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Gotschy A, Jordan S, Stoeck CT, Von Deuster C, Gastl M, Vishnevskiy V, Wissmann L, Dobrota R, Mihai C, Becker MO, Maurer B, Kozerke S, Ruschitzka F, Distler O, Manka R. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis precedes impairment of myocardial strain in patients with systemic sclerosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background - Myocardial involvement is common in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and causes myocardial fibrosis and subtle ventricular dysfunction. However, the temporal onset of myocardial involvement during the progression of the disease is yet unknown.
Purpose - To investigated the presence of subclinical functional impairment and diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS) and to compared the findings to patients with established SSc and healthy controls.
Methods - 110 SSc patients (86 with established SSc and 24 with VEDOSS) and 15 healthy controls were prospectively recruited. The study subjects underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance on a clinical 1.5T system. Pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping was performed using a MOLLI (Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery) sequence. For extracellular volume (ECV) measurements, a single bolus protocol with image acquisition 15-20 min. post-contrast injection was used. For the assessment of subtle functional impairment, global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential (GCS) myocardial strain were evaluated.
Results - Native T1 values and ECV were elevated in VEDOSS and in patients with established SSc compared to controls (p < 0.001; Figure 1 A & B). GLS was similar in VEDOSS and controls but significantly reduced in patients with established SSc (p < 0.001; Figure 1 C). GCS was similar over all groups (p = 0.88). Patients with clinical evidence of pulmonary or gastrointestinal involvement had higher ECV or T1 values, respectively. Patients with clinical signs of cardiac involvement had lower absolute GLS. SSc subtype, classification or disease duration were not associated with the extent of myocardial fibrosis or impaired strain.
Conclusion - Subclinical myocardial involvement first manifests as diffuse myocardial fibrosis identified by expansion of ECV and increased native T1 in VEDOSS patients while subtle functional impairment as measured by GLS only occurs in established SSc. No single clinical feature of SSc shows a strong association with subtle myocardial involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gotschy
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Jordan
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - CT Stoeck
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Von Deuster
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Gastl
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Vishnevskiy
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Wissmann
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Dobrota
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Mihai
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - MO Becker
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Maurer
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kozerke
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Ruschitzka
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Distler
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Karolyi M, Gotschy A, Plein S, Paetsch I, Jahnke C, Frick M, Gebker R, Alkadhi H, Manka R. 3D cardiac magnetic resonance stress-perfusion in elderly patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation
Introduction
Age related comorbidities and reduced compliance often limit ischaemia testing in elderly patients.
Purpose
To assessed the accuracy of 3D cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) stress perfusion in the elderly population.
Methods
56 patients aged ≥75 years underwent 3D CMR stress-perfusion and invasive coronary angiography with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) as part of a multicenter study. The accuracy of 3D CMR stress-perfusion was compared to patients aged <75 years old (n = 360) using qualitative and quantitative imaging parameters.
Results
Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of qualitative 3D perfusion CMR were similar for both age groups in the detection of high-grade (≥50%) coronary stenosis on QCA and hemodynamically relevant (<0.8) stenosis on FFR, p > 0.05 all. Quantitative myocardial ischemia burden was larger in elderly patients (15% ± 17% vs. 9% ± 13%) with similarly high diagnostic accuracy of quantitative 3D CMR perfusion in both age groups to predict pathological FFR (AUC ≥75: 0.906; AUC <75: 0.866).
Conclusions
3D CMR perfusion is well suited for myocardial ischaemia testing in the elderly patients with similarly high diagnostic accuracy as in younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karolyi
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Gotschy
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Plein
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - I Paetsch
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Jahnke
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Frick
- RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Gebker
- German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Alkadhi
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Polacin M, Karolyi M, Eberhard M, Gotschy A, Baessler B, Alkadhi H, Kozerke S, Manka R. Segmental strain analysis for the detection of chronic ischemic scars in non-contrast cardiac MRI cine images. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12376. [PMID: 34117271 PMCID: PMC8195981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is considered the gold standard for scar detection after myocardial infarction. In times of increasing skepticism about gadolinium depositions in brain tissue and contraindications of gadolinium administration in some patient groups, tissue strain-based techniques for detecting ischemic scars should be further developed as part of clinical protocols. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to investigate whether segmental strain is noticeably affected in chronic infarcts and thus can be potentially used for infarct detection based on routinely acquired non-contrast cine images in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-six patients with known CAD and chronic scars in LGE images (5 female, mean age 52 ± 19 years) and 24 gender- and age-matched controls with normal cardiac MRI (2 female, mean age 47 ± 13 years) were retrospectively enrolled. Global (global peak circumferential [GPCS], global peak longitudinal [GPLS], global peak radial strain [GPRS]) and segmental (segmental peak circumferential [SPCS], segmental peak longitudinal [SPLS], segmental peak radial strain [SPRS]) strain parameters were calculated from standard non-contrast balanced SSFP cine sequences using commercially available software (Segment CMR, Medviso, Sweden). Visual wall motion assessment of short axis cine images as well as segmental circumferential strain calculations (endo-/epicardially contoured short axis cine and resulting polar plot strain map) of every patient and control were presented in random order to two independent blinded readers, which should localize potentially infarcted segments in those datasets blinded to LGE images and patient information. Global strain values were impaired in patients compared to controls (GPCS p = 0.02; GPLS p = 0.04; GPRS p = 0.01). Patients with preserved ejection fraction showed also impeded GPCS compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.04). In patients, mean SPCS was significantly impaired in subendocardially (- 5.4% ± 2) and in transmurally infarcted segments (- 1.2% ± 3) compared to remote myocardium (- 12.9% ± 3, p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). ROC analysis revealed an optimal cut-off value for SPCS for discriminating infarcted from remote myocardium of - 7.2% with a sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 85.7%. Mean SPRS was impeded in transmurally infarcted segments (15.9% ± 6) compared to SPRS of remote myocardium (31.4% ± 5; p = 0.02). The optimal cut-off value for SPRS for discriminating scar tissue from remote myocardium was 16.6% with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 76.5%. 80.3% of all in LGE infarcted segments (118/147) were correctly localized in segmental circumferential strain calculations based on non-contrast cine images compared to 53.7% (79/147) of infarcted segments detected by visual wall motion assessment (p > 0.01). Global strain parameters are impaired in patients with chronic infarcts compared to controls. Mean SPCS and SPRS in scar tissue is impeded compared to remote myocardium in infarcts patients. Blinded to LGE images, two readers correctly localized 80% of infarcted segments in segmental circumferential strain calculations based on non-contrast cine images, in contrast to only 54% of infarcted segments detected due to wall motion abnormalities in visual wall motion assessment. Analysis of segmental circumferential strain shows a promising method for detection of chronic scars in routinely acquired, non-contrast cine images for patients who cannot receive or decline gadolinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Polacin
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Karolyi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Eberhard
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Gotschy
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Baessler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Alkadhi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Anwer S, Heiniger P, Rogler S, Cassani D, Rebellius L, Kuzo N, Gotschy A, Erhart L, Kebernik J, Schmid D, Pazhenkottil A, Meyer M, Schoenenberger-Berzins R, Gruner C, Tanner F. Circumferential deformation in diagnosis and risk assessment of patients with left ventricular non-compaction. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Echocardiography-based deformation analysis is used for studying left ventricular (LV) mechanics and have an emerging role in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies. Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy characterised by a two-layered LV myocardium with prominent trabeculae separated by deep recesses perfused from the LV cavity. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT) may be difficult to differentiate from LVNC. In this study, we aim to develop a diagnostic algorithm based on the circumferential deformation (CD) of LVNC, LVHT and controls; and find their associations with LVNC outcomes.
Methods
We compared 45 LVNC patients, 45 LVHT individuals, and 45 matched healthy controls. LVNC was diagnosed according to current echocardiographic criteria. LVHT was defined as presence of three or more trabeculae in the LV apex visualised in both parasternal short axis and apical views. Controls had a normal echocardiographic examination and no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Strain analysis was performed using TomTec Image-Arena (version 4.6).
Results
Receiver observer characteristics curve (ROC) analyses revealed that GCS <22.3% differentiated LVNC from control or LVHT. In individuals with global circumferential strain (GCS) below 22.3%, an apical peak circumferential strain (PCS) cut-off value of 18.4% differentiated LVNC [<18.4%] and LVHT [≥18.4%] (fig. 1). An independent echocardiographer (Table 1) performed blind validation of diagnosis on 32 subjects from each group.
Combined endpoint of cardiovascular events in LVNC (CVE) is described in figure 2. Multi-variate regression analyses have shown that GCS was associated with 11-fold increased risk of CVE independent of LVEF and NC:C ratio, while global longitudinal strain (GLS) displayed only 2-fold increased risk. Regional basal and apical peak circumferential or longitudinal strain, left ventricular twist, basal-apical rotation ratio have shown significant associations (Fig. 3).
