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Spallone A. Editorial: Modern neurosurgical management of gliomas, including local therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217180. [PMID: 37614507 PMCID: PMC10443098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Spallone
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (IBKh) Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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2
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Wang M, Wang X, Jin X, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies for glioblastoma: current status and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175118. [PMID: 37304305 PMCID: PMC10248152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most fatal and recurring malignant solid tumors. It arises from the GBM stem cell population. Conventional neurosurgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ)-dependent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have rendered the prognosis of patients unsatisfactory. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can frequently induce non-specific damage to healthy brain and other tissues, which can be extremely hazardous. There is therefore a pressing need for a more effective treatment strategy for GBM to complement or replace existing treatment options. Cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies are currently being investigated to develop new treatment modalities against cancer. These treatments have the potential to be both selective and successful in minimizing off-target collateral harm in the normal brain. In this review, several aspects of cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies related to GBM will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Bianconi A, Palmieri G, Aruta G, Monticelli M, Zeppa P, Tartara F, Melcarne A, Garbossa D, Cofano F. Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1520. [PMID: 37371615 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive central nervous system tumor, requiring multimodal management. Due to its malignant behavior and infiltrative growth pattern, GBM is one of the most difficult tumors to treat and gross total resection is still considered to be the first crucial step. The deep understanding of GBM microenvironment and the possibility of manipulating the patient's innate and adaptive immune system to fight the neoplasm represent the base of immunotherapeutic strategies that currently express the future for the fight against GBM. Despite the immunotherapeutic approach having been successfully adopted in several solid and haematologic neoplasms, immune resistance and the immunosuppressive environment make the use of these strategies challenging in GBM treatment. We describe the most recent updates regarding new therapeutic strategies that target the immune system, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, peptide and oncolytic vaccines, and the relevant mechanism of immune resistance. However, no significant results have yet been obtained in studies targeting single molecules/pathways. The future direction of GBM therapy will include a combined approach that, in contrast to the inescapable current treatment modality of maximal resection followed by chemo- and radiotherapy, may combine a multifaceted immunotherapy treatment with the dual goals of directly killing tumor cells and activating the innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e per la Romagna, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Tartara
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Melcarne
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Humanitas Gradenigo, 10100 Turin, Italy
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4
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Cheng X, Liu Z, Liang W, Zhu Q, Wang C, Wang H, Zhang J, Li P, Gao Y. ECM2, a prognostic biomarker for lower grade glioma, serves as a potential novel target for immunotherapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 158:106409. [PMID: 36997057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 2 (ECM2), which regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, has recently been reported as a prognostic indicator for multiple cancers, but its value in lower grade glioma (LGG) remains unknown. In this study, LGG transcriptomic data of 503 cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 403 cases in The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were collected to analyze ECM2 expression patterns and the relationship with clinical characteristics, prognosis, enriched signaling pathways, and immune-related markers. In addition, a total of 12 laboratory samples were used for experimental validation. Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrated highly expressed ECM2 in LGG was positively associated with malignant histological features and molecular features such as recurrent LGG and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type. Also, Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves proved high ECM2 expression could predict shorter overall survival in LGG patients, as multivariate analysis and meta-analysis claimed ECM2 was a deleterious factor for LGG prognosis. In addition, the enrichment of immune-related pathways for ECM2, for instance JAK-STAT pathway, was obtained by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis. Furthermore, positive relationships between ECM2 expression with immune cells infiltration and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), iconic markers (CD163), and immune checkpoints (CD274, encoding PD-L1) were proved by Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, laboratory experiments of RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed high expression of ECM2, as well as CD163 and PD-L1 in LGG samples. This study identifies ECM2, for the first time, as a subtype marker and prognostic indicator for LGG. ECM2 could also provide a reliable guarantee for further personalized therapy, synergizing with tumor immunity, to break through the current limitations and thus reinvigorating immunotherapy for LGG. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: Raw data from all public databases involved in this study are stored in the online repository (chengMD2022/ECM2 (github.com)).
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Weidemann H, Feger D, Ehlert JE, Menger MM, Krempien RC. Markedly divergent effects of Ouabain on a Temozolomide-resistant (T98G) vs. a Temozolomide-sensitive (LN229) Glioblastoma cell line. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36840822 PMCID: PMC9968366 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. GMB are highly recurrent mainly because of radio- and chemoresistance. Radiotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) is until today the golden standard adjuvant therapy, however, the optimal treatment of recurrent glioblastoma remains controversial. Ouabain belongs to the Cardiotonic Steroids (CTS) the natural ligands of the Na/K-ATPase (NKA). It is established that the NKA represents a signal transducer with either stimulating or inhibiting cell growth, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. Over the last decade evidence grew that CTS have anti-tumor properties especially in GBM. AIM Proceeding from recent studies we wanted to further demonstrate a divergent effect of Ouabain on a TMZ-resistant (T98G) as compared to a TMZ-sensitive (LN229) GBM cell line. METHODS We analyzed the effect of Ouabain on cell migration and plasma cell membrane potential (PCMP) in the LN229 and T98G GBM cell line as well as underlying mechanisms (Bcl-2 and p-Akt/pan-Akt expression). Moreover, we analyzed the anti-angiogenic effect of Ouabain on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS T98G cells showed a significant inhibition of cell migration and a significant depolarization of the PCMP at similar Ouabain concentrations (IC50 = 1.67 × 10-7 M) resp. (IC50 = 2.72 × 10-7 M) with a strong inverse correlation (R2 = 0.95). In contrast, LN229 cells did not respond to Ouabain in these assays at all. Similarly, only T98G but not LN229 cells revealed Bcl-2 down-regulation at nanomolar Ouabain concentrations. This unique response to Ouabain is associated with a down-regulation of pan-Akt in T98G cells 24 h after Ouabain (1.0 × 10-6 M) treatment. For the first time, the anti-angiogenic effect of Ouabain on HUVEC cells (IC50 = 5.49 × 10-8 M) was demonstrated which correlated strongly with the anti-migratory effect (R2 = 0.85). CONCLUSION The TMZ-resistant T98G cell line as compared to the TMZ-sensitive LN229 cell line shows a high sensitivity towards Ouabain. We consider it as a promising new compound especially in recurrent GBM to overcome the resistance to TMZ and irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Weidemann
