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Wang D, Bu T, Li Y, He Y, Yang F, Zou L. Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Research Progress of Puerarin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2121. [PMID: 36358493 PMCID: PMC9686758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of medicine and food homologous plant, kudzu root (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) is called an "official medicine" in Chinese folk medicine. Puerarin is the main active component extracted from kudzu root, and its structural formula is 8-β-D-grapes pyranose-4, 7-dihydroxy isoflavone, with a white needle crystal; it is slightly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is colorless or light yellow. Puerarin is a natural antioxidant with high health value and has a series of biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, immunity improvement, and cardio-cerebrovascular and nerve cell protection. In particular, for the past few years, it has also been extensively used in clinical study. This review focuses on the antioxidant activity of puerarin, the therapy of diverse types of inflammatory diseases, various new drug delivery systems of puerarin, the "structure-activity relationship" of puerarin and its derivatives, and pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, which can provide a new perspective for the puerarin-related drug research and development, clinical application, and further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tong Bu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Asset and Laboratory Management Department, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yueyue He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Academic Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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LOW PREVALENCE OF COVID-19 IN LAOS AND CAMBODIA: DOES DIET PLAY A ROLE? ACTA MEDICA LEOPOLIENSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.25040/aml2022.1-2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to review the involvement of different dietary habits in Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese populations in reducing COVID19 impact.
Materials and Methods. The methods of collection, systematization, analysis and generalization of information data have been used. The analysis of literature in scientific databases and analytical platforms by the listed keywords has been performed; all relevant references in the found sources have also been reviewed.
Results and Discussion. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by a highly pathogenic human coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. Current epidemiology reported that more than 500 million cases of COVID-19 occurred in more than 180 countries worldwide. When the upper respiratory tract gets infected by low pathogenetic HCoVs, it typically triggers a mild respiratory disease. In contrast, when the lower airways get infected by highly pathogenic HCoVs, such as SARS-CoV2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur and even fatal pneumonia. Such a situation causes the need for an urgent search of effective treatment measures. A very low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos and Cambodia, as well as low mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Vietnam and Laos, are extremely interesting, especially because of their early exposure to the virus, continuing ties to China, relative poverty, and high population density. The use of several spices and aromatic herbs as natural treatments for several illnesses, including viral infections, has been reported since a long time ago. The research reviewed three integral elements of Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese diets, such as special culinary spices and herbs, coconut oil, and palm oil-rich for saturated fatty acids as well as fermented shrimp paste. Environmental and population genetic causes may be forwarded but moreover local dietary habits may have even a role in this evidence. Therefore, all these items highlight the possibility of a significant contribution of local cuisine and diet into the impact on appropriate anti-inflammatory and immune-resistant mechanisms of the human population.
Conclusions. The review on Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos inhabitants' diet helped to suggest the dietary factors having the contributing potential of reducing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms.
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Kumar A, Sharma M, Richardson CD, Kelvin DJ. Potential of Natural Alkaloids From Jadwar ( Delphinium denudatum) as Inhibitors Against Main Protease of COVID-19: A Molecular Modeling Approach. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:898874. [PMID: 35620478 PMCID: PMC9127362 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.898874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel corona virus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a major impact on global public health. COVID-19 cases continue to increase across the globe with high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. There is still a pressing demand for drug discovery and vaccine development against this highly contagious disease. To design and develop antiviral drugs against COVID-19, the main protease (Mpro) has emerged as one of the important drug targets. In this context, the present work explored Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum)-derived natural alkaloids as potential inhibitors against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 by employing a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation-based methods. Molecular docking and interaction profile analysis revealed strong binding on the Mpro functional domain with four natural alkaloids viz. panicutine (-7.4 kcal/mol), vilmorrianone (-7.0 kcal/mol), denudatine (-6.0 kcal/mol), and condelphine (-5.9 kcal/mol). The molecular docking results evaluated by using the MD simulations on 200 nanoseconds confirmed highly stable interactions of these compounds with the Mpro. Additionally, mechanics/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations also affirmed the docking results. Natural alkaloids explored in the present study possess the essential drug-likeness properties, namely, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and are in accordance with Lipinski's rule of five. The results of this study suggest that these four bioactive molecules, namely, condelphine, denudatine, panicutine, and vilmorrianone, might be effective candidates against COVID-19 and can be further investigated using a number of experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Centre for Vaccinology CCfV, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Centre for Vaccinology CCfV, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Centre for Vaccinology CCfV, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Centre for Vaccinology CCfV, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Ali F, Alom S, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Singh UP, Bhat HR. Implication of in silico studies in the search for novel inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100360. [PMID: 35244237 PMCID: PMC9073995 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease mainly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It had spread from Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and spread over 222 countries and territories all over the world. Earlier, at the very beginning of COVID-19 infection, there were no approved medicines or vaccines for combating this disease, which adversely affected a lot of individuals worldwide. Although frequent mutation leads to the generation of more deadly variants of SARS-CoV-2, researchers have developed several highly effective vaccines that were approved for emergency use by the World Health Organization (WHO), such as mRNA-1273 by Moderna, BNT162b2 by Pfizer/BioNTech, Ad26.COV2.S by Janssen, AZD1222 by Oxford/AstraZeneca, Covishield by the Serum Institute of India, BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm, coronaVac by Sinovac, and Covaxin by Bharat Biotech, and the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral drug Veklury (remdesivir) for the treatment of COVID-19. Several waves of COVID-19 have already occurred worldwide, and good-quality vaccines and medicines should be available for ongoing as well as upcoming waves of the pandemic. Therefore, in silico studies have become an excellent tool for identifying possible ligands that could lead to the development of safer medicines or vaccines. Various phytoconstituents from plants and herbs with antiviral properties are studied further to obtain inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. In silico screening of various molecular databases like PubChem, ZINC, Asinex Biol-Design Library, and so on has been performed extensively for finding effective ligands against targets. Herein, in silico studies carried out by various researchers are summarized so that one can easily find the best molecule for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farak Ali
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceTezpur, SonitpurAssamIndia
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceTezpur, SonitpurAssamIndia
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
| | - Surajit K. Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
| | - Udaya P. Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of AgricultureTechnology & SciencesAllahabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Hans R. Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
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Kumar A, Mishra DC, Angadi UB, Yadav R, Rai A, Kumar D. Inhibition Potencies of Phytochemicals Derived from Sesame Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Molecular Docking and Simulation Study. Front Chem 2021; 9:744376. [PMID: 34692642 PMCID: PMC8531729 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.744376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has now spread across the nations with high mortality rates and multifaceted impact on human life. The proper treatment methods to overcome this contagious disease are still limited. The main protease enzyme (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) is essential for viral replication and has been considered as one of the potent drug targets for treating COVID-19. In this study, virtual screening was performed to find out the molecular interactions between 36 natural compounds derived from sesame and the Mpro of COVID-19. Four natural metabolites, namely, sesamin, sesaminol, sesamolin, and sesamolinol have been ranked as the top interacting molecules to Mpro based on the affinity of molecular docking. Moreover, stability of these four sesame-specific natural compounds has also been evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 nanoseconds. The molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations revealed that these compounds have stable and favorable energies, causing strong binding with Mpro. These screened natural metabolites also meet the essential conditions for drug likeness such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties as well as Lipinski's rule of five. Our finding suggests that these screened natural compounds may be evolved as promising therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ulavappa Basavanneppa Angadi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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