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Wassif GO, Abdelsalam A, Eldin WS, Abdel-Hamid MA, Damaty SI. Work-related injuries and illnesses among kitchen workers at two major students' hostels. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:16. [PMID: 38972944 PMCID: PMC11228010 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kitchen workers face a disproportionately high risk of injuries and illnesses. Yet, despite the ubiquity of kitchen-related injuries, there has been a relative lack of comprehensive research on this topic, particularly in developing countries. Ain Shams University, as a prestigious educational institution with its diverse kitchen staff, provides an ideal setting for studying the challenges faced in professional kitchens. This study aims to measure the prevalence of work-related injuries and illnesses among kitchen workers of two major students' hostels at Ain Shams University in Cairo and to explore their risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study involving kitchen staff from two hostels that house students at the university was carried out in 2021. The study involved all kitchen staff in the dorms for students (n = 128). Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS The findings showed a significant prevalence of work-related illnesses (81.3%) and injuries (77.3%) among restaurant employees. Age, education, and job type all had a statistically significant relationship with the frequency of work-related injuries over the previous year. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between age, job type, and the frequency of diseases among kitchen workers (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Cooks and other food service employees are more susceptible to occupational diseases and injuries in the workplace. Restaurants and the university hostel authorities should implement preventative measures and policies to lower the risk of harm among these employees by offering occupational health and safety services such as training and education programs, personal protective equipment, and regular health examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada O Wassif
- Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Abdelsalam
- Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed Salah Eldin
- Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia I Damaty
- Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Yang Y, Tang Q, Zheng L, Lou H, Chen H, Yang Q. The Chemical Composition Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Cooking Fume Condensates from Residential Kitchens in Different Regions of China. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010106. [PMID: 36613322 PMCID: PMC9818279 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the similarities and differences of volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) in cooking fumes (COF) of residential buildings in different regions of China, as well as to evaluate their potential health risks. COF condensates were collected from 10 representative cities in China and analyzed by a GC-MS method. Their effects on α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were then detected to evaluate potential health risks. A total of 174 kinds of VOCs, including aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acid, were identified. There were 59 identical compounds in the northern and southern regions, and 56 common compounds in spicy and non-spicy regions. Health risk assessment results showed that COF condensate could inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase to varying degrees (61.73-129.25%), suggesting that it had a potential risk of causing hypoglycemia. Daily and 3 and 6 month intakes of COF in minors, adults, and the elderly had both activated and inhibited effects on AchE. The activated effect in the southern and spicy areas was higher than that in northern and non-spicy areas, revealing that different regions and dietary habits had different effects on the risk of neurological diseases caused by changes in AchE activity. For minors, adults, and the elderly, COF had different degrees of activation of LDH at different exposure times and regions. Activation in the northern and non-spicy areas was higher than that in southern and spicy areas, suggesting that the health risks caused by changes in LDH activity levels were significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Liting Zheng
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Hongwei Lou
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Q.Y.)
