Anyang Eye Hospital Henan Province China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing China
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Rakusiewicz K, Kanigowska K, Hautz W, Ziółkowska L. Choroidal thickness changes in children with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2167-2177. [PMID: 33966146 PMCID: PMC8172512 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate choroidal thickness (CTh) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare their values to those of healthy children. METHODS Sixty eyes of thirty children (mean age 9.9 ± 3.57 years) with chronic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF ≤ 55%) due to DCM lasting for over 6 months were prospectively enrolled. The control group consisted of 30 age- (mean age 10.16 ± 3.42 years) and sex-matched healthy children. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography with LVEF measured using the Simpson method and had the blood serum level of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide marker (NT-proBNP) determined. All children underwent SD-OCT and had subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCTh) and CTh measured at 1500 µm (μm) nasally, temporally, superiorly and inferiorly from the fovea in both eyes by two investigators. RESULTS CTh at all locations was statistically significantly lower in children with DCM compared to the control group. Mean CTh in the group with CHF compared to the control group were (304.03 vs. 369.72 μm, p < 0.05) at the subfoveal location, (245.87 vs. 284 μm, p < 0.05) 1500 μm nasally from the fovea, (291.5 vs. 355.95 μm, p < 0.05) 1500 μm temporally from the fovea, (303.98 vs. 357.58 μm, p < 0.05) 1500 μm superiorly from the fovea and (290.92 vs. 344.96 μm, p < 0.05) 1500 μm inferiorly from the fovea. The average difference CTh between the study groups ranged from 38.13 to 65.69 μm at individual locations. In both groups, CTh was the thickest at subfoveal location (304.03 vs. 369.72 μm, p < 0.05) and the thinnest was 1500 μm nasally from the fovea (262.37 vs. 336.87 μm, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between CTh and age, gender, biometry and refractive error. No correlation was found between CTh and LVEF and NT-proBNP. CONCLUSION Patients with CHF due to DCM had a thinner CTh at all measured locations. The results of our research indicate that CHF affects CTh and this parameter may be very helpful in monitoring the clinical course of the disease in children with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Rakusiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Kanigowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hautz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Ziółkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Bian X, Guo Y, Guo S, Zhang S, Zhang G, Liu L, Yang Y, Liu J. Strehl Ratio and Myopia in Chinese Adolescents: The Tuyou County Pediatric Eye (TYPE) Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1541-1546. [PMID: 33948089 PMCID: PMC8088292 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s307898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the relationships between property of the visual quality, Strehl ratio (SR) and the degree of myopia. Methods A total of 444 anatomically normal eyes of 222 adolescents were enrolled in the TYPE study. Based on spherical equivalent (SE), subjects were divided into four groups: emmetropia/control (SE: +0.75 to −0.75 D), low myopia (SE: −0.75 to −3.00D), moderate myopia (SE: −3.00 to −5.00D), high myopia (SE: <−5.00D). Axial length (AL) was measured. SR was attained with an OPD-III SCAN and calculated under a 3 mm pupil diameter. Results The overall SR (mean ± SD) was 0.40 ± 0.08. Among all included eyes, the SR in eyes with the emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia was 0.80 ± 0.11, 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.21 ± 0.11, and 0.11 ± 0.02, respectively. Furthermore, the K2 in eyes with the emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia was 43.83±1.50, 43.96±1.37, 43.4±5.52, and 45.16±1.43, respectively. Significant differences were detected within the four groups in terms of SR and K2 (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that AL negatively affected SR independently (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings provide a useful basis for the conclusion that myopia affects visual quality SR in Chinese adolescents. Besides, when performing visual quality SR, axial length must be taken into consideration, as it will influence SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Bian
- Department of Ocular Surface, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Guo
- Department of Cataract Surgery, Ninghai Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315615, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Guo
- Department of Retina, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Department of Retina, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Cataract, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
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Aberrant TGF-β1 signaling activation by MAF underlies pathological lens growth in high myopia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2102. [PMID: 33833231 PMCID: PMC8032689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Myopia progression may lead to pathological changes of lens and affect the outcome of lens surgery, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we find an increased lens size in highly myopic eyes associated with up-regulation of β/γ-crystallin expressions. Similar findings are replicated in two independent mouse models of high myopia. Mechanistic studies show that the transcription factor MAF plays an essential role in up-regulating β/γ-crystallins in high myopia, by direct activation of the crystallin gene promoters and by activation of TGF-β1-Smad signaling. Our results establish lens morphological and molecular changes as a characteristic feature of high myopia, and point to the dysregulation of the MAF-TGF-β1-crystallin axis as an underlying mechanism, providing an insight for therapeutic interventions. High myopia is associated with lens changes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show increased equatorial diameter of the lens in subjects affected by high myopia, and find that these changes are associated with an increase in crystallin expression driven by the transcription factor MAF and TGF-β1 signaling.