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Feger
- Reaction Biology Europe GmbH, Engesserstr.4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan E. Ehlert
- Reaction Biology Europe GmbH, Engesserstr.4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus M. Menger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert C. Krempien
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Song S, Xu L, Yan Y, Wu H, Tong X, Yan H. Elevated GAS2L3 Expression Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Glioma: A Study Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:649270. [PMID: 33859674 PMCID: PMC8042292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth arrest–specific 2 like 3 (GAS2L3) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that interacts with actin filaments and tubulin. Abnormal GAS2L3 expression has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis. However, the biological role of GAS2L3 in glioma remains to be determined. Methods The transcriptome level of GAS2L3 and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed among multiple public databases and clinical specimens. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore biological functions and prognostic value of GAS2L3 in glioma. Results GAS2L3 was substantially expressed in glioma, and high GAS2L3 expression correlated with shorter overall survival time and poor clinical variables. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis, and CIBERSORT algorithm analyses showed that GAS2L3 expression was closely linked to immune-related pathways, inflammatory activities, and immune cell infiltration. Moreover, GAS2L3 was synergistic with T cell–inflamed gene signature, immune checkpoints, T-cell receptor diversities, and neoantigen numbers. Conclusion This study suggests that GAS2L3 is a prognostic biomarker for glioma, providing a reference for further study of the potential role of GAS2L3 in the immunomodulation of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sirong Song
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang Z, Wang X, Cheng F, Wen X, Feng S, Yu F, Tang H, Liu Z, Teng X. Rapamycin Inhibits Glioma Cells Growth and Promotes Autophagy by miR-26a-5p/DAPK1 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2691-2700. [PMID: 33790644 PMCID: PMC7997605 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s298468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a common intracranial malignant tumor with high rates of invasiveness and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of rapamycin in glioma. Methods U118-MG cells were treated with and without rapamycin in vivo and then collected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened and verified. MiR-26a-5p was selected for functional verification, and the target gene of miR-26a-5p was identified. The effects of miR-26a-5p on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy were also investigated. Results In total, 58 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated DEMs were identified between rapamycin-treated and untreated U118-MG cells. MiR-26-5p levels were up-regulated in U118-MG cells treated with 12.5 μM rapamycin, and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) expression, a direct miR-26a-5p target gene, was down-regulated. Rapamycin substantially inhibited cell proliferation and cell percentage in the S phase and promoted cell apoptosis; miR-26a-5p inhibitor increased cell proliferation and cell cycle and decreased cell apoptosis; DAPK1 overexpression further induced cell proliferation, increased the cell number in the S phase, and inhibited apoptosis in glioma cells. Notably, rapamycin increased the autophagy-related Beclin1 protein expression levels and the LC3 II/I ratio. Conclusion Rapamycin exerts anti-tumor effects by promoting autophagy in glioma cells, which was dependent on the miR-26a-5p/DAPK1 pathway activation by rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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July J, Patricia D, Gunawan PY, Setiajaya H, Ginting TE, Putra TP, Wuisan Z, Budhiarko D, Masykura N, Prayogi G, Utomo AR, Tandean S, Loe ML. Clinicopathological associations and prognostic values of IDH1 gene mutation, MGMT gene promoter methylation, and PD-L1 expressions in high-grade glioma treated with standard treatment. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:309. [PMID: 33282092 PMCID: PMC7687483 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.309.24831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the objective was to evaluate the impact of IDH1 R132H mutation, MGMT methylation and PD-L1 expression in high grade glioma that received standard therapy (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy) to overall survival (OS). METHODS this is a retrospective study of 35 high grade glioma cases. Genotyping of IDH1 gene alteration on the mutation hotspot R132 (Sanger sequencing method with Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer), EZ DNA Methylation-Gold kit (Zymo Research) is used to study the methylation, Cell line BT549 (ATCC HTB-122) and HCT-116 (ATCC CCL-247) were used as unmethylated control and partially methylated control respectively. Anti-human PD-L1 antibody clone E1L3N®from Cell Signalling Technology (USA) and Rabbit XP®were used to see PDL-1 expression. RESULTS anaplastic astrocytoma cases had more MGMT promoter methylation (50%) than glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (20%), more IDH1 R132H mutation (42%) than GBM (4.3%). Immunohistochemistry tumor proportion score method (TPS) identified 17% and 8.7% were PD-L1 positive in AA and GBM groups, respectively. Cases with IDH1 R132H mutation and MGMT methylation still showed better OS although with high PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSION IDH1 R132H mutation and MGMT methylation were good prognostic markers. High expression of PD-L1 apparently might not indicate poor overall survival in the presence of IDH1 R132 mutation and MGMT methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius July
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Neuroscience Centre of Siloam Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science group, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Diana Patricia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Neuroscience Centre of Siloam Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Pricilla Yani Gunawan
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Neuroscience Centre of Siloam Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Handrianto Setiajaya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Subroto, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teridah Ernala Ginting
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science group, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Zerlina Wuisan
- Stemcell and Cancer Institute, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dini Budhiarko
- Stemcell and Cancer Institute, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Gintang Prayogi
- Stemcell and Cancer Institute, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Steven Tandean
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan 20155, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Michael Lumintang Loe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan 20155, Medan, Indonesia