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Lu W, Wang LA, Mann J, Jenny A, Romero C, Kuster A, Canuz E, Pillarisetti A, Smith KR, Balmes J, Thompson L. Biomass Smoke Exposure and Atopy among Young Children in the Western Highlands of Guatemala: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14064. [PMID: 36360942 PMCID: PMC9656762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Women and children in rural regions of low-income countries are exposed to high levels of household air pollution (HAP) as they traditionally tend to household chores such as cooking with biomass fuels. Early life exposure to air pollution is associated with aeroallergen sensitization and developing allergic diseases at older ages. This prospective cohort study assigned HAP-reducing chimney stoves to 557 households in rural Guatemala at different ages of the study children. The children's air pollution exposure was measured using personal CO diffusion tubes. Allergic outcomes at 4-5 years old were assessed using skin prick tests and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based questionnaires. Children assigned to improved stoves before 6 months old had the lowest HAP exposure compared to the other groups. Longer exposure to the unimproved stoves was associated with higher risks of maternal-reported allergic asthma (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.11-5.48) and rhinitis symptoms (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13-3.58). No significant association was found for sensitization to common allergens such as dust mites and cockroaches based on skin prick tests. Reducing HAP by improving biomass burning conditions might be beneficial in preventing allergic diseases among children in rural low-income populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Lu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Laura Ann Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer Mann
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alisa Jenny
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carolina Romero
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Andrea Kuster
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eduardo Canuz
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirk R. Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John Balmes
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lisa Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Mogal MR, Islam MD, Hasan MI, Junayed A, Sompa SA, Mahmod MR, Akter A, Abedin MZ, Sikder MA. The impact of wood dust on pulmonary function and blood immunoglobulin E, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐ reactive protein: A cross‐sectional study among sawmill workers in Tangail, Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e646. [PMID: 35620547 PMCID: PMC9124949 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Occupational exposure to wood dust leads to lung function abnormalities that are prominent causes of morbidity and disability of sawmill workers. The adverse respiratory effects of wood dust in sawmills have not been studied thoroughly in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the effect of wood dust on the respiratory health of sawmill workers compared to controls as well as to determine the association of wood dust‐exposing effects with inflammatory blood biomarkers, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Methods This cross‐sectional study included 100 sawmill workers from 25 distinct sawmills in various areas of Tangail, Bangladesh as well as 100 healthy volunteers who were adopted as a control group. Questionaries' survey and pulmonary function tests were performed face to face. Furthermore, after performing lung function tests, blood was drawn for further IgE, ESR, and CRP analyses. Results Respiratory symptoms including breathlessness (32%), coughing (39%), sneezing (43%), chest tightness (30%), and itching (40%) were significantly higher in sawmill workers compared with control. Besides, sawmill workers' exposure to wood dust revealed a significantly lower level of spirometry parameters (forced vital capacity [FVC], FVC (%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], FEV1 (%), peak expiratory flow [PEF], PEF (%), FEV1/FVC (%), FEF25, FEF75, and FEF2575) compared with control and these spirometry parameters decreased with the increasing length of service. Moreover, a significantly higher level of IgE was observed in sawmill workers (290.90 ± 39.49) than in the control (120.95 ± 23.00). The high level of IgE suggests that the lower pulmonary function may be linked to allergic responses to wood dust among sawmill workers. Conclusion This study suggested that exposure to wood dust can cause impairment of respiratory function along with high IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Roman Mogal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Md. Didarul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ikbal Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Asadullah Junayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Sagarika Adhikary Sompa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rashel Mahmod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zainul Abedin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
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Exposure to Wood Smoke and Associated Health Effects in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:32. [PMID: 32211302 PMCID: PMC7082829 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggest that exposure to wood smoke is associated with a variety of adverse health effects in humans. Objective We aimed to summarise evidence from sub-Saharan Africa on levels of exposure to pollutants in wood smoke and the association between such exposures and adverse health outcomes. Methods PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting personal exposure levels to pollutants or health outcomes associated with wood smoke exposure in Sub-Saharan African population. Results Mean personal PM2.5 and carbon monoxide levels in the studies ranged from 26.3 ± 1.48 μg/m3 to 1574 ± 287μg/m3 and from 0.64 ± 2.12 ppm to 22 ± 2.4 ppm, respectively. All the reported personal PM2.5 exposure levels were higher than the World Health Organization's Air Quality Guideline (AQG) for 24-hour mean exposure. Use of wood fuels in domestic cooking is the major source of wood smoke exposure in this population. Occupational exposure to wood smoke included the use of wood fuels in bakery, fish drying, cassava processing and charcoal production. Females were exposed to higher levels of these pollutants than males of the same age range. Major determinants for higher exposure to wood smoke in SSA included use of unprocessed firewood, female gender and occupational exposure. We recorded strong and consistent associations between exposure to wood smoke and respiratory diseases including acute respiratory illness and impaired lung function. Positive associations were reported for increased blood pressure, low birth weight, oesophageal cancer, sick building syndrome, non-syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate and under-five mortality. Conclusion There is high level of exposure to wood smoke in SSA and this exposure is associated with a number of adverse health effects. There is urgent need for aggressive programs to reduce wood smoke exposure in this population.