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22
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Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer, and Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma Suspects With Varying Myopia. J Glaucoma 2021; 30:e213-e221. [PMID: 33731645 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PRCIS Myopic glaucoma suspects, particularly with high myopia, experience thinning of nontemporal parameters of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), without change in optic nerve head (ONH) parameters. PURPOSE The aim was to assess the effect of myopia on RNFL, GCIPL, and ONH parameters in glaucoma suspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six eyes of glaucoma suspects studied with Cirrus high definition optical coherence tomography were divided into low (n=27), moderate (n=25), and high myopia (n=24) groups. Optical coherence tomography parameters were correlated with spherical equivalent (SE) and evaluated with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for quantifying diagnostic ability to differentiate high myopia from nonhigh myopia. RESULTS In high myopia, SE was positively correlated with thinning of average, minimum, and nontemporal GCIPL and thinning of average and nontemporal RNFL (P<0.05 for all), but not for inferior RNFL (P=0.28). In moderate myopia, SE was correlated with thinning of inferonasal and minimum GCIPL as well as superior and inferior RNFL (P<0.05 for all). SE was not correlated with ONH parameters in moderate or high myopia (P>0.05). The largest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for RNFL and GCIPL parameters were for superior (0.82) and superonasal (0.80) regions, respectively, with comparable diagnostic ability (P=0.74). CONCLUSION High myopia, in particular, is associated with thinning of average RNFL, average and minimum GCIPL, and nontemporal parameters of both RNFL and GCIPL, warranting consideration of refractive status in glaucoma suspects.
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Guo Y, Pang Y, Kang Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu L. Correlations among peripapillary vasculature, macular superficial capillaries, and eye structure in healthy and myopic eyes of Chinese young adults (STROBE). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22171. [PMID: 32925785 PMCID: PMC7489708 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlations between retinal vessel distribution, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and other myopic eye structural parameters remains elusive. This study aims to investigate retinal vasculature and eye structure correlations in healthy and myopic eyes of Chinese young adults.In this cross-sectional study, 181 eyes (97 adults) were recruited. Macular and peripapillary vasculature was quantified by optical coherence tomography angiography. Correlations between retinal vasculature and eye structure were analyzed using multivariable linear regression.There were significant differences in ACD, spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), superficial macular vascular density (MVD), peripapillary vascular density (PVD) and circumference of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) among emmetropia, low-myopia, moderate-myopia, and high-myopia groups (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, ACD had significant positive correlation with AL and FAZ, but negative correlation with PVD. MVD also had a negative correlation with AL (beta = -0.247, P < .001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between circumference of the FAZ and spherical equivalent as well as central subfield thickness (beta = -0.20, P = .005; beta = -0.334, P < .001, respectively).The degree of myopia affected ACD, MVD, PVD, and circumference of the FAZ in eyes of young healthy adults. Meanwhile, ACD has a positive, while retinal vascular system measurements have a negative correlation with increasing severity of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Guo
- Department of ophthalmology, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou
| | - Yunlei Pang
- Department of ophthalmology, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital, Chifeng
| | - YanJie Kang
- Department of ophthalmology, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lee JTL, Guo X, Li Z, Jong M, Sankaridurg P, He M. Progression and Longitudinal Biometric Changes in Highly Myopic Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:34. [PMID: 32334434 PMCID: PMC7401968 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine 2-year progression rate and associated biometric changes in highly myopic eyes. Methods This is a longitudinal, observational cohort study that included 657 participants aged 7 to 70 years with bilateral high myopia (≤-6.00 diopters [D]) and followed for 2 years. All participants underwent ocular biometry and cycloplegic refraction examinations. Main outcome measures were changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SE) and ocular biometry in the right eyes. Results Mean age of participants was 21.6 ± 12.2 years. At baseline, mean SE was -9.82 ± 3.28 D and ocular biometric measurements were 27.40 ± 1.56 mm for axial length, 3.16 ± 0.27 mm for anterior chamber depth, 3.60 ± 0.35 mm for lens thickness, and 20.09 ± 1.50 mm for vitreous chamber depth. After 2 years of follow-up, there was a trend toward more myopia and greater axial elongation in all age groups. Younger participants (≤20 years) had significantly (P < 0.001) greater rates of myopic shift and axial elongation compared with older participants (>20 years). However, highly myopic adults aged 40 to 70 years continued to demonstrate refractive progression, particularly if they had extremely high myopia (≤-10.00 D). In the multiple regression analysis, each additional diopter of myopia at baseline was associated with a 11% higher risk of a >1.00-D/y myopic shift (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.18; P = 0.002). Conclusions Longitudinal data from this large Chinese cohort suggest that highly myopic eyes continue to progress in SE throughout life, with the greatest rates of progression observed in younger participants. Axial elongation rates appeared to stabilize after 20 years of age and were predominantly due to an increase in the vitreous chamber depth. Other risk factors for a myopic shift included a higher degree of myopic refraction at baseline.