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Zheng D, Che D, Lin F, Wang X, Lu L, Chen J, Xu X. LncRNA MACC1-AS1/MACC1 enhances the progression of glioma via regulating metabolic plasticity. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2286-2297. [PMID: 32816608 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1795595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study plans to investigate the effects of long-noncoding RNA MACC1-AS1 on glioma cells and its mechanism at metabolic plasticity angle. The MACC1-AS1 level was identified both in glioma tissues and in cells. Then the effects of MACC1-AS1 abnormal level on cell viability, apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis associated protein, glucose metabolism and redox status were measured in A172 and U251 cells by different methods. Furthermore, the interaction of MACC1-AS1 and MACC1 in glioma cells was investigated and the role of AMPK pathway was specifically examined. Our results demonstrated that MACC1-AS1 level was high in glioma tissues and cells, and MACC1-AS1 overexpression was closely associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Notably, under glucose deprivation, the MACC1-AS1 level was significantly increased, and overexpression of MACC1-AS1 increased cell viability but inhibited apoptosis. Also, MACC1-AS1 overexpression obviously increased the levels of GLUT1, HK2, G6PD, MCT1, ATP, lactate and NAPDH as well as promoted the activities of HK2 and LDHA, while reduced ROS level and the ratio of NADP+/NAPDH. In particular, the effects of proliferation, apoptosis and metabolic plasticity of glioma cells caused by MACC1-AS1 overexpression were achieved by positively regulating MACC1, and MACC1-AS1 promoted MACC1 expression via the AMPK pathway. In conclusions, the MACC1-AS1/MACC1 axis exertes the tumor-promoting effect by regulating glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis in glioma cells by activating the AMPK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Daliang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Famu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Lenian Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
| | - Xiaobing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan, China
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Khalsa JK, Cheng N, Keegan J, Chaudry A, Driver J, Bi WL, Lederer J, Shah K. Immune phenotyping of diverse syngeneic murine brain tumors identifies immunologically distinct types. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3912. [PMID: 32764562 PMCID: PMC7411074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, however, its efficacy in highly malignant brain-tumors, glioblastomas (GBM), is limited. Here, we generate distinct imageable syngeneic mouse GBM-tumor models and utilize RNA-sequencing, CyTOF and correlative immunohistochemistry to assess immune-profiles in these models. We identify immunologically-inert and -active syngeneic-tumor types and show that inert tumors have an immune-suppressive phenotype with numerous exhausted CD8 T cells and resident macrophages; fewer eosinophils and SiglecF+ macrophages. To mimic the clinical-settings of first line of GBM-treatment, we show that tumor-resection invigorates an anti-tumor response via increasing T cells, activated microglia and SiglecF+ macrophages and decreasing resident macrophages. A comparative CyTOF analysis of resected-tumor samples from GBM-patients and mouse GBM-tumors show stark similarities in one of the mouse GBM-tumors tested. These findings guide informed choices for use of GBM models for immunotherapeutic interventions and offer a potential to facilitate immune-therapies in GBM patients. Syngeneic mouse models for glioblastoma (GBM) cannot fully recapitulate clinical findings and response to therapy in patients. Here the authors perform a comprehensive immune profiling of different syngeneic GBM tumour models and compare it with the immune landscape of GBM patients to identify similarities and potential confounding differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur Khalsa
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nina Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Keegan
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ameen Chaudry
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Driver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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11
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Zhao Y, Yin H, Zhang X. Modification of graphene oxide by angiopep-2 enhances anti-glioma efficiency of the nanoscaled delivery system for doxorubicin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10506-10516. [PMID: 32474457 PMCID: PMC7346081 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the improved nanoscaled delivery system for doxorubicin (Dox) based on angiopep (ANG)-2 modified graphene oxide (GO), the so-called ANG-Dox-GO, in suppressing the growth and and metastasis of glioma cells. RESULTS Modification of GO by angiopep-2 significantly increased the cellular uptake of Dox. In addition, ANG-Dox-GO treatment of U87 MG cells significantly inhibited cell viability, decreased clone number, cell migration and invasion andinduced cell apoptosis, with superior efficiency over that of Dox-GO and free Dox. Similar results were observed in in vivo experiments-tumor size and weight of glioma xenograft mice were obviously decreased after treatments with ANG-Dox-GO, Dox-GO and Dox, respectively, as compared with control group, and the efficiency was the highest in ANG-Dox-GO, followed by Dox-Go and Dox. CONCLUSIONS ANG-Dox-GO exhibited superior anti-glioma effects over Dox-GO both in vitro and in vivo experiments. METHODS The morphology of ANG-Dox-GO was analyzed by UV visible absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy and its in vitro cellular uptake was measured using confocal imaging analysis. The antitumor effects of GO, unbound Dox, Dox-GO and ANG-Dox-GO were evaluated by MTT assay, colony-forming assay, cell apoptosis assay and Transwell assay in U87 malignant glioma (MG) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Radiotherapy Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou People’s Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
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12
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Li JQ, Wang QT, Nie Y, Xiao YP, Lin T, Han RJ, Li Z, Fan YY, Yuan XH, Wang YM, Zhang J, He YW, Liao HX. A Multi-Element Expression Score Is A Prognostic Factor In Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8977-8989. [PMID: 31695490 PMCID: PMC6805247 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s228174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although primary GBM patients receive extensive therapies, tumors may recur within months, and there is no objective and scientific method to predict prognosis. Adoptive immunotherapy holds great promise for GBM treatment. However, the expression profiles of the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor immune microenvironment (TME) genes used in immunotherapy of GBM patients have not been fully described. The present study aimed to develop a predictive tool to evaluate patient survival based on full analysis of the expression levels of TAAs and TME genes. Methods Expression profiles of a panel of 87 TAAs and 8 TME genes significantly correlated with poor prognosis were evaluated in 44 GBM patients and 10 normal brain tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A linear formula (the LASSO algorithm based in the R package) weighted by regression coefficients was used to develop a multi-element expression score to predict prognosis; this formula was cross-validated by the leave-one-out method in different GBM cohorts. Results After analysis of gene expression, clinical features, and overall survival (OS), a total of 8 TAAs (CHI3L1, EZH2, TRIOBP, PCNA, PIK3R1, PRKDC, SART3 and EPCAM), 1 TME gene (FOXP3) and 4 clinical features (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), number of basophils (BAS), age and treatment with standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy) were included in the formula. There were significant differences between high and low scoring groups identified using the formula in different GBM cohorts (TCGA (n=732) and GEO databases (n=84)), implying poor and good prognosis, respectively. Conclusion The multi-element expression score was significantly associated with OS of GBM patients. The improve understanding of TAAs and TMEs and well-defined formula could be implemented in immunotherapy for GBM to provide better care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Nie
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Xiao
- Guangzhou Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jin Han