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K. Hosseini D, Malekshahi Nejad V, Sun H, K. Hosseini H, Adeli SH, Wang T. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes among non-smoker male wood workers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224860. [PMID: 32187180 PMCID: PMC7080227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effects of workplace exposure to hardwood dust on lung function and determine a prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wood workers. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and methods Two hundred seventy-six, non-smoker male wood workers and equal number of non-smoker male office workers, referred to pulmonology clinic included in this study. Evaluation of study participants included completion of a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms and baseline spirometry was measured according to the actual recommendations. Results Respiratory symptoms including cough, phlegm, chest tightness, and wheezing were significantly higher in wood workers than office workers (40.2% versus 29.3% for cough, p = 0.0073; 40.6% versus 23.6% for phlegm, p<0.0001; 38.0% versus 23.1% for chest tightness, p = 0.0001; 25.3% versus 14.5% for wheezing, p = 0.0014). No statistically significant differences were observed for Dyspnea, and upper respiratory tract symptoms among wood workers compared to office workers. While wood workers were more likely to require spirometry test than office workers (21.4% versus 5.4%, p<0.001) the obstructive changes were more prevalent on spirometry test in wood workers (71.4% obstructive pattern versus 28.6% restrictive pattern). Spirometry test revealed the mean values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly lower in the wood workers, compared to their mean values in the control group. Conclusion Respiratory symptoms associated with work, are more prevalent among wood workers than office workers. Our data revealed that workplace exposure to hardwood dust may compromise respiratory function, indicating the importance and the need for optimizing preventive measures in workplace to protect the respiratory health among exposed workers. Obstructive changes on pulmonary function test is a dominant pathologic pattern in pulmonary function test among wood workers. Further investigation is required by current available tools such as nasal cytology to detect influence of wood dust exposure on the upper respiratory airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood K. Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DKH); (TW)
| | | | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Hanieh K. Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Seyyed Hassan Adeli
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail: (DKH); (TW)
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Svedahl SR, Hilt B, Svendsen K. Work environment factors and respiratory complaints in Norwegian cooks. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:205-212. [PMID: 31531780 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Norwegian cooks exhibit relatively high mortality, particularly from respiratory diseases. Both occupational hazards and lifestyle factors have been suggested as possible explanations. Negative health effects from exposure to cooking fumes are well documented in non-Western populations, and it has been claimed that cooking fumes in Western style cooking might be substantially different. We hypothesise that exposure to cooking fumes contributes to respiratory diseases also in professional cooks in Western countries. The aim of this study was to elucidate if specific work environment factors related to cooking fume exposure are determinants for respiratory morbidity in Norwegian cooks. METHODS We surveyed specific work environment factors and respiratory complaints in 553 subjects that were currently working as skilled cooks. Inclusion was based on the register of people that had graduated as skilled cooks in central Norway between 1988 and 2008. Determinants for the occurrence of respiratory complaints were explored by logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 17.2% of subjects reported respiratory complaints at work, while 8.1% had chronic bronchitis. Those who performed frying for over half of their workday exhibited an increased odds ratio for having chronic bronchitis of 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.3). Using gas for frying and using a fryer in the kitchen were also related to the occurrence of respiratory complaints. CONCLUSIONS This study in Norwegian cooks demonstrates a relationship between the extent of frying and the occurrence of work-related respiratory complaints. Therefore, reducing exposure to cooking fumes could reduce respiratory complaints in cooks, and potentially help alleviate excess morbidity and mortality in this occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Rabben Svedahl
