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Tripathi N, Naik A, Kumar DN, Bhardwaj N, Goel B, Kumar S, Chakrabarty S, Ranjan A, Guru SK, Kumar S, Agrawal A, Jain SK. Unveiling the healing properties of 2,3-dehydrosilychristin: a potential silymarin-derived flavonolignan from Vitex negundo. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38333925 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2312542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The compound 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, a flavonolignan linked to silychristin and silymarin, remains intriguing due to its challenging isolation from silymarin. While silymarin has been the exclusive source of flavonolignans - silybin, silychristin and silydianin - 2,3-dehydrosilychristin is reported in this study from Vitex negundo Linn. leaves. 2,3-Dehydrosilychristin (7) and 14 other compounds were isolated through focused extraction. Its subsequent pharmacological evaluation demonstrated potent antioxidant and in-vitro anti-inflammatory effects, notably inhibiting cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF. In in-vivo assessments, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin (7) revealed remarkable hepatoprotective potential by reducing liver enzyme levels AST and ALT. These findings expand the potential of 2,3-dehydrosilychristin and suggest bioprospecting Vitex species as alternate sources of bioactive flavonolignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Aliva Naik
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sanheeta Chakrabarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Kabra A, Baghel US, Hano C, Martins N, Khalid M, Sharma R. Neuroprotective potential of Myrica esulenta in Haloperidol induced Parkinson's disease. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:448-454. [PMID: 32912644 PMCID: PMC7772500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrica esculenta is a notable therapeutic plant widely utilized in Indian system of medicine. Ayurvedic literature reported fruit and bark of this plant is used in gulma, jvara, arsa, grahani, pandu roga, hrillasa, mukha roga, kasa, svasa, agnimandhya, aruchi, meha, and kantharoga. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of "Himalayan Bayberry" (Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) leaves methanol extract in Parkinson's disease induced by haloperidol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present investigation was completed in wistar rats, in which Parkinson's disease (PD) was induced with haloperidol 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. The rats were randomly divided into six gatherings and the test animals received the methanolic extract of M. esculenta (MEME) at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, orally for one week. Various behavioural, biochemical and histopathological parameters were estimated in haloperidol exposed rats. RESULTS MEME demonstrated significant and dose-dependent increment in behavioural activity and improved muscle coordination. The significant diminution in malonaldehyde level while improved the level of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in extract treated group were observed as compared to the control group. Histopathological changes revealed MEME significantly reduced haloperidol-induced damage in the substantia nigra and there was very little neuronal atrophy. CONCLUSION The outcomes showed the defensive role of M. esculenta against PD. The mechanism of protection may be due to an escalation of cellular antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kabra
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Raffles University, Neemrana, 301705, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Uttam Singh Baghel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kota, Kota, 325003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Orleans University, 45067 CEDEX 2, Orléans, France; Bioactifs et Cosmetiques, CNRS GDR 3711 Orleans, 45067 CEDEX 2, Orléans, France
| | - Natalia Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Heath (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pachava S, Chandu VC, Yaddanapalli SC, Dasari AB, Assaf HM. Comparing Caries Experience between Azadirachta indica Chewing Stick Users and Toothbrush Users among 35-44-Year-Old Rural Population of Southern India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:417-422. [PMID: 31516877 PMCID: PMC6714418 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_428_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the caries experience between Azadirachta indica chewing stick users and toothbrush users among 35-44-year-old rural population in Southern India. Materials and Methods This ex post facto research was conducted in the rural parts of two sub-administrative areas of a district in the Southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The sample size for the study was determined to be 400, with 200 subjects in each group. Subjects following indigenous oral hygiene methods were identified using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. After obtaining 200 subjects using A. indica chewing sticks, age, gender, and socioeconomic status matched controls using toothbrush were identified. American Dental Association type III examination was carried out to record caries experience (decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) Index) after obtaining informed consent and thus obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20. Results It was observed that the caries experience was more in toothbrush users compared to subjects following indigenous methods (DMFT, 4.38 ± 1.93 vs. 3.54 ± 1.02). Similar results were obtained when the decay component of DMFT index was exclusively compared. No significant difference in the plaque scores and the mean number of filled, missing teeth was observed between the two groups. Conclusion Though conclusive results cannot be drawn from this study about the positive influence of indigenous methods on caries experience, the results emphasize the cardinal need to more thoroughly understand the potential benefits of indigenous methods before dismissing them as retrogressive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Pachava
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswa C Chandu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh C Yaddanapalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ankineedu B Dasari
- Department of Advanced Education in General Dentistry(AEGD), School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hussein M Assaf
- Department of Advanced Education in General Dentistry(AEGD), School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kabra A, Martins N, Sharma R, Kabra R, Baghel US. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A Natural Source for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060149. [PMID: 31159283 PMCID: PMC6631742 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) is a popular medicinal plant most commonly found in the sub-tropical Himalayas. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, inflammation, anemia, fever, diarrhea, and ear, nose, and throat disorders. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects, it is well recognized in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia. However, the recent upsurge in M. esculenta use and demand has led to illicit harvesting by the horticultural trade and habitat loss, pushing the plant to the brink of extinction. Thus, the present review aims to provide updated information on M. esculenta botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicity, and conservation methods, as well as also highlight prospective for future research. Particular emphasis is also given to its antioxidant potential in health promotion. In-depth literature was probed by searching several sources via online databases, texts, websites, and thesis. About 57 compounds were isolated and identified from M. esculenta, and the available reports on physicochemical parameters, nutritional and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of bioactive plant parts are portrayed in a comparative manner. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications, such as micropropagation, germplasm preservation, synthetic seed production, and hairy root technologies are also discussed. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to propose the mechanistic role of crude extracts and other bioactives, and even to explore the structure–function relationship of active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kabra
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab 144603, India.
- Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota Rajasthan 325003, India.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India.
| | - Ruchika Kabra
- Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota Rajasthan 325003, India.
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Mahomoodally MF, Protab K, Aumeeruddy MZ. Medicinal plants brought by Indian indentured immigrants: A comparative review of ethnopharmacological uses between Mauritius and India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:245-289. [PMID: 30658182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mauritius is famous for its floricultural diversity and traditions practiced across the island by various ethnic groups. During the British rule in the 1835s, Indian indentured labourers migrated to Mauritius and played a very important role in shaping the Mauritian culture. They brought along their high heritage of traditional knowledge of certain medicinal herbs and spices. Nonetheless, there has been no comparative study to investigate whether these past traditional knowledge are still preserved in Mauritius and India. AIM OF THE STUDY To document and compare the traditional uses of medicinal herbs and spices brought by Indian indentured labourers with their current uses in Mauritius and India, and to review pharmacological studies of such plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Locally published textbooks, research dissertations, and relevant records from the 'Mauritiana' section of the University of Mauritius library were scrutinised for possible early records of such herbs and spices brought by Indian indentured immigrants. Field trips and site visits to Mauritius Herbarium and The National Folk Museum were conducted to gather data on their traditional uses as practiced by the Indian indentured immigrants. A literature search was performed to gather the current ethnomedicinal uses of these plants in Mauritius and India using key databases such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, as well as thesis from local university website. Pharmacological studies on these plants were also reviewed in an attempt to compare the ethnomedicinal uses against reported ailments. RESULTS Indian labourers brought 18 medicinal plants for medicinal purposes as documented at the folk museum of Indian Immigration. Piper betle L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Curcuma longa L. were common plants used by Indian indentured immigrants against a wide range of ailments. Data obtained from recent ethnomedicinal surveys revealed that A. indica and C. longa were the most traditionally used plants in India, while in Mauritius, C. longa was the most popular plant followed by Allium sativum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. It was also found that all these plants are currently being used against a wide range of diseases in both countries. In addition, several studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-pyretic, and anti-diabetic for some plants. CONCLUSION This investigation can be considered as a first attempt to document and compare traditional knowledge of medicinal plants brought by Indian immigrants. We observed that some of these knowledge are preserved and still practiced in Mauritius. It is anticipated that this study will revive the interest in safeguarding and promoting the ancestral knowledge on the uses of such plants.
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Patil S, Varma SA, Suragimath G, Abbayya K, Zope SA, Kale V. Evaluation of Irimedadi Taila as an adjunctive in treating plaque-induced gingivitis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:57-60. [PMID: 29031949 PMCID: PMC5884173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayurvedic drugs have been used since ancient times to treat diseases including periodontal diseases. Oral rinses made from ayurvedic medicines are used in periodontal therapy to control bleeding and reduce inflammation. To evaluate the efficacy of herbal preparation (Irimedadi taila) on reduction of plaque induced gingivitis. A total of 100 volunteers with clinical signs of mild to moderate gingivitis were selected and assigned to Group A (only scaling done) and Group B (scaling along with the use of Irimedadi taila). After recording the clinical parameters, the patients were instructed to use 2–3 drops of Irimedadi taila and gently massage the gums twice daily in Group B and oral hygiene instructions were given to all patients. Plaque and gingivitis assessment were carried out using the plaque index (Silness and Loe, 1964), Gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963), and modified sulcular bleeding index (Mombelli et al.) at baseline and at 21 days post treatment. Statistically analysis was carried out using the student's paired t test for intra group comparison and unpaired t test for inter group comparison. Results showed that Irimedadi taila is effective in reducing gingival index and gingival bleeding index scores in comparison to scaling alone and the values are statistically significant with p < 0.0001. Irimedadi taila is effective in treatment of plaque induced gingivitis and can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Patil
- School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India
| | - Siddhartha A Varma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India.
| | - Girish Suragimath
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India
| | - Keshava Abbayya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India
| | - Sameer A Zope
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India
| | - Vishwajeet Kale
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Dist.- Satara, Maharashtra state, 415110, India
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