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Fan
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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13
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Holl EK, Routh JC, Johnston AW, Frazier V, Rice HE, Tracy ET, Nair SK. Immune expression in children with Wilms tumor: a pilot study. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:441.e1-441.e8. [PMID: 30981637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given improvements in multimodality therapy, survival among children with Wilms tumor (WT) exceeds 90%. However, 15% of children with favorable histology and 50% of children with anaplastic WT experience recurrence or progression. Of patients with advanced disease, only 50% survive to adulthood. In adult malignancies (including renal tumors), patient survival has improved with the advent of immunotherapy. However, little is known about the immune microenvironment of WT, making the potential role of immunotherapy unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to perform an exploratory, descriptive analysis of the immune milieu in WT. STUDY DESIGN Between 2016 and 2017, all pediatric patients with WT, some of whom received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, underwent ex vivo wedge biopsy at the time of nephrectomy. The fresh tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples were analyzed for infiltrating immune infiltrate and effector cells using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 expression. Matched blood samples were obtained for each patient, and circulating immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS A total of six patients were enrolled. One patient with neuroblastoma was excluded. The remaining five patients included the following: two with unilateral WT (resected before chemotherapy), two with bilateral WT (resected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy), and one with Denys-Drash syndrome, end-stage renal disease, and history of WT in the contralateral kidney. Immune analysis showed that WT were infiltrated by immune cells regardless of chemotherapy status. CD8 and CD4 T cells were present in the tumor tissue and exhibited an activated phenotype. Elevated levels of natural killer (NK) cells were observed in the tumors (Figure). Immune checkpoint PD-L1 was also found expressed in one of the tumors stained. DISCUSSION In this pilot study, it was found that WTs were infiltrated by immune cells (CD45+) both before and after chemotherapy. Elevated levels of NK cells infiltrating the tumor specimens, which were quantitatively increased compared with levels of NK cells circulating in the blood, were noted. T cells, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, were present in tumor specimens. Tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells displayed an activated phenotype as defined by increased expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and CD57. Together, these findings suggest that WT microenvironment is immune engaged and may be susceptible to immunotherapy similar to other malignancies. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data suggest an immune-engaged tumor microenvironment is present within WT. This implies that WT may be susceptible to immunotherapy similar to adult renal tumors and other adult malignancies. Follow-up studies are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Holl
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - J C Routh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Urologic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A W Johnston
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - V Frazier
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H E Rice
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Urologic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E T Tracy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Urologic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S K Nair
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Dept of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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The Role of Platelets in Cancer Pathophysiology: Focus on Malignant Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040569. [PMID: 31013620 PMCID: PMC6521321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between thrombocytosis and malignancy has been well known for many years and its associations with worse outcomes have been reported mainly for solid tumors. Besides measuring platelet count, it has become popular to assess platelet function in the context of malignant diseases during the last decade. Malignant gliomas differ tremendously from malignancies outside the central nervous system because they virtually never form distant metastases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the platelet-immune cell communication and its potential role in glioma resistance and progression. Particularly, we focus on platelet-derived proinflammatory modulators, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The multifaceted interaction with immune cells puts the platelet into an interesting perspective regarding the recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches in malignant glioma.
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15
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Gupta J, Hoque M, Ahmad MF, Khan RH, Saleemuddin M. Acid pH promotes bispecific antibody formation by the redox procedure. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:469-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Won WJ, Deshane JS, Leavenworth JW, Oliva CR, Griguer CE. Metabolic and functional reprogramming of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their therapeutic control in glioblastoma. Cell Stress 2019; 3:47-65. [PMID: 31225500 PMCID: PMC6551710 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multi-forme, is the most common and deadliest form of high-grade malignant brain tumors with limited available treatments. Within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells, stromal cells, and infiltrating immune cells continuously interact and exchange signals through various secreted factors including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and metabolites. Simultaneously, they dynamically reprogram their metabolism according to environmental energy demands such as hypoxia and neo-vascularization. Such metabolic re-programming can determine fates and functions of tumor cells as well as immune cells. Ultimately, glioma cells in the TME transform immune cells to suppress anti-tumor immune cells such as T, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DC), and evade immune surveillance, and even to promote angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are most abundantly recruited and expanded myeloid lineage cells in glioblastoma TME and mainly lead to immunosuppression. In this review, of myeloid cells we will focus on MDSC as an important driver to induce immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Here, we review current literature on immunosuppressive functions and metabolic reprogramming of MDSCs in glioblastoma and discuss their metabolic pathways as potential therapeutic targets to improve current incurable glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Jai Won
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Claudia R Oliva
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Corinne E Griguer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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17