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Svendsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Juntarawijit C. Peak expiratory flow rate and chronic respiratory symptoms among restaurant workers: a cross-sectional study from Thailand. F1000Res 2019; 8:1429. [PMID: 31857894 PMCID: PMC6904982 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20059.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cooking smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, there has been no epidemiological study to show the variation in health effects resulting from work at different kinds of restaurants in Thailand. This study determines lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms of workers in four types of eateries commonly found in Thailand. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 321 people working in four common types of restaurants in Thailand: 'tamsang' restaurants (from the Thai word ร้านอาหารตามสั่ง, a restaurant that makes a variety of foods to order) (170 people), papaya salad restaurants (51 people), noodle restaurants (50 people), and barbecue stalls (50 people). The restaurant workers' demographic data as well as information on their working conditions was collected using a questionnaire administered in a face to face interview. Each worker's peak expiratory flow rate was measured using a portable peak flow meter. Results: This study found that working in a 'tamsang' restaurant is associated with a higher risk of poor lung function (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.33-5.06) and a higher prevalence of moderate dyspnea symptoms (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.63-8.79) compared to working in a papaya salad restaurant. The study also found that each of the following were associated with poor lung function and/or chronic respiratory symptoms: cooking with palm oil, having irritated teary eyes while cooking, cooking without a ventilation hood, long past experience working at restaurants, and working in a small cooking area (1-6 m 2). Conclusions: Work in different kinds of restaurants with variations in cooking methods and work conditions produces diverse effects on airway and lung function. Regulatory organizations should pay careful attention to protecting the health of restaurant workers, especially those working in 'tamsang' restaurants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Cooking smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms among those responsible for household cooking: A study in Phitsanulok, Thailand. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01706. [PMID: 31193378 PMCID: PMC6526227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooking smoke affects the health of millions of people worldwide. In Thailand, however, information in regard to household cooking and the effects of cooking smoke is scarce. The objective of this descriptive study was to explore the risk factors and respiratory symptoms in household members responsible for household cooking. Participants from 1,134 rural households in Phitsanulok province, Thailand were randomly selected, using multistage sampling. Data on cooking activities and chronic respiratory problems, and symptoms identified in the past 30 days were collected using a modified questionnaire from the British Medical Research. Most of the participants were women aged over 40 years, who were responsible for food preparation in the household, and who usually cook with vegetable oil, using LPG gas, without a ventilation hood, according to the responses that we received, and our particular knowledge of household cooking facilities in rural areas in Thailand. The most common chronic respiratory symptoms were runny nose (24.5% males, 21.8% females), dyspnea (26.1% females, 19.0% males) and chronic cough (9.2% females, 6.4% males). The most common respiratory symptoms experienced in the past 30 days were having a cold (28.3% females, 18.7% males), coughing (25.5% females, 21.1% ,males) and having sputum (13.0% females, 8.2% males). These symptoms were associated with tears while cooking, the number of hours present in the kitchen grilling food, and the number of stir-fried and deep-fried dishes prepared. This study demonstrated that cooking even with a clean fuel can quantitatively increase the risk of respiratory difficulties and symptoms. Since cooking is undertaken in every household in Thailand, this is a serious public health matter that demands more attention.
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Self-Reported, Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Among Restaurant Workers in Shiraz City, South of Iran. Ann Glob Health 2019; 85. [PMID: 31074598 PMCID: PMC6634354 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Restaurant sector is one of the most rapidly developing sectors in the world and there is evidence that restaurant industry has high levels of work-related diseases and injuries. This study examined the prevalence of self-reported work-related injuries and illness (WRIIs) and their association with demographic variables among restaurant workers in Shiraz, the capital of Fars Province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 randomly selected restaurant workers completed a self-statement, research-made questionnaire regarding the prevalence of self-reported WRIIs, in Shiraz, Iran. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results: A high prevalence of work-related injuries (84%) and musculoskeletal disorders (70%) was reported among restaurant workers. Cuts and lacerations, arising from accidents with knives, were the most common injuries seen, followed by burns, falls, slips and trips. Moreover, the prevalence of occupational accidents had a significant association with work experience (p = 0.012), cooking (p < 0.001), as well as preparation and washing (p = 0.011). Age (p < 0.001) and work experience (p < 0.001) had a significance association with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: Preventive measures and polices, through providing occupational health and safety services including trainings, personal protective equipment and health examinations, should be taken as to restaurants and catering industry in Iran.
