1
|
López-Otín C, Kroemer G. The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation. Cell Stress 2024; 8:21-50. [PMID: 38476764 PMCID: PMC10928495 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health ("psychosocial adaptation") and as an additional stratum ("psychosocial interactions"), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mickle AM, Tanner JJ, Olowofela B, Wu S, Garvan C, Lai S, Addison A, Przkora R, Edberg JC, Staud R, Redden D, Goodin BR, Price CC, Fillingim RB, Sibille KT. Elucidating individual differences in chronic pain and whole person health with allostatic load biomarkers. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100682. [PMID: 37701788 PMCID: PMC10493889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a stressor that affects whole person functioning. Persistent and prolonged activation of the body's stress systems without adequate recovery can result in measurable physiological and neurobiological dysregulation recognized as allostatic load. We and others have shown chronic pain is associated with measures of allostatic load including clinical biomarker composites, telomere length, and brain structures. Less is known regarding how different measures of allostatic load align. The purpose of the study was to evaluate relationships among two measures of allostatic load: a clinical composite and pain-related brain structures, pain, function, and socioenvironmental measures. Participants were non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white community-dwelling adults between 45 and 85 years old with knee pain. Data were from a brain MRI, questionnaires specific to pain, physical and psychosocial function, and a blood draw. Individuals with all measures for the clinical composite were included in the analysis (n = 175). Indicating higher allostatic load, higher levels of the clinical composite were associated with thinner insula cortices with trends for thinner inferior temporal lobes and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Higher allostatic load as measured by the clinical composite was associated with greater knee osteoarthritis pathology, pain disability, and lower physical function. Lower allostatic load as indicated by thicker insula cortices was associated with higher income and education, and greater physical functioning. Thicker insula and DLPFC were associated with a lower chronic pain stage. Multiple linear regression models with pain and socioenvironmental measures as the predictors were significant for the clinical composite, insular, and inferior temporal lobes. We replicate our previously reported bilateral temporal lobe group difference pattern and show that individuals with high chronic pain stage and greater socioenvironmental risk have a higher allostatic load as measured by the clinical composite compared to those individuals with high chronic pain stage and greater socioenvironmental buffers. Although brain structure differences are shown in individuals with chronic pain, brain MRIs are not yet clinically applicable. Our findings suggest that a clinical composite measure of allostatic load may help identify individuals with chronic pain who have biological vulnerabilities which increase the risk for poor health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Mickle
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 101 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jared J. Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Bankole Olowofela
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL. 32610, USA
| | - Stanley Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 101 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Cynthia Garvan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL. 32610, USA
| | - Song Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology & CTSI Human Imaging Core, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriana Addison
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA
| | - Rene Przkora
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL. 32610, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Roland Staud
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100277, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Redden
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Burel R. Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catherine C. Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Roger B. Fillingim
- Department of Community of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1329 SW 16th St, Room 5180, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kimberly T. Sibille
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 101 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL. 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aguida B, Chabi MM, Baouz S, Mould R, Bell JD, Pooam M, André S, Archambault D, Ahmad M, Jourdan N. Near-Infrared Light Exposure Triggers ROS to Downregulate Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Cell Culture. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1824. [PMID: 37891903 PMCID: PMC10604116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of mortality from SARS-CoV-2 is an exaggerated host immune response, triggering cytokine storms, multiple organ failure and death. Current drug- and vaccine-based therapies are of limited efficacy against novel viral variants. Infrared therapy is a non-invasive and safe method that has proven effective against inflammatory conditions for over 100 years. However, its mechanism of action is poorly understood and has not received widespread acceptance. We herein investigate whether near-infrared (NIR) light exposure in human primary alveolar and macrophage cells could downregulate inflammatory cytokines triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and via what underlying mechanism. Our results showed a dramatic reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines within days of NIR light treatment, while anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. Mechanistically, NIR light stimulated mitochondrial metabolism, induced transient bursts in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated antioxidant gene transcription. These, in turn, downregulated ROS and inflammatory cytokines. A causal relationship was shown between the induction of cellular ROS by NIR light exposure and the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines triggered by SARS-CoV-2 S. If confirmed by clinical trials, this method would provide an immediate defense against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and other inflammatory infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Aguida
- UMR8256, CNRS, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (B.A.)
| | | | - Soria Baouz
- UMR8256, CNRS, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (B.A.)
| | - Rhys Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK (J.D.B.)