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Wang Y, Meng Y, Zhang S, Wu H, Yang D, Nie C, Hu Q. Phenformin and metformin inhibit growth and migration of LN229 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6039-6048. [PMID: 30275708 PMCID: PMC6157995 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma is refractory to conventional treatment, highlighting a need to develop novel efficacious therapies. Biguanides, a class of oral antidiabetic drug, have been thought to inhibit proliferation and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the affections of biguanides, phenformin (Phen) and metformin (Met), on growth and migration of glioma cells LN229 in vitro and in vivo. Methods Glioma cells LN229 were treated with Phen or Met, then cell proliferation and death were evaluated by MTT assay and PI stain, and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis, meantime wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were performed to detect cell migration ability. In addition, LN229 were injected in thigh of nude mice, and the mice were treated with Phen or Met to detect the effect of Phen and Met in vivo. Results Phen and Met could significantly inhibit cell growth through inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell death and disturbing cell cycle, and these drugs also could inhibit cell colony formation in glioma cells LN229 in vitro. Meanwhile, both Phen and Met could significantly inhibit cell migration of LN229 in vitro, through effecting the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin. In addition, both Phen and Met inhibited the growth and migration of LN229 in a tumor xenograft model. Furthermore, Phen and Met were associated with the increased level of ROS of cell mitochondrial, and ROS inhibitor NAC could significantly rescue the cell death induced by Phen and Met. Conclusion Phen and Met displayed powerful antitumor effects of LN229, and our findings powerfully suggest the possibility of Phen and Met being used as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Wang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanli Meng
- Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huancheng Wu
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chaohui Nie
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qunliang Hu
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
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18
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Pellegatta S, Savoldo B, Di Ianni N, Corbetta C, Chen Y, Patané M, Sun C, Pollo B, Ferrone S, DiMeco F, Finocchiaro G, Dotti G. Constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 in glioblastoma and neurospheres: Implications for CAR-T cell therapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaao2731. [PMID: 29491184 PMCID: PMC8713441 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous expression of tumor-associated antigens limits the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cells (CAR-Ts) for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). We have found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is highly expressed in 67% of the GBM specimens with limited heterogeneity. CSPG4 is also expressed on primary GBM-derived cells, grown in vitro as neurospheres (GBM-NS), which recapitulate the histopathology and molecular characteristics of primary GBM. CSPG4.CAR-Ts efficiently controlled the growth of GBM-NS in vitro and in vivo upon intracranial tumor inoculation. Moreover, CSPG4.CAR-Ts were also effective against GBM-NS with moderate to low expression of CSPG4. This effect was mediated by the in vivo up-regulation of CSPG4 on tumor cells, induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) released by the microglia surrounding the tumor. Overall, the constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of CSPG4 in GBM may greatly reduce the risk of tumor cell escape observed when targeted antigens are heterogeneously expressed on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Corbetta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Patané
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chuang Sun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Gholamin S, Mitra SS, Feroze AH, Liu J, Kahn SA, Zhang M, Esparza R, Richard C, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Volkmer AK, Willingham S, Ponnuswami A, McCarty A, Lovelace P, Storm TA, Schubert S, Hutter G, Narayanan C, Chu P, Raabe EH, Harsh G, Taylor MD, Monje M, Cho YJ, Majeti R, Volkmer JP, Fisher PG, Grant G, Steinberg GK, Vogel H, Edwards M, Weissman IL, Cheshier SH. Disrupting the CD47-SIRPα anti-phagocytic axis by a humanized anti-CD47 antibody is an efficacious treatment for malignant pediatric brain tumors. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/381/eaaf2968. [PMID: 28298418 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric malignant primary brain tumors remain high in the absence of effective therapies. Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells via blockade of the anti-phagocytic CD47-SIRPα interaction using anti-CD47 antibodies has shown promise in preclinical xenografts of various human malignancies. We demonstrate the effect of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody, Hu5F9-G4, on five aggressive and etiologically distinct pediatric brain tumors: group 3 medulloblastoma (primary and metastatic), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Hu5F9-G4 demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models. Intraventricular administration of Hu5F9-G4 further enhanced its activity against disseminated medulloblastoma leptomeningeal disease. Notably, Hu5F9-G4 showed minimal activity against normal human neural cells in vitro and in vivo, a phenomenon reiterated in an immunocompetent allograft glioma model. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is a potentially safe and effective therapeutic agent for managing multiple pediatric central nervous system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Gholamin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhartha S Mitra
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abdullah H Feroze
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzana A Kahn
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rogelio Esparza
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chase Richard
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne K Volkmer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Willingham
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anitha Ponnuswami
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron McCarty
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia Lovelace
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theresa A Storm
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simone Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cyndhavi Narayanan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pauline Chu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Griffith Harsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michelle Monje
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97231, USA
| | - Ravi Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jens P Volkmer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul G Fisher
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald Grant
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel H Cheshier
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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20
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Razpotnik R, Novak N, Čurin Šerbec V, Rajcevic U. Targeting Malignant Brain Tumors with Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1181. [PMID: 28993773 PMCID: PMC5622144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have been shown to be a potent therapeutic tool. However, their use for targeting brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers, has been limited, particularly because the blood–brain barrier (BBB) makes brain tissue hard to access by conventional antibody-targeting strategies. In this review, we summarize new antibody therapeutic approaches to target brain tumors, especially malignant gliomas, as well as their potential drawbacks. Many different brain delivery platforms for antibodies have been studied such as liposomes, nanoparticle-based systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and cell-based approaches. We have already shown the successful delivery of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) with CPP as a linker between two variable domains in the brain. Antibodies normally face poor penetration through the BBB, with some variants sufficiently passing the barrier on their own. A “Trojan horse” method allows passage of biomolecules, such as antibodies, through the BBB by receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Such examples of therapeutic antibodies are the bispecific antibodies where one binding specificity recognizes and binds a BBB receptor, enabling RMT and where a second binding specificity recognizes an antigen as a therapeutic target. On the other hand, cell-based systems such as stem cells (SCs) are a promising delivery system because of their tumor tropism and ability to cross the BBB. Genetically engineered SCs can be used in gene therapy, where they express anti-tumor drugs, including antibodies. Different types and sources of SCs have been studied for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain; both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) show great potential. Following the success in treatment of leukemias and lymphomas, the adoptive T-cell therapies, especially the chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-Ts), are making their way into glioma treatment as another type of cell-based therapy using the antibody to bind to the specific target(s). Finally, the current clinical trials are reviewed, showing the most recent progress of attractive approaches to deliver therapeutic antibodies across the BBB aiming at the specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Razpotnik