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Obiebi IP, Oyibo PG. A cross-sectional analysis of respiratory ill-health among charcoal workers and its implications for strengthening occupational health services in southern Nigeria. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022361. [PMID: 30679287 PMCID: PMC6347919 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the concentration of air pollutants at charcoal sites, the dose-response relationship between site-based exposure levels to air pollutants and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among charcoal workers, and the measures these workers employ to safeguard their health. DESIGN Cross-sectional but comparative design SETTING: Charcoal production kiln sites in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS Overall 296 charcoal workers and age-matched, sex-matched and height-matched non-exposed traders (comparison group). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among charcoal workers while secondary outcomes included lung function indices as well as hazard control practices among charcoal workers. RESULTS Majority (83.3%) of the sites had PM10 and PM2.5 values five times higher than the WHO standard. Charcoal workers were more likely to have respiratory symptoms; wheeze was statistically significant after adjusting for confounders, (OR 4.22; CI 1.37 to 12.99). The dose-response relationship between site-based exposure levels to air pollutants and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among charcoal workers was statistically significant for all symptoms except chest tightness (p=0.167). Mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were considerably lower among workers with differences of -0.22 (-0.42 to -0.05) L and -0.52 (-0.76 to -0.29) L, respectively, whereas FEV1/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow rate were higher among workers with mean differences of 5.68 (3.59-8.82)% and 0.31 (-23.70 to 24.43) L/min, respectively; but the mean difference was significant only for the FEV1/FVC ratio. Charcoal workers had poor hazard control practices; only 3.4% reportedly used personal protective equipment. CONCLUSION Air pollutants at kiln sites were higher than WHO standards. Despite the significantly higher prevalence of wheeze, chest tightness and chronic cough among charcoal workers, their hazard control practices were inadequate. Charcoal workers should adopt appropriate hazard control practices, and use improved devices which emit minimal pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irikefe Paul Obiebi
- Department of Community Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Gold Oyibo
- Department of Community Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
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Nwankwo ONO, Mokogwu N, Agboghoroma O, Ahmed FO, Mortimer K. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about the health hazards of biomass smoke exposure amongst commercial food vendors in Nigeria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191458. [PMID: 29377962 PMCID: PMC5788333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to biomass smoke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Commercial food vendors in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa are commonly exposed to biomass smoke from open fire cooking both at work and home. Little is known about the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of food vendors about the health hazards of biomass smoke exposure in Nigeria. METHODS We did a descriptive cross sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of commercial food vendors in the cities of Benin and Calabar in Nigeria. We recruited respondents using a multi-stage approach. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. RESULTS We recruited 308 participants (164, 53.2% female). The majority 185(60.2%) were married and had post-primary education 206(67.4%). The average monthly income was <30,000 Naira (US$150). Most 198(64.4%) were not aware that biomass smoke exposure is harmful to human health. About three-quarters (221; 71.8%) were unconcerned as to the effect of exposure to fumes from biomass fuels on their health. Less than half of respondents (110, 41.6%) believed biomass smoke was harmful to health. Male gender, being single, having post-primary education and preferring electricity or gas fuels were associated with good knowledge of the adverse health effects of biomass smoke exposure whilst female gender and having good knowledge of the adverse health effects of biomass smoke were associated with positive attitudes towards preventing exposure. CONCLUSION Commercial food vendors in our study had limited knowledge about the adverse health effects of biomass smoke exposure and negative attitudes towards preventing these adverse health effects. We suggest an educational intervention is needed to improve this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogonna N. O. Nwankwo
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ndubuisi Mokogwu
- Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | | | - Fahmi O. Ahmed
