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Castanheira J, Nunes C, Pereira T. Correlation between Epicardial Fat Thickness and Clinical and Anthropometric Variables in an Elderly Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20190179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Influence of abdominal obesity and habitual behaviors on incident atrial fibrillation in Japanese. J Cardiol 2018; 71:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Calabuig Á, Barba J, Guembe MJ, Díez J, Berjón J, Martínez-Vila E, Irimia P, Toledo E. Grasa epicárdica en la población general de mediana edad y su asociación con el síndrome metabólico. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Calabuig Á, Barba J, Guembe MJ, Díez J, Berjón J, Martínez-Vila E, Irimia P, Toledo E. Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the General Middle-aged Population and Its Association With Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:254-260. [PMID: 27888013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There is currently increasing interest in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) as a marker of cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to describe EAT, measured by transthoracic echocardiography, and to assess its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) in the RIVANA population-based study. METHODS Physical examination was performed in 880 participants aged 45 to 74 years (492 of them with MS according to the harmonized definition). Fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein concentrations were determined in a blood sample. In all participants, EAT thickness was measured with transthoracic echocardiography at end-systole. RESULTS Among participants without MS, the prevalence of EAT ≥ 5mm significantly increased with age (OR > 65 years vs 45-54 years=8.22; 95%CI, 3.90-17.35; P for trend<.001). Increasing EAT quintiles were significantly associated with MS (OR fifth quintile vs first quintile=3.26; 95%CI, 1.59-6.71; P for trend=.001). Considering the different MS criteria, increasing quintiles of EAT were independently associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR fifth quintile vs first quintile=2.65; 95%CI, 1.16-6.05; P for trend=.028), high triglycerides (OR fifth quintile vs first quintile=2.22; 95%CI, 1.26-3.90; P for trend=.003), and elevated waist circumference (OR fifth quintile vs first quintile=6.85; 95%CI, 2.91-16.11; P for trend<.001). CONCLUSIONS In a subsample of the general population, EAT measured by echocardiography increased significantly and independently with age. Increased EAT thickness was independently associated with MS and with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, and elevated waist circumference as individual criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Calabuig
- Departamento de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Barba
- Departamento de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Jesús Guembe
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Servicio de Planificación, Evaluación y Gestión del Conocimiento, Sección de Formación, Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Departamento de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Programa de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jesús Berjón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Vila
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Departamento de Neurología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Pablo Irimia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Departamento de Neurología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
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Godoy-Matos AF, Valério CM, Bragança JBE, Oliveira RDA, Zagury RL, Lustosa RDP, Camargo GC, Nascimento CADS, Moreira RO. Evaluation of epicardial adipose tissue in familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:29. [PMID: 25859279 PMCID: PMC4391299 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dunnigan type Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the limbs and excessive accumulation on the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Affected individuals have insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, dyslipidemia and early cardiovascular (CV) events, due to their imbalanced distribution of total body fat (TBF). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is correlated with VAT. Hence, EAT could be a new index of cardiac and visceral adiposity with great potential as a marker of CV risk in FPLD. OBJECTIVE Compare EAT in FPLD patients versus healthy controls. Moreover, we aimed to verify if EFT is related to anthropometrical (ATPM) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) measures, as well as laboratory blood findings. We postulated that FPLD patients have enlarged EAT. METHODS This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Six patients with a confirmed mutation in the LMNA gene for FPLD were enrolled in the study. Six sex, age and BMI-matched healthy controls were also selected. EFT was measured by transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO). All participants had body fat distribution evaluated by ATPM and by DEXA measures. Fasting blood samples were obtained for biochemical profiles and also for leptin measurements. RESULTS Median EFT was significantly higher in the FPLD group than in matched controls (6.0 ± 3.6 mm vs. 0.0 ± 2.04 mm; p = 0.0306). Additionally, FPLD patients had lower leptin values. There was no significant correlation between EAT and ATPM and DEXA measurements, nor laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, that EAT measured by ECHO is increased in FPLD patients, compared to healthy controls. However, it failed to prove a significant relation neither between EAT and DEXA, ATPM or laboratory variables analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia M Valério
- />Metabolism Unit, State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, IEDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Luis Zagury
- />Metabolism Unit, State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, IEDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo O Moreira
- />Metabolism Unit, State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, IEDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jain S, Mahadevaiah M, Shivanagappa M. A Comparative Study of Epicardial Fat Thickness and its Association with Abdominal Visceral Fat Thickness in Obese and Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2015; 25:103-107. [PMID: 28465946 PMCID: PMC5353421 DOI: 10.4103/2211-4122.172487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The concept of visceral fat and its role in various metabolic disorders is well-known. Epicardial fat (EF) is also visceral fat, and very few studies are done, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Aims: To study and establish the relationship of EF thickness (EFT) and abdominal visceral fat thickness (VAT) in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetics and to evaluate the usefulness of EFT as a marker of visceral adiposity. Settings and Designs: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, JSS Hospital, Mysore, India, between October 2012 and October 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 patients were studied. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and ultrasound abdomen. EFT and VAT were measured. Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used. T-test used for comparing quantitative variables. Correlation analysis was done using Pearson correlation test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test were used for analysis. Results: The mean value of EFT was 5.92 mm, 7.43 mm, 12.97 mm, 11.27 mm, and 13.8 mm for nonobese, obesity Grade I, II, III, and morbid, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean EFT between nonobese and obese diabetics was 5.92 mm and 10.2 mm, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean VAT between nonobese and obese diabetics was 16.58 mm and 38.53 mm, respectively. EFT was significantly correlating with VAT in obese diabetics. Conclusion: EFT and VAT were significantly correlated among obese diabetics while not significantly correlated among nonobese diabetics, suggesting obesity is an independent risk factor for visceral adipose tissue deposition both in abdomen as well as in epicardial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Jain
- Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Mahadevaiah
- Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Shivanagappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Niemann M, Alkadhi H, Gotschy A, Kozerke S, Manka R. [Epicardial fat: Imaging and implications for diseases of the cardiovascular system]. Herz 2014; 40 Suppl 3:282-90. [PMID: 25178875 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the obese (ob) gene product leptin, fat has been considered an endocrine organ. Especially epicardial fat has gained increasing attention in recent years. The epicardial fat plays a major role in fat metabolism; however, harmful properties have also been reported. Echocardiography, computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are the non-invasive tools used to measure epicardial fat volume. This review briefly introduces the basic physiological and pathophysiological considerations concerning epicardial fat. The main issue of this review is the presentation of non-invasive measurement techniques of epicardial fat using various imaging modalities and a literature overview of associations between epicardial fat and common cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niemann
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universität und ETH Zürich, Gloriastr. 35, CH-8092, Zürich, Schweiz,
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Akbas EM, Hamur H, Demirtas L, Bakirci EM, Ozcicek A, Ozcicek F, Kuyrukluyildiz U, Turkmen K. Predictors of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:55. [PMID: 24822086 PMCID: PMC4018267 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were introduced as potential markers to determine inflammation in various disorders. Recently, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was found to be closely associated with atherosclerosis in general population. Waist circumference is commonly used to assess the risk factors in various metabolic disorders. There has been a well known relation between inflammation and peripheral adipose tissue in diabetes mellitus. However, the data regarding EAT and inflammation is scant in this population. Hence, we aimed to determine the relationship between PLR, NLR, AIP, waist circumference and EAT in diabetic patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 156 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (87 females, 69 males; mean age, 53.62 ± 9.33 years) and 50 control subjects (35 females, 15 males; mean age, 51.06 ± 8.74 years). EAT was measured by using a trans-thoracic echocardiogram. Atherogenic index of plasma was calculated as the logarithmically transformed ratio of the serum triglyceride to high density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol. NLR and PLR were calculated as the ratio of the neutrophils and platelets to lymphocytes, respectively. RESULTS Waist circumference, PLR, NLR, AIP and EAT measurements were significantly higher in diabetic patients when compared to control subjects. When diabetic patients were separated into two groups according to their median value of EAT (Group 1, EAT < 4.53 (n = 78) and group 2, EAT ≥4.53 (n = 78)), group 2 patients had significantly higher Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, AIP, NLR and PLR levels. In the bivariate correlation analysis, EAT was positively correlated with PLR, NLR, AIP, BMI and waist circumference (r = 0.197, p = 0.014; r = 0.229, p = 0.004; r = 0.161, p = 0.044; r = 0.248, p = 0.002; r = 0.306, p < 0.001, respectively). Waist circumference was found to be independent variables of EAT. CONCLUSIONS Simple calculation of PLR and measurement of waist circumference were found to be associated with increased EAT in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin M Akbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Hamur
- Department of Cardiology, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Eftal M Bakirci
- Department of Cardiology, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kuyrukluyildiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Kultigin Turkmen
- Department of Nephrology, Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
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