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Novak
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladka Čurin Šerbec
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uros Rajcevic
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Ahmed N, Brawley V, Hegde M, Bielamowicz K, Kalra M, Landi D, Robertson C, Gray TL, Diouf O, Wakefield A, Ghazi A, Gerken C, Yi Z, Ashoori A, Wu MF, Liu H, Rooney C, Dotti G, Gee A, Su J, Kew Y, Baskin D, Zhang YJ, New P, Grilley B, Stojakovic M, Hicks J, Powell SZ, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Grossman R, Wels WS, Gottschalk S. HER2-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified Virus-Specific T Cells for Progressive Glioblastoma: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Trial. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3:1094-1101. [PMID: 28426845 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Glioblastoma is an incurable tumor, and the therapeutic options for patients are limited. Objective To determine whether the systemic administration of HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified virus-specific T cells (VSTs) is safe and whether these cells have antiglioblastoma activity. Design, Setting, and Participants In this open-label phase 1 dose-escalation study conducted at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, patients with progressive HER2-positive glioblastoma were enrolled between July 25, 2011, and April 21, 2014. The duration of follow-up was 10 weeks to 29 months (median, 8 months). Interventions Monotherapy with autologous VSTs specific for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or adenovirus and genetically modified to express HER2-CARs with a CD28.ζ-signaling endodomain (HER2-CAR VSTs). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end points were feasibility and safety. The key secondary end points were T-cell persistence and their antiglioblastoma activity. Results A total of 17 patients (8 females and 9 males; 10 patients ≥18 years [median age, 60 years; range, 30-69 years] and 7 patients <18 years [median age, 14 years; range, 10-17 years]) with progressive HER2-positive glioblastoma received 1 or more infusions of autologous HER2-CAR VSTs (1 × 106/m2 to 1 × 108/m2) without prior lymphodepletion. Infusions were well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxic effects. HER2-CAR VSTs were detected in the peripheral blood for up to 12 months after the infusion by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of 16 evaluable patients (9 adults and 7 children), 1 had a partial response for more than 9 months, 7 had stable disease for 8 weeks to 29 months, and 8 progressed after T-cell infusion. Three patients with stable disease are alive without any evidence of progression during 24 to 29 months of follow-up. For the entire study cohort, median overall survival was 11.1 months (95% CI, 4.1-27.2 months) from the first T-cell infusion and 24.5 months (95% CI, 17.2-34.6 months) from diagnosis. Conclusions and Relevance Infusion of autologous HER2-CAR VSTs is safe and can be associated with clinical benefit for patients with progressive glioblastoma. Further evaluation of HER2-CAR VSTs in a phase 2b study is warranted as a single agent or in combination with other immunomodulatory approaches for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vita Brawley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Bielamowicz
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,now with Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mamta Kalra
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,now with Immatics, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Landi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine Robertson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Tara L Gray
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Oumar Diouf
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,now with Cell Medica, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda Wakefield
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexia Ghazi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,now with Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Claudia Gerken
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aidin Ashoori
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,now with Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Dan L Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Liu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Dan L Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cliona Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,now with Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Adrian Gee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yvonne Kew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David Baskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Jonathan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela New
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Milica Stojakovic
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Suzanne Z Powell
- Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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22
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Mesothelin as a novel biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in human glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80208-80222. [PMID: 29113296 PMCID: PMC5655191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents the most malignant form of glioma, with a 5-year survival rate below 3% despite standard therapy. Novel immune-based therapies in improving treatment outcomes in GBM are therefore warranted. Several molecularly defined targets have been identified mediating anti-GBM cellular immune responses. Mesothelin is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) which is expressed in several solid tumors with different histology. Here, we report the immunological significance of mesothelin in human malignant glioma. Expression of mature, surface-bound mesothelin protein was found to bein human GBM defined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and on freshly isolated, single cell suspension of GBM tumor cells and GBM tumor cell lines, determined by based on flow cytometric analysis. Peripheral blood (PB) from patients with GBM, stimulated with mesothelin peptides and IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21, exhibited increased antigen-specific IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Anti-mesothelin directed T-cell responses could also be detected in tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from GBM speciments. Furthermore, T cells cultured in the presence of IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21 displayed enhanced mesothelin-specific CD4+ and CD8+ subset proliferation, based on ELISA and flow cytometric readouts. Mesothelin-specific IgG antibodies as well as (shed) mature mesothelin protein were detected in plasma samples from patients with GBM by indirect ELISA. Finally yet importantly, we identified distinct immune recognition hotspots within the mature mesothelin component, defined by peptide-specific IFN-γ responses from peripheral T-cells from patients with GBM. Mesothelin may therefore qualify as a viable target for immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with GBM.
