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Asres E, Layloff T, Ashenef A. Development and validation of a high-performance thin layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combinations in tablet dosage forms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22891. [PMID: 38144316 PMCID: PMC10746409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CLA) combinations in tablet formulations. Chromatography was performed on precoated glass plates with normal phase silica gel 60 F254. The mobile phase was acetone:ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid:water (11:9:4:2 (v/v)). The plate was scanned at a wavelength of 428 nm after derivatization with ninhydrin. The validation of the method revealed that the linearity range lies between 400 and 1200 ng/band for AMX and 100-300 ng/band for CLA, with coefficients of determination of 0.9997 and 0.9966, respectively. Recoveries in standard addition accuracy studies were 100.3 % for AMX and 96.75 % for CLA. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the developed method are 20.3 ng/band and 61.6 ng/band for AMX and 18.5 ng/band and 56.2 ng/band for CLA, respectively. The new, novel high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method that was successfully developed in this study was applied for the simultaneous determination of AMX and CLA in their fixed-dose tablet dosage forms obtained from retail pharmacies and offered comparable results with the official British Pharmacopoeial high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esubalew Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Thomas Layloff
- Consultant, P O Box 286, Granite City, IL, 62040-0286, USA
| | - Ayenew Ashenef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.o.Box. 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Muchakayala SK, Katari NK, Saripella KK, Schaaf H, Marisetti VM, Kowtharapu LP, Jonnalagadda SB. AQbD based green UPLC method to determine mycophenolate mofetil impurities and Identification of degradation products by QToF LCMS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19138. [PMID: 36352016 PMCID: PMC9646803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an ideal method for quantifying impurities in mycophenolate mofetil drug substances and their oral suspension preparations. We developed a systematic and eco-friendly analytical approach utilizing quality by design (QbD) and green chemistry principles. Initially, the critical method parameters (CMPs) were screened using a D-optimal design. The robust final method conditions were optimized using a systematic central composite design (CCD). Through graphical and numerical optimization, the protocol conditions were augmented. The pH of mobile phase buffer (25 mM KH2PO4) (MP-A), initial gradient composition (% MP-A), flow rate (mL min-1), and column oven temperatures (°C) are 4.05, 87, 0.4, and 30, respectively. The best possible separation between the critical pairs was achieved while using the Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 × 2.1) mm, 1.7 µm analytical column. A mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 (v/v) was used as mobile phase-B for the gradient elution. The analytical method was validated in agreement with ICH and USP guidelines. The specificity results revealed that no peaks interfered with the impurities and MPM. The mean recovery of the impurities ranged between 96.2 and 102.7%, and the linearity results r > 0.999 across the range of LOQ - 150%. The precision results (%RSD) ranged between 0.8 and 4.5%. The degradation products formed during the base-induced degradation were identified as isomers of mycophenolic acid and sorbitol esters using Q-ToF LC-MS and their molecular and fragment ion peaks. The developed method eco-friendliness and greenness were assessed using analytical greenness (AGREE), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical eco score, and found it is green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Douglas Pharma US Inc, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974 USA ,Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | | | - Henele Schaaf
- Douglas Pharma US Inc, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974 USA
| | - Vishnu Murthy Marisetti
- Analytical Research and Development, ScieGen Pharmaceuticals Inc, 89 Arkay Drive, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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A derivatization-based densitometric method for simultaneous estimation of artemether and lumefantrine: Method development, validation and applications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A Stability-Indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromato-Graphic (UPLC) Method for the Determination of a Mycophenolic Acid-Curcumin Conjugate and Its Applications to Chemical Kinetic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175398. [PMID: 34500831 PMCID: PMC8433641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, precise, and accurate reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of a mycophenolic acid-curcumin (MPA-CUR) conjugate in buffer solutions. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm id, 1.7 µm) with a gradient elution system of water and acetonitrile, each containing 0.1% formic acid, at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column temperature was controlled at 33 °C. The compounds were detected simultaneously at the maximum wavelengths of mycophenolic acid (MPA), 254 nm, and curcumin (CUR), or MPA-CUR, at 420 nm. The developed method was validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The linear calibration curves of the assay ranged from 0.10 to 25 μg/mL (r2 ≥ 0.995, 1/x2 weighting factor), with a limit of detection and a limit of quantitation of 0.04 and 0.10 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the developed method were 98.4-101.6%, with %CV < 2.53%. The main impurities from the specificity test were found to be MPA and CUR. Other validation parameters, including robustness and solution stability, were acceptable under the validation criteria. Forced degradation studies were conducted under hydrolytic (acidic and alkaline), oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions. MPA-CUR was well separated from MPA, CUR, and other unknown degradation products. The validated method was successfully applied in chemical kinetic studies of MPA-CUR in different buffer solutions.
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Gackowski M, Koba M, Mądra-Gackowska K, Kośliński P, Kruszewski S. Recent Applications of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Derivative Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190226155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, no one can imagine drug development, marketing and post-marketing without
rigorous quality control at each stage. Only modern, selective, accurate and precise analytical methods
for determination of active compounds, their degradation products and stability studies are able to assure
the appropriate amount and purity of drugs administered every day to millions of patients all over
the world. For routine control of drugs simple, economic, rapid and reliable methods are desirable. The
major focus of current scrutiny is placed on high-performance thin layer chromatography and derivative
spectrophotometry methods, which fulfill routine drug estimation’s expectations [1-4]. The present
paper reveals state-of-the-art and possible applications of those methods in pharmaceutical analysis
between 2010 and 2018. The review shows advantages of high-performance thin layer chromatography
and derivative spectrophotometry, including accuracy and precision comparable to more expensive and
time-consuming methods as well as additional fields of possible applications, which contribute to resolving
many analytical problems in everyday laboratory practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kośliński
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics Division, Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Feng X, Cai J, Zhao H, Chen X. Rapid Separation and Screening of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Mycophenolic Acid with a Novel (Vinyl Ester) Resin Molecular Imprinted Monolithic Column. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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