- College Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Wei F, Nie G, Zhou B, Wang L, Ma Y, Peng S, Ou S, Qin J, Zhang L, Li S, Zou R, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Zou Y. Association between Chinese cooking oil fumes and sleep quality among a middle-aged Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:543-551. [PMID: 28501768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is an important symptom of many medical or psychiatric disorders. However, the impact of cooking oil fumes (COFs) on sleep quality has not been studied. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the association between COFs of Chinese household cooking and sleep quality. Individual sleep quality assessment was completed in 2197 participants with an average age of 37.52 years, through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Information about their cooking practice were also collected by self-reported questionnaire. As an internal biomarker of COFs, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) (n = 562) was further measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Binary logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between exposure to COFs and individual sleep quality. We found that, subjective poor kitchen ventilation, preheating oil to smoking, and cooking for over 30 minutes were positively associated with overall poor sleep quality (global PSQI score >5) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-2.16; 1.25, (1.03-1.52); 1.42, (1.15-1.76), respectively]. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjective poor kitchen ventilation still tend to increase the risk of long sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction [OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.09-1.73; 1.91, (1.39-2.61); 1.54, (1.23-1.93), respectively]. Similar results were observed in participants who preheated oil to smoking [OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.72; 1.55, (1.14-2.14); 1.25, (1.02-1.55), respectively] and cooked for over 30 minutes [OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05-1.72; 1.46, (1.03-2.06); 1.36, (1.08-1.72), respectively]. Furthermore, high urinary 1-HOP level was also positively associated with overall poor sleep quality (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.31-4.05). The results indicated that exposure to COFs from Chinese household cooking may be a risk factor for poor sleep quality among middle-aged Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guanghui Nie
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, TN, USA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Suwan Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Songfeng Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shu Li
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ruosi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Badyda AJ, Widziewicz K, Rogula-Kozłowska W, Majewski G, Jureczko I. Inhalation Exposure to PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released from Barbecue Grills Powered by Gas, Lump Charcoal, and Charcoal Briquettes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1023:11-27. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Badyda
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Widziewicz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Street, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Street, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.,Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego Street, 01-629, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majewski
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Jureczko
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Street, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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Juntarawijit C, Juntarawijit Y. Cooking smoke and respiratory symptoms of restaurant workers in Thailand. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:41. [PMID: 28212633 PMCID: PMC5316171 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restaurant workers are at risk from exposure to toxic compounds from burning of fuel and fumes from cooking. However, the literature is almost silent on the issue. What discussion that can be found in the literature focuses on the potential effects from biomass smoke exposure in the home kitchen, and does not address the problem as occurring in the workplace, particularly in restaurants. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of 224 worker from 142 food restaurants in the Tha Pho sub-district of Phitsanulok, a province in Thailand. The standard questionnaire from the British Medical Research Council was used to collect data on chronic respiratory symptoms, including cough, phlegm, dyspnea, severe dyspnea, stuffy nose in the participating workers. Data on their health symptoms experienced in the past 30 days was also asked. A constructed questionnaire was used to collect exposure data, including type of job, time in the kitchen, the frequency of frying food, tears while cooking (TWC), the type of restaurant, fuel used for cooking, the size and location of the kitchen, and the exhaust system and ventilation. The prevalence of the symptoms was compared with those obtained from 395 controls, who were neighbors of the participants who do not work in a restaurant. Results In comparison to the control group, the restaurant workers had twice or more the prevalence on most of the chronic health symptoms. Men had a higher risk for “dyspnea”, “stuffy nose” and “wheeze” while women had higher risk of “cough”. A Rate Ratio (RR) of susceptibility was established, which ranged from 1.4 up to 9.9. The minimum RR was for women with “severe dyspnea” (RR of 1.4, 95%CI 0.8, 2.5) while the men showed the maximum RR of 9.9 (95%CI 4.5–22.0) for “wheeze”. Possible risk factors identified were job description, job period, size of restaurant, kitchen location, type of cooking oil, hours of stay in the kitchen area, number of fry dishes prepared, frequency of occurrence of TWC, and additional cooking at home. Working for 6–10 year increased the risk of “cough” with an Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.19 (P < 0.01) while working for more than 10 years increased the risk of “cough” (OR = 3.27, P < 0.01), “phlegm” (OR = 3.87, P = 0.01) and “wheeze” (OR = 2.38, P = 0.05). Working as a chef had a higher risk of “cough” by 2.33 (P = 0.01) as comparing to other jobs. Workers in a relatively large restaurant using 4 or more stoves had increased risk of “wheeze” with OR of 3.81 (P < 0.01) and “stuffy nose” with OR of 3.56 (P < 0.01). Using vegetable oil increased the risk of “stuffy nose” by 2.94 (P < 0.01). Every 10 h of stay in the kitchen area was associated with a minimal increase in the risk of “cough”, “wheeze” and “symptoms in the past 30 days” by 1.15 (P = 0.02), 1.16 (P = 0.01) and 1.16 (P = 0.02), respectively. Conclusions Restaurant workers are at risk of respiratory symptoms caused by exposure to toxic compounds from cooking fumes. Job description, job period, size of restaurant, kitchen location, type of cooking oil, hours of stay in the kitchen area, number of fry dishes prepared, frequency of occurrence of TWC, and additional cooking at home were the predictive factors. Workplace Health and Safety protection of restaurant worker is urgently needed and the issue should receive more public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Department of Natural Resource and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thaphao sub-district, Amphur Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Indoor environmental factors associated with pulmonary function among adults in an acid rain-plagued city in Southwest China. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:259-268. [PMID: 28160097 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of indoor environmental risk factors with respiratory function among adults in an acid rain-plagued city in China where coal use is frequent. METHODS The subjects were randomly selected in the winter season. Information on selected home environmental factors was collected through administered questionnaires. Additionally, pulmonary function tests, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were also performed in participants. RESULTS This study showed that, among a variety of risk factors, coal fuel use, cooking oil fumes and active and passive smoking exposure together with asthma in childhood were important factors for deterioration of pulmonary function among adults in the winter season (p < 0.05). Additionally, subjects whose kitchen was located in the living room or bedroom, who opened their windows only occasionally or never, who noted the presence of cooking oil fumes and pests, whose bedroom was shared by 3 or more residents and who kept pets tended to exhibit lower values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR values compared with non-exposed counterparts (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated impaired pulmonary function among adults who were exposed to indoor risk factors, such as coal fires and cigarette smoking compared to non-users in the winter season and emphasizes the need for public health efforts to decrease exposure to indoor air pollution.
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Olujimi OO, Ana GREE, Ogunseye OO, Fabunmi VT. Air quality index from charcoal production sites, carboxyheamoglobin and lung function among occupationally exposed charcoal workers in South Western Nigeria. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1546. [PMID: 27652119 PMCID: PMC5020008 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Charcoal production is often accompanied with gaseous and particulate emission into the atmosphere and occupationally exposed workers could be affected. This cross sectional comparative study was carried out to assess the levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5) generated during the phases of charcoal production and their relationship with certain biomarkers among charcoal workers (subjects) and non-charcoal workers (controls) such as carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and body mass index (BMI) in Igbo-Ora, Oyo State and Alabata, Ogun State, which are two of the major hubs of charcoal production in South Western Nigeria. Four communities in Igbo-Ora and six communities in Alabata were purposively selected and levels of pollutant gases were assessed using appropriate gas meters, PM2.5 was assessed with Thermo Scientific MIE pDR-1500, FEV1 and PEFR were measured with Piko-1 spirometer while COHb was assessed using non-invasive pulse CO-oximeter (Rad 57). Data were statistically analyzed and results were compared with recommended guidelines. The mean FEV1, PEFR, COHb and BMI for subjects and controls were 2.35 ± 0.73 and 2.69 ± 0.56, 253.72 ± 103.45 and 330.02 ± 94.61 (p < 0.01), 13.28 ± 3.91 and 8.50 ± 3.68 (p < 0.01) and 21.97 ± 2.19 and 23.36 ± 3.74 (p < 0.05) respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between actual and expected values of FEV1 (p < 0.01) and PEFR (p < 0.01) among charcoal workers. There existed a positive correlation between CO and COHb while FEV1 and PEFR correlated negatively with PM2.5. The study showed that charcoal workers are exposed to high levels of CO and PM2.5, contributing to lowered respiratory functions for FEV1 and PEFR and high levels of COHb compared to the control group. Routine respiratory and carboxyheamoglobin assessment of persons involved in charcoal production is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - G R E E Ana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Ogunseye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - V T Fabunmi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Dienye P, Akani A, Okokon I. Respiratory effects of biomass fuel combustion on rural fish smokers in a Nigerian fishing settlement: a case control study. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:516-23. [PMID: 27605967 PMCID: PMC4994543 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD The aim was to study the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and assess the lung function of fish smokers in Nigeria. METHODS A case control study was done among fish smokers in Nigeria. Women aged 15 years or older (n=210) involved in fish smoking and equal number of matched controls were interviewed on respiratory symptoms and their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measured. Data was analysed using chi square test, student's t-test and odd ratios. RESULTS Both groups were similar in their personal characteristics. The test group had significantly increased occurrence of sneezing (153; 72.86%), catarrh (159; 75.71%), cough (138; 65.71%) and chest pain (59; 28.10%) compared with the control group, odds ratio (OR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval CI (1.62-3.82), P < 0.001), OR 3.77,95% CI (2.44- 5.85), P < 0.001, OR 3.38, 95% CI (2.22-5.15), P < 0.001, and OR 6.45,95% CI (3.22-13.15), P < 0.001, respectively. The mean PEFR of 321±58.93 L/min among the fish smokers was significantly lower than 400±42.92 L/min among the controls (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Fish smokers have increased risk of respiratory symptoms and reduced pulmonary function. There is a need for protective equipment and periodic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dienye
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Alex Akani
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Ita Okokon
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calabar, Nigeria
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Chen M, Deng J, Su C, Li J, Wang M, Abuaku BK, Hu S, Tan H, Wen SW. Impact of passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel exposure, and MBL/MASP-2 gene polymorphism upon susceptibility to tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 29:1-6. [PMID: 25312983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the impact of passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene, MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) gene, and gene-environment interactions on the susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in non-smokers. METHODS A total of 205 TB patients and 216 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) technology was leveraged to genotype rs7096206 of MBL genes and rs2273346 and rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes. Demographic data and information on exposures of participants were collected. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associations between the various factors and TB, and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the interactions. RESULTS Passive smoking and cooking with solid fuel were associated with the risk of TB, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.58 and 2.93, respectively (p<0.05). Genotype CG at rs7096206 of MBL genes (OR 2.02) and genotype TC at rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes (OR 1.67) were more prevalent in the TB patients than in healthy controls (p<0.05). The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) between rs7096206 of MBL genes and passive smoking or cooking with solid fuel exposure was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-3.16) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.85-3.47), respectively. The RERI between rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes and cooking with solid fuel exposure was 3.70 (95% CI 2.63-4.78), which was also a positive interaction. However, the RERI between rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes and passive smoking was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel, and polymorphisms of MBL (rs7096206) and MASP-2 (rs6695096) genes were associated with susceptibility to TB in non-smokers, and there were gene-environment interactions among them. Further studies are needed to explore details of the mechanisms of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Congxu Su
- Yueyanglou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Benjamin Kwaku Abuaku
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - ShiMin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Nazurah bt Abdul Wahid NN, Balalla NBP, Koh D. Respiratory symptoms of vendors in an open-air hawker center in brunei darussalam. Front Public Health 2014; 2:167. [PMID: 25325051 PMCID: PMC4183101 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied respiratory problems among vendors exposed to cooking fumes in an open-air hawker center. Exposure to cooking fumes from either the use of fossil fuels or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory health effects. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 67 food vendors exposed to cooking fumes as well as 18 merchandise sellers at an open-air hawker center in Brunei Darussalam. Past medical and smoking history and exposure to cooking fumes were obtained. The validated American Thoracic Society Questionnaire with a translated Malay version was used to ask for respiratory symptoms. RESULTS Compared to merchandise sellers (n = 18), cooking vendors (n = 67) had a higher self-reported respiratory symptoms (50.7% for those cooking and 33.3% for merchandise sellers). Cough (28.3%) was the main respiratory symptom experienced in cooking vendors and breathlessness (22.2%) among merchandise sellers. Half (50.0%) of cooking vendors who worked for more than 10 years had cough and 27.3% had phlegm. Those cooking with charcoal were two times more likely to have cough than those cooking with LPG. Cooking vendors with a job duration of more than 10 years were thrice more likely to have cough. CONCLUSION Cooking vendors in the open-air hawker center exposed to cooking fumes had more respiratory symptoms compared to non-exposed merchandise sellers. The type of fuel used for cooking and duration of work was associated with increased prevalence of cough.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. B. P Balalla
- Occupational Health Division, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - David Koh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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