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23
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Krenciute G, Prinzing BL, Yi Z, Wu MF, Liu H, Dotti G, Balyasnikova IV, Gottschalk S. Transgenic Expression of IL15 Improves Antiglioma Activity of IL13Rα2-CAR T Cells but Results in Antigen Loss Variants. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:571-581. [PMID: 28550091 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is virtually incurable with conventional therapies. Immunotherapy with T cells expressing GBM-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is an attractive approach to improve outcomes. Although CAR T cells targeting GBM antigens, such as IL13 receptor subunit α2 (IL13Rα2), HER2, and EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), have had antitumor activity in preclinical models, early-phase clinical testing has demonstrated limited antiglioma activity. Transgenic expression of IL15 is an appealing strategy to enhance CAR T-cell effector function. We tested this approach in our IL13Rα2-positive glioma model in which limited IL13Rα2-CAR T-cell persistence results in recurrence of antigen-positive gliomas. T cells were genetically modified with retroviral vectors encoding IL13Rα2-CARs or IL15 (IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells). IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells recognized glioma cells in an antigen-dependent fashion, had greater proliferative capacity, and produced more cytokines after repeated stimulations in comparison with IL13Rα2-CAR T cells. No autonomous IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T-cell proliferation was observed; however, IL15 expression increased IL13Rα2-CAR T-cell viability in the absence of exogenous cytokines or antigen. In vivo, IL13Rα2-CAR.IL15 T cells persisted longer and had greater antiglioma activity than IL13Rα2-CAR T cells, resulting in a survival advantage. Gliomas recurring after 40 days after T-cell injection had downregulated IL13Rα2 expression, indicating that antigen loss variants occur in the setting of improved T-cell persistence. Thus, CAR T cells for GBM should not only be genetically modified to improve their proliferation and persistence, but also to target multiple antigens.Summary: Glioblastoma responds imperfectly to immunotherapy. Transgenic expression of IL15 in T cells expressing CARs improved their proliferative capacity, persistence, and cytokine production. The emergence of antigen loss variants highlights the need to target multiple tumor antigens. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(7); 571-81. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Krenciute
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brooke L Prinzing
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Liu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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24
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Huang J, Liu F, Liu Z, Tang H, Wu H, Gong Q, Chen J. Immune Checkpoint in Glioblastoma: Promising and Challenging. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:242. [PMID: 28536525 PMCID: PMC5422441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe malignant brain cancer with poor overall survival. Conventional intervention remains dismal to prevent recurrence and deterioration of GBM cell. Recent years have witnessed exciting breakthroughs in novel immune strategies, especially checkpoint inhibitors, some of which have become adjuvant setting after standard of care in melanoma. Several clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing in glioblastoma and other brain carcinomas. Plus, synergistic combinations of checkpoint inhibitors with conventional therapy strategies—radiotherapy, temozolomide, bevacizumab, and corticosteroids are now being exploited and applied in clinical settings. This review highlights the recent developments of checkpoints in GBM immunotherapy to provide a brief and comprehensive review of current treatment options. Furthermore, we will discuss challenges remained, such as unique immune system of central nervous system (CNS), immune-related toxicities, synergies, and adverse interactions of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU)Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU)Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Qianni Gong
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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25
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Li Q, Guo J, Wang W, Wang D. Relationship between MGMT gene expression and treatment effectiveness and prognosis in glioma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:229-233. [PMID: 28693158 PMCID: PMC5494848 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in different grade gliomas were analyzed in relation to its therapeutic effect and impact on disease prognosis. In total, 62 patients with glioma, who were admitted by neurosurgery and received surgical treatment and postoperative conventional chemoradiation, were selected for this study. Expression of MGMT was greater with an increase in brain glioma grade. Gender, age, tumor size and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score did not differ with MGMT expression (P>0.05). Expression of MGMT in normal brain tissue was slightly significantly different than expression of MGMT in glioma tissue (P<0.05). The short-term efficacy and survival time of the MGMT-negative expression group were better than those of MGMT-positive expression. MGMT was only treated as an index to monitor tumor recurrence or metastasis and a reference to judge the prognosis of patients. The expression level of MGMT in glioma had no relation with age, gender, tumor size, surgical approach and KPS score. For glioma patients with positive expression of MGMT, antineoplastic drugs of alkylating agent class should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shouguang City People's Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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26
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Farber SH, Elsamadicy AA, Atik AF, Suryadevara CM, Chongsathidkiet P, Fecci PE, Sampson JH. The Safety of available immunotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:277-287. [PMID: 27989218 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1273898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current standard of care involves maximal surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemoradiation. Growing support exists for a role of immunotherapy in treating these tumors with the goal of targeted cytotoxicity. Here we review data on the safety for current immunotherapies being tested in GBM. Areas covered: Safety data from published clinical trials, including ongoing clinical trials were reviewed. Immunotherapeutic classes currently under investigation in GBM include various vaccination strategies, adoptive T cell immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokine therapies. Trials include children, adolescents, and adults with either primary or recurrent GBM. Expert opinion: Based on the reviewed clinical trials, the current immunotherapies targeting GBM are safe and well-tolerated with minimal toxicities which should be noted. However, the gains in patient survival have been modest. A safe and well-tolerated combinatory immunotherapeutic approach may be essential for optimal efficacy towards GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harrison Farber
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Aladine A Elsamadicy
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Ahmet Fatih Atik
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Carter M Suryadevara
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Pakawat Chongsathidkiet
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - John H Sampson
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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27
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Liu LH, Li H, Cheng XX, Kong QY, Chen XY, Wu ML, Li Y, Liu J, Li C. Correlative analyses of the expression levels of PIAS3, p-SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 with STAT3 activation in human astrocytomas. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:847-852. [PMID: 28035384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the growth and survival of glioblastoma cells has been well documented, while the reasons leading to STAT3 activation remains to be elucidated. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3, SH2 domain‑containing phosphatase (SHP2) and protein inhibitors of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) are known to inhibit STAT3 signal transduction, while their expression statuses in the four grades of astrocytomas and relevance with STAT3 activation remain to be described. The present study aimed to address these issues by tissue microarray‑based immunohistochemical profiling the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑STAT3, SOCS1, SOCS3, PIAS3 and p‑SHP2. The results revealed that p‑STAT3 nuclear translocation was rarely observed in non‑cancerous brain tissues and its frequencies were increased in a tumor grade‑associated manner (65.2, 77.1, 81.8 and 85.7% for grade I‑IV, respectively). PIAS3, p‑SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 were expressed in higher levels (++ and +++) in 63.6, 90, 87.5 and 81.8% of tumor surrounding brain tissues, which reduced to 13.1, 47.8, 33.3 and 50% in grade I, 11.4, 65.7, 58.3 and 77.1% in grade II, 9.1, 63.6, 38.1 and 31.8% in grade III and 7.1, 66.7, 30.8 and 7.1% in grade IV astrocytomas. The above results revealed that although the expression levels of SOCS1, SOCS3 and, in particular, p‑SHP2, tend to decrease in the four types of astrocytomas, PIAS3 downregulation is more negatively correlated with STAT3 activation in the stepwise progress of astrocytomas and would indicate an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Cheng