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK (J.D.B.)
| | - Marootpong Pooam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Sebastien André
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Research Unit, Sorbonne University, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Archambault
- Laboratoire CHArt, University of Paris 8-Vincennes-Saint-Denis, 93526 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- UMR8256, CNRS, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (B.A.)
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- UMR8256, CNRS, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (B.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Agathokleous E, Iavicoli I, Giordano J. Hormesis, biological plasticity, and implications for clinical trial research. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102028. [PMID: 37549872 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The present paper identifies a critical factor that leads to false negative results (i.e., failing to indicate efficacy when beneficial results did occur) in randomized human drug trials. The paper demonstrates that human performance can only be enhanced by a maximum of 30-60% as described by the hormetic dose response which defines the limits of biological plasticity. However, human epidemiological/clinical trials typically contain such extensive variability that often requires responses greater than 2-3 times control group responses to show statistical significance. Thus, many potentially beneficial agents may be missed because the clinical trial fails to recognize and take into consideration the limits of biological plasticity. The paper proposes that this hormesis-biological plasticity-clinical trial conundrum can be addressed successfully via the use of a weight-of-evidence methodology similar to that used by regulatory agencies such as EPA in environmental assessment of chemical toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kundu S, Singh S. What Happens in TBI? A Wide Talk on Animal Models and Future Perspective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1139-1164. [PMID: 35794772 PMCID: PMC10286592 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706094248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern and a leading cause of death. The most common causes of TBI include road accidents, sports injuries, violence in warzones, and falls. TBI induces neuronal cell death independent of age, gender, and genetic background. TBI survivor patients often experience long-term behavioral changes like cognitive and emotional changes. TBI affects social activity, reducing the quality and duration of life. Over the last 40 years, several rodent models have been developed to mimic different clinical outcomes of human TBI for a better understanding of pathophysiology and to check the efficacy of drugs used for TBI. However, promising neuroprotective approaches that have been used preclinically have been found to be less beneficial in clinical trials. So, there is an urgent need to find a suitable animal model for establishing a new therapeutic intervention useful for TBI. In this review, we have demonstrated the etiology of TBI and post- TBI social life alteration, and also discussed various preclinical TBI models of rodents, zebrafish, and drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahebnasagh A, Eghbali S, Saghafi F, Sureda A, Avan R. Neurohormetic phytochemicals in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:36. [PMID: 35953850 PMCID: PMC9367062 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The world population is progressively ageing, assuming an enormous social and health challenge. As the world ages, neurodegenerative diseases are on the rise. Regarding the progressive nature of these diseases, none of the neurodegenerative diseases are curable at date, and the existing treatments can only help relieve the symptoms or slow the progression. Recently, hormesis has increased attention in the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The concept of hormesis refers to a biphasic dose-response phenomenon, where low levels of the drug or stress exert protective of beneficial effects and high doses deleterious or toxic effects. Neurohormesis, as the adaptive aspect of hormetic dose responses in neurons, has been shown to slow the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and reduce the damages caused by aging, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Hormesis was also observed to modulate anxiety, stress, pain, and the severity of seizure. Thus, neurohormesis can be considered as a potentially innovative approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative and other neurologic disorders. Herbal medicinal products and supplements are often considered health resources with many applications. The hormesis phenomenon in medicinal plants is valuable and several studies have shown that hormetic mechanisms of bioactive compounds can prevent or ameliorate the neurodegenerative pathogenesis in animal models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Moreover, the hormesis activity of phytochemicals has been evaluated in other neurological disorders such as Autism and Huntington’s disease. In this review, the neurohormetic dose–response concept and the possible underlying neuroprotection mechanisms are discussed. Different neurohormetic phytochemicals used for the better management of neurodegenerative diseases, the rationale for using them, and the key findings of their studies are also reviewed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Trigo D, Avelar C, Fernandes M, Sá J, da Cruz E Silva O. Mitochondria, energy, and metabolism in neuronal health and disease. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1095-1110. [PMID: 35088449 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are associated with various cellular activities critical to homeostasis, particularly in the nervous system. The plastic architecture of the mitochondrial network and its dynamic structure play crucial roles in ensuring that varying energetic demands are rapidly met to maintain neuronal and axonal energy homeostasis. Recent evidence associates ageing and neurodegeneration with anomalous neuronal metabolism, as age-dependent alterations of neuronal metabolism are now believed to occur prior to neurodegeneration. The brain has a high energy demand, which makes it particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. Distinct cellular events causing oxidative stress or disruption of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis can trigger a neuropathology. This review explores the bioenergetic hypothesis for the neurodegenerative pathomechanisms, discussing factors leading to age-related brain hypometabolism and its contribution to cognitive decline. Recent research on the mitochondrial network in healthy nervous system cells, its response to stress and how it is affected by pathology, as well as current contributions to novel therapeutic approaches will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Trigo
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Avelar
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Fernandes
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana Sá
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete da Cruz E Silva
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Brain health promotion: Tactics within a strategic approach based upon valid, yet evolving scientific evidence. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 201:111605. [PMID: 34798081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in finding ways to enhance longevity and the quality of life. This paper summarizes a vast scientific literature over the past two decades that has suggested approaches to enhancing biological resilience - and particularly neurological function - via hormetic and preconditioning processes. The employment of hormesis and preconditioning has been shown to protect biological systems from many of the effects of aging, both by sustaining structural and functional integrity, and by affording relative protection against certain types of diseases. The paper confronts the challenges - and opportunities - for society when considering possible practical use of evolving evidence about the mechanisms, processes and effects of these biological phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ultra low doses and biological amplification: Approaching Avogadro's number. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105738. [PMID: 34157423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes evidence establishing that ultra-low doses of diverse chemical agents at concentrations from 10-18 to 10-24 M (e.g., approaching and/or less than 1 atom or molecule of a substance/cell based on Avogadro's constant - 6.022×1023/mole) are capable of engaging receptor and intracellular signaling systems to elicit reproducible effects in a variety of species, from unicellular organisms to humans. Multiple experimental studies have shown that only one or very few molecules are needed to activate a cell and/or entire organism via cascade(s) of amplification mechanisms and processes. For example, ultra-low dose ligand exposure was able to activate both an individual cell, and ~3000 to 25,000 neighboring cells on average, by about 50%. Such activation of cells and whole organisms typically displayed hormetic-biphasic dose responses. These findings indicate that numerous, diverse phylogenetic systems have evolved highly sensitive detection and signaling mechanisms to enhance survival functions, such as defense against infectious agents, responses to diverse types of pheromone communications (e.g., alarm, sexual attraction), and development of several types of cellular protection/resilience processes. This suggests that ultra-low dose effects may be far more common than have been recognized to date. We posit that such findings have important implications for evolutionary theory, ecological and systems biology, and clinical medicine.