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Gaurisankar ZS, Rijn GA, Lima JEE, Ilgenfritz AP, Cheng Y, Haasnoot GW, Luyten GP, Beenakker JM. Correlations between ocular biometrics and refractive error: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:735-743. [PMID: 31386806 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of correlations between different biometric parameters is essential for personalized eye care in the field of cataract and refractive surgery. This systematic review offers a clear overview of the previous literature assessing these correlations including a meta-analysis. The review is focused on the following five correlations: (1) axial length and refractive error; (2) anterior chamber depth and refractive error; (3) axial length and anterior chamber depth; (4) corneal power and refractive error; (5) corneal power and axial length. An expected strong correlation between axial length and refractive error was found. Correlations including corneal power were weak and might be clinically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwyneth A. Rijn
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - José Eduardo E. Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Antonio P. Ilgenfritz
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Medical School Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Yanny Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Geert W. Haasnoot
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan‐Willem M. Beenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology C.J. Gorter Center for High‐Field MRILeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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26
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Mori K, Kurihara T, Jiang X, Ikeda SI, Ishida A, Torii H, Tsubota K. Effects of Hyperoxia on the Refraction in Murine Neonatal and Adult Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236014. [PMID: 31795325 PMCID: PMC6928741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether hyperoxia affects the refraction in neonatal and adult mice is unknown. The mice exposed to 85% oxygen at postnatal 8 days (P8d) for 3 days and the mice exposed to normal air were assigned to the neonatal hyperoxia and normoxia groups, respectively. The refraction, the corneal curvature radius (CR) and the axial length (AL) were measured at P30d and P47d. Postnatal 6 weeks (P6w) adult mice were divided into the adult hyperoxia and normoxia groups. These parameters were measured before oxygen exposure, after 1 and 6 weeks, and every 7 weeks. The lens elasticity was measured at P7w and P26w by enucleation. The neonatal hyperoxia group showed a significantly larger myopic change than the neonatal normoxia group (P47d −6.56 ± 5.89 D, +4.11 ± 2.02 D, p < 0.001), whereas the changes in AL were not significantly different (P47d, 3.31 ± 0.04 mm, 3.31 ± 0.05 mm, p = 0.852). The adult hyperoxia group also showed a significantly larger myopic change (P12w, −7.20 ± 4.09 D, +7.52 ± 2.54 D, p < 0.001). The AL did not show significant difference (P12w, 3.44 ± 0.03 mm, 3.43 ± 0.01 mm, p = 0.545); however, the CR in the adult hyperoxia group was significantly smaller than the adult normoxia group (P12w, 1.44 ± 0.03 mm, 1.50 ± 0.03 mm, p = 0.003). In conclusion, hyperoxia was demonstrated to induce myopic shift both in neonatal and adult mice, which was attributed to the change in the CR rather than the AL. Elucidation of the mechanisms of hyperoxia and the application of this result to humans should be carried out in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (K.T.); Tel.: +81-3-5363-3204 (T.K.); +81-3-5363-3269 (K.T.)
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayako Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (X.J.); (S.-i.I.); (A.I.); (H.T.)
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Keio University Shinanomachi Campus 2-5F, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (K.T.); Tel.: +81-3-5363-3204 (T.K.); +81-3-5363-3269 (K.T.)