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qing-You Kong
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mo-Li Wu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Neagu MR, Reardon DA. An Update on the Role of Immunotherapy and Vaccine Strategies for Primary Brain Tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 26454859 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Existing therapies for glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, have fallen short of improving the dismal patient outcomes, with an average 14-16-month median overall survival. The biological complexity and adaptability of GBM, redundancy of dysregulated signaling pathways, and poor penetration of therapies through the blood-brain barrier contribute to poor therapeutic progress. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM consists of maximal safe resection, followed by fractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and 6-12 cycles of adjuvant TMZ. At progression, bevacizumab with or without additional chemotherapy is an option for salvage therapy. The recent FDA approval of sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer and ipilumimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab for select solid tumors and the ongoing trials showing clinical efficacy and response durability herald a new era of cancer treatment with the potential to change standard-of-care treatment across multiple cancers. The evaluation of various immunotherapeutics is advancing for GBM, putting into question the dogma of the CNS as an immuno-privileged site. While the field is yet young, both active immunotherapy involving vaccine strategies and cellular therapy as well as reversal of GBM-induced global immune-suppression through immune checkpoint blockade are showing promising results and revealing essential immunological insights regarding kinetics of the immune response, immune evasion, and correlative biomarkers. The future holds exciting promise in establishing new treatment options for GBM that harness the patients' own immune system by activating it with immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing specificity using vaccine therapy, and allowing for modulation and enhancement by combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha R Neagu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, G4200, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, WACC 8-835m 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, G4200, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Mignogna C, Signorelli F, Vismara MFM, Zeppa P, Camastra C, Barni T, Donato G, Di Vito A. A reappraisal of macrophage polarization in glioblastoma: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:491-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Characterization and Functional Analysis of scFv-based Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Redirect T Cells to IL13Rα2-positive Glioma. Mol Ther 2015; 24:354-363. [PMID: 26514825 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an attractive approach to improve outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). IL13Rα2 is expressed at a high frequency in GBM but not in normal brain, making it a promising CAR T-cell therapy target. IL13Rα2-specific CARs generated up to date contain mutated forms of IL13 as an antigen-binding domain. While these CARs target IL13Rα2, they also recognize IL13Rα1, which is broadly expressed. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a panel of IL13Rα2-specific CARs that contain the IL13Rα2-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) 47 as an antigen binding domain, short or long spacer regions, a transmembrane domain, and endodomains derived from costimulatory molecules and CD3.ζ (IL13Rα2-CARs). IL13Rα2-CAR T cells recognized IL13Rα2-positive target cells in coculture and cytotoxicity assays with no cross-reactivity to IL13Rα1. However, only IL13Rα2-CAR T cells with a short spacer region produced IL2 in an antigen-dependent fashion. In vivo, T cells expressing IL13Rα2-CARs with short spacer regions and CD28.ζ, 41BB.ζ, and CD28.OX40.ζ endodomains had potent anti-glioma activity conferring a significant survival advantage in comparison to mice that received control T cells. Thus, IL13Rα2-CAR T cells hold the promise to improve current IL13Rα2-targeted immunotherapy approaches for GBM and other IL13Rα2-positive malignancies.
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Lollo G, Vincent M, Ullio-Gamboa G, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Couez D, Benoit JP. Development of multifunctional lipid nanocapsules for the co-delivery of paclitaxel and CpG-ODN in the treatment of glioblastoma. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:972-80. [PMID: 26428632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, multifunctional lipid nanocapsules (M-LNC) were designed to combine the activity of the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX) with the immunostimulant CpG. This nanosystem, consisting of modified lipid nanocapsules coated with a cationic polymeric shell composed of chitosan (CS), was able to allocate the hydrophobic drug PTX in the inner oily core, and to associate onto the surface the genetic material CpG. The CS-coated LNC (CS-LNC), showed a narrow size distribution with an average size of 70 nm and a positive zeta potential (+25 mV). They encapsulated PTX in a high amount (98%), and, due to the cationic surface charge, were able to adsorb CpG without losing stability. As a preliminary in vitro study, the apoptotic effect on GL261 glioma cells was investigated. The drug-loaded CS-LNC exhibited the ability to interact with glioma cells and induce an important apoptotic effect in comparison with blank systems. Finally, the M-LNC made of CS-LNC loaded with both CpG and PTX were tested in vivo, injected via convention enhanced delivery (CED) in GL261-glioma-bearing mice. The results showed that the overall survival of mice treated with the M-LNC was significantly increased in comparison with the control, Taxol(®), or the separated injection of PTX-loaded LNC and CpG. This effect was also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which revealed the reduction of tumor growth in the animals treated with CpG and PTX-loaded M-LNC. All these findings suggested that the developed M-LNC could potentiate both CpG immunopotency and PTX antitumor activity by enhancing its delivery into the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lollo
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- INSERM, UMR892, F-49933 Angers, France; CNRS, UMR 6299, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Gabriela Ullio-Gamboa
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Lemaire
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Franconi
- PRIMEX-CIFAB, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, IRIS-IBS, CHU Angers F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Couez
- INSERM, UMR892, F-49933 Angers, France; CNRS, UMR 6299, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
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Xu G, Guo Y, Seng Z, Cui G, Qu J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1915-22. [PMID: 26252165 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising gene vehicles for cancer gene therapy. In our previous study, we reported that BMSCs expressing interleukin (IL)-18 effectively inhibit the growth of glioma in rats. In the present study, we further detected the effect of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and interferon (IFN)-β, both of which are immunostimulatory cytokines. BMSCs were genetically engineered to express IL-18 and IFN-β by transfection of recombinant lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Results showed that BMSCs co-expressing the two cytokines displayed more significant inhibition effect on glioma cell growth in vitro when compared with BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Treatment of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and IFN-β significantly prolonged the survival and inhibited tumor growth in a rat intracranial glioma model. Furthermore, these genetically engineered BMSCs remarkably promoted cell apoptosis, antitumor cytokine production and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in intracranial glioma tissues than BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Results of the present study suggested that IL-18 and IFN-β had a synergistic effect on glioma inhibition. Moreover, results provided evidence that delivery of IL-18 and IFN-β by BMSCs may be an excellent and promising approach to develop an effective treatment protocol for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhujiang Hospital, South Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Seng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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