Conclusions
A diagnostic algorithm with GCS and aPCS (threshold value 18.4%) differentiates LVNC from LVHT and control with very high sensitivity and specificity independent of additional echocardiographic or clinical information. Circumferential strain derived parameters exhibit a very strong association with outcomes independent of LVEF and NC:C ratio. Absence of CVE in LVHT provides further evidence on the distinct nature of LVNC and LVHT.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): 2018 research grant from the Swiss Heart Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anwer
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - S Rogler
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Cassani
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Rebellius
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Kuzo
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Gotschy
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Erhart
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Kebernik
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Schmid
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Meyer
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gruner
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F.C Tanner
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Gastl M, Sürder D, Corti R, Faruque Osmany D, Gotschy A, von Spizcak J, Sokolska J, Metzen D, Alkadhi H, Ruschitzka F, Kozerke S, Manka R. Effect of intracoronary bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell injection early and late after myocardial infarction on CMR-derived myocardial strain. Int J Cardiol 2020; 310:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gotschy A, Von Deuster C, Van Gorkum RJH, Gastl M, Vintschger E, Flammer AJ, Manka R, Stoeck CT, Kozerke S. 4383Characterizing cardiac involvement in amyloidosis using in-vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gotschy
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Von Deuster
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R J H Van Gorkum
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Gastl
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Vintschger
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A J Flammer
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C T Stoeck
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kozerke
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Gastl M, Peereboom S, Gotschy A, Fuetterer M, Von Deuster C, Boenner F, Kelm M, Flammer A, Manka R, Kozerke S. 1162Quantification of cardiac creatine and triglycerides in amyloidosis using proton MR spectroscopy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Gastl
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Peereboom
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Gotschy
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Fuetterer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Von Deuster
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Boenner
- University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Kelm
- University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Flammer
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kozerke
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
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Saguner A, Gotschy A, Akdis D, Niemann M, Hamada S, Parmon E, Brunckhorst C, Delgado V, Bax J, Kozerke S, Duru F, Tanner F, Manka R. P1598A novel right ventricular outflow tract measure in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Manka R, Oebel S, Gotschy A, Kozerke S. 3-D-Perfusion – höhere Auflösung, bessere Aussagekraft? Aktuel Kardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-118225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Manka
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - S. Oebel
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - A. Gotschy
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - S. Kozerke
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schweiz
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Niemann M, Alkadhi H, Gotschy A, Kozerke S, Manka R. [Epicardial fat: Imaging and implications for diseases of the cardiovascular system]. Herz 2014; 40 Suppl 3:282-90. [PMID: 25178875 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the obese (ob) gene product leptin, fat has been considered an endocrine organ. Especially epicardial fat has gained increasing attention in recent years. The epicardial fat plays a major role in fat metabolism; however, harmful properties have also been reported. Echocardiography, computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are the non-invasive tools used to measure epicardial fat volume. This review briefly introduces the basic physiological and pathophysiological considerations concerning epicardial fat. The main issue of this review is the presentation of non-invasive measurement techniques of epicardial fat using various imaging modalities and a literature overview of associations between epicardial fat and common cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niemann
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universität und ETH Zürich, Gloriastr. 35, CH-8092, Zürich, Schweiz,
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Davidson SM, Duchen MM, Yellon DM, Fields L, Zaccolo M, Laeremans H, Daskalopoulos EP, Janssen BJA, Blankesteijn WM, Tillmanns J, Hoffmann D, Habbaba Y, Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Bauersachs J, Novella S, Segarra G, Dantas AP, Bueno-Beti C, Novensa L, Lazaro-Franco M, Martinez-Gil N, Medina P, Hermenegildo C, Ohanian J, Liao A, Trafford AW, Ohanian V, Perez-Moreno A, Garcia-Canadilla P, Dominguez JM, Crispi F, Gratacos E, Amat-Roldan I, Gotschy A, Herold V, Bauer E, Schrodt C, Lykowsky G, Rommel E, Jakob P, Bauer W, Shah M, Sikkel MB, Desplantez T, Collins TP, O'Gara P, Harding SE, Lyon AR, Macleod KT, Ferrantini C, Sacconi L, Lotti I, Coppini R, Tesi C, Yan P, Loew LM, Cerbai E, Poggesi C, Pavone FS, Franco D, Daimi H, Dominguez JN, Hove-Madsen L, Cinca J, Vazquez E, Aranega AE, Poon KL, Kirchmaier BC, Schwerte T, Huisken J, Winkler C, Jungblut BC, Stainier DY, Brand T, Stuckey DJ, Tremoleda JL, Mcsweeney S, Fiedler L, Harada M, Carr CA, Tyler DJ, Gsell W, Clarke K, Schneider MD, Sequeira V, Regan JA, Michels M, Ten Cate FJ, Van Slegtenhorst MA, Stienen GJM, Dos Remedios C, Van Der Velden J. Oral abstract presentations. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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