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27
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Chang CK, Lin JT, Zhang Y. Correlation analysis and multiple regression formulas of refractive errors and ocular components. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:858-861. [PMID: 31131250 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple regression formulas and correlation of ocular components with refractive errors are presented by Gaussian optics. The refractive error changing rate for the cornea and lens power, the axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) are calculated, including nonlinear terms for more accurate rate functions than the linear theory. Our theory, consistent with the empirical data, shows that the Pearson correlation coefficients for spherical equivalent (SE) and ocular components are highest for SE with axial length, ACD and VCD and weakest for corneal power, lens power and lens thickness. Moreover, our regression formulas show the asymmetric feature of the correlation that the axial length, ACD and VCD are more strongly correlated (with higher negative regression constants) with refractive errors in eyes with hyperopia than in eyes with myopia, particularly for severe hyperopia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jui-Teng Lin
- New Vision Inc., Taipei 103, Taiwan, China.,Gong-Rui Medical Technology, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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Breher K, García García M, Ohlendorf A, Wahl S. The effect of the optical design of multifocal contact lenses on choroidal thickness. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207637. [PMID: 30444900 PMCID: PMC6239323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found reduced myopia progression with multifocal contact lenses, albeit with an unclear mechanism behind their protective effect. It is hypothesized that the induced myopic defocus of the addition zones of the multifocal contact lenses leads to choroidal thickening and therefore inhibits eye growth. In the current study, the effect of the optical design of multifocal contact lenses on choroidal thickness was investigated. Eighteen myopic participants wore four different contact lenses ((1) single-vision lenses corrected for distance, (2) single-vision lenses with +2.50 D full-field defocus, (3) Multifocal center-distance design, (4) Multifocal center-near design, both with addition power +2.50 D) for 30 min each on their right eye. Automated analysis of the macular choroidal thickness and vitreous chamber depth were performed before and after the wear of each of the contact lenses. Peripheral refraction profiles in primary gaze were obtained using eccentric photorefraction prior to contact lens wear. Choroidal thickness and vitreous chamber depth showed no significant differences to baseline with any of the contact lenses (all p > 0.05). Choroidal thickness increased by +2.1 ± 11.1 μm with the Multifocal center-distance design, by +2.0 ± 11.1 μm with the full-field defocus lens, followed by the Multifocal center-near design with +1.6 ± 11.3 μm and the single-vision contact lens correcting for distance with +0.9 ± 11.2 μm. Multifocal contact lenses have no significant influence on choroidal thickness after short-term wear. Therefore, changes in choroidal thickness might not be the main contributor to the protective effect of multifocal contact lenses in myopia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breher
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Miguel García García
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Arne Ohlendorf
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
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Four-year change in ocular biometric components and refraction in schoolchildren: A cohort study. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018; 31:206-213. [PMID: 31317101 PMCID: PMC6611926 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine 4-year changes of ocular biometric and dioptric components in Iranian children aged 7-11 years following the first phase. Methods 468 children were evaluated in the first phase of the study in 2012 and again in 2016-2017. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was applied to select the participants. The Topcon autorefractometer and the LENSTAR/BioGraph biometer (WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany) were used for cycloplegic refraction and biometry, respectively. All measurements were repeated at 4 years as the baseline assessments. Results Of 468 children, 251 (53.6%) were boys. Spherical equivalent (SE) showed a marked myopic shift (P = 0.000) in the second phase which was significantly higher in boys (0.24 vs. 0.18 D) (P < 0.001). Axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) increased by 0.49 ± 0.05 and 0.12 ± 0.02 mm, while lens thickness (LT) and lens power (LP) decreased by 0.08 ± 0.01 mm and 1.59 ± 0.12 D, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean corneal curvature and thickness did not change significantly during 4 years. All biometric component changes were greater in boys. Biometric changes in different age groups showed a decreased LP, increased AL, and increased ACD in most age groups (P < 0.05), while LT and SE did not change significantly in the age groups 9 and 11 years and 8 and 9 years, respectively. Changes in the corneal thickness, diameter, curvature, and refractive astigmatism were not significant in any of the age groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Statistical and clinical changes were seen in AL, ACD, LP, and LT. The changes observed in biometric components (AL, ACD, and LT) had a sinus rhythm.
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Alrajhi LS, Bokhary KA, Al-Saleh AA. Measurement of anterior segment parameters in Saudi adults with myopia. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2018; 32:194-199. [PMID: 30224882 PMCID: PMC6137826 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure anterior segment parameters of the eye in myopic Saudi population using Pentacam. Method This is retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high myopia groups. Anterior segment parameters including: central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), apex corneal thickness (Apex CT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and corneal astigmatism (CA) were measured by Pentacam. Results A total of 504 eyes of 252 Saudi subjects with myopia were included in this study. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of subjects was 28.73 ± 6.18 years. The mean CCT, TCT, Apex CT, CV, ACD, ACV and CA for all myopic subjects were 557.21 ± 29.36, 554.09 ± 29.28, 556.10 ± 37.06, 61.30 ± 3.23 μm, 3.31 ± 0.27 mm, 211.15 ± 34.22 mm3 and 0.89 ± 0.52 D, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found between right and left eyes in all anterior segment parameters of all myopic eyes. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in ACD between low (3.27 ± 0.26 mm) and moderate (3.35 ± 0.30 mm) myopic groups. Within low myopia group, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in ACD, ACV and CA between different genders. Anterior chamber depth and ACV values were lower in females while CA was lower in males. In addition, significant positive correlation was found between ACV and ACD in all myopic groups. Conclusion This study provided valuable measurements of the anterior segments parameters of the eye in myopic Saudi population. These parameters could be useful for ophthalmic practitioners in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain S Alrajhi
- Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud A Bokhary
- Optometry and Vision Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dogan M, Elgin U, Sen E, Tekin K, Yilmazbas P. Comparison of anterior segment parameters and axial lengths of myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic children. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 39:335-340. [PMID: 29285706 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the anterior segment parameters of myopic, hyperopic, and emmetropic children by using optical biometry. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study included 150 eyes of 150 children between 6 and 16 years old. The eyes were divided into three groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error values as myopic [between - 1.0 and - 6.0 diopter (D)], emmetropic (between + 0.50 and - 0.50 D), and hyperopic (between + 1. 0 and + 3.0 D). Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and mean keratometry (K mean) measurements were obtained by an optical biometry (LenStar LS 900, Haag Streit Diagnostics) were compared between the groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences regarding the ages and genders of the participants between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean SE refractive error values were - 2.20 ± 0.71 D in myopic, - 0.08 ± 0.49 D in emmetropic, and + 2.06 ± 0.53 D in hyperopic eyes. The mean AL values were 24.50 ± 0.69, 23.41 ± 0.61, and 22.33 ± 0.61 mm, respectively, in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic eyes (p < 0.001). The mean ACD values were 3.94 ± 0.22, 3.78 ± 0.23, and 3.45 ± 0.20 mm, respectively, in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic eyes (p < 0.001). The mean LT values were 3.56 ± 0.20, 3.43 ± 0.17, and 3.31 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic eyes (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other parameters between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Refractive errors are the main factors those affect anterior segment parameters and AL in children and the most severely affected parameters were found to be the AL, ACD, and LT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmethan Dogan
- Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Elgin
- Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Sen
- Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
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Biometric evaluation of myopic eyes without posterior staphyloma: disproportionate ocular growth. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2427-2434. [PMID: 29067532 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate changes in the anterior segment of myopic eyes and assess anterior biometry as a function of axial length (AL). DESIGN Retrospective investigational study. PARTICIPANTS Patients evaluated for phakic intraocular lens surgery at a tertiary eye care centre. METHODS Patients with corrected visual acuity > 20/40 and AL > 24.5 mm were included in the study. Posterior staphyloma and maculopathy were ruled out in all the patients, and 176 eyes were included for analysis. AL was measured with partial coherence interferometry, while keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and horizontal white to white (WTW) were measured with slit-scanning topography. Group 1 included 55 eyes with AL < 26.5 mm, group 2 had 57 eyes with AL between 26.5 and 28.5 mm while group 3 had 64 eyes with AL > 28.5 mm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Correlation of AL with anterior biometry. RESULTS The mean AL of the study eyes was 27.88 + 2.14 mm. The mean values of ACD (2.99 mm), CCT (0.52 mm), WTW (11.68 mm), and keratometry (43.62 D) were within the normal range. Overall, very weak correlations could be established between AL and CCT (R = 0.17, p = 0.02), AL and keratometry (R = - 0.28, p < 0.001), and AL and WTW (R = 0.22, p = 0.002), while ACD did not relate to AL significantly. The ACD and CCT did not relate significantly to AL in any of the three groups. Keratometry had a weak negative relation with AL in groups 1 and 2, while WTW had a weakly positive relation with AL in group 2 only. No variable had any significant relation with AL in group 3. CONCLUSION There is disproportionate elongation of the eyeball in myopic patients with very weak or no correlation between anterior biometry and AL. This discord is more in longer eyes. Such a scenario can be challenging to a refractive surgeon treating highly myopic eyes and needs further evaluation.
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