Collapse
|
10
|
Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Demonstrated hormetic mechanisms putatively subserve riluzole-induced effects in neuroprotection against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Implications for research and clinical practice. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101273. [PMID: 33571705 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides evidence to support that riluzole, an FDA-approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), like many neuroprotective agents, displays and exerts hormetic biphasic dose responses. These findings have important implications for the experimental study and clinical treatment of ALS.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antihyperglycemic and Lipid Profile Effects of Salvia amarissima Ortega on Streptozocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040947. [PMID: 33670091 PMCID: PMC7916882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia amarissima Ortega was evaluated to determinate its antihyperglycemic and lipid profile properties. Petroleum ether extract of fresh aerial parts of S. amarissima (PEfAPSa) and a secondary fraction (F6Sa) were evaluated to determine their antihyperglycemic activity in streptozo-cin-induced diabetic (STID) mice, in oral tolerance tests of sucrose, starch, and glucose (OSTT, OStTT, and OGTT, respectively), in terms of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In acute assays at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in hyperglycemia in STID mice, at the first and fifth hour after of treatment, respectively, and were comparable with acarbose. In the sub-chronic test, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction of glycemia since the first week, and the effect was greater than that of the acarbose control group. In relation to HbA1c, the treatments prevented the increase in HbA1c. In the case of TG and HDL, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in TG and an HDL increase from the second week. OSTT and OStTT showed that PEfAPSa and F6Sa significantly lowered the postprandial peak at 1 h after loading but only in sucrose or starch such as acarbose. The results suggest that S. amarissima activity may be mediated by the inhibition of disaccharide hydrolysis, which may be associated with an α-glucosidase inhibitory effect.
Collapse
|
12
|
Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Hormesis: A potential strategic approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:271-301. [PMID: 32854857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes neuroprotective effects mediated by pre- and post-conditioning-induced processes that act via the quantitative features of the hormetic dose response. These lead to the development of acquired resilience that can protect neuronal systems from endogenous and exogenous stresses and insult. Particular attention is directed to issues of dose optimization, inter-individual variation, and potential ways to further study and employ hormetic-based preconditioning approaches in medical and public health efforts to treat and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Human Research Protection Office, Research Compliance, University of Massachusetts, Hadley, MA, United States
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology & Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Esculetin as a Bifunctional Antioxidant Prevents and Counteracts the Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Death Induced by Amyloid Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060551. [PMID: 32630394 PMCID: PMC7346165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) appears to be an important determinant during the different stages of progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In particular, impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as the decrease of glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant genes, including those for GSH, are associated with OS in the human AD brain. Among the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, the soluble oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides seem to promote neuronal death through mitochondrial dysfunction and OS. In this regard, bifunctional antioxidants can exert a dual neuroprotective role by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly and concomitant induction of antioxidant genes. In this study, among natural coumarins (esculetin, scopoletin, fraxetin and daphnetin), we demonstrated the ability of esculetin (ESC) to prevent and counteract ROS formation in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting its profile as a bifunctional antioxidant. In particular, ESC increased the resistance of the SH-SY5Y cells against OS through the activation of Nrf2 and increase of GSH. In similar experimental conditions, ESC could also protect the SH-SY5Y cells from the OS and neuronal death evoked by oligomers of Aβ1–42 peptides. Further, the use of the inhibitors PD98059 and LY294002 also showed that Erk1/2 and Akt signaling pathways were involved in the neuroprotection mediated by ESC. These results encourage further research in AD models to explore the efficacy and safety profile of ESC as a novel neuroprotective agent.
Collapse
|
14
|
Amara I, Scuto M, Zappalà A, Ontario ML, Petralia A, Abid-Essefi S, Maiolino L, Signorile A, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese V. Hericium Erinaceus Prevents DEHP-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062138. [PMID: 32244920 PMCID: PMC7139838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium Erinaceus (HE) is a medicinal plant known to possess anticarcinogenic, antibiotic, and antioxidant activities. It has been shown to have a protective effect against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death in rats. As an extending study, here we examined in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, whether HE could exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer known to cause neurotoxicity. We demonstrated that pretreatment with HE significantly attenuated DEHP induced cell death. This protective effect may be attributed to its ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, preserving the activity of respiratory complexes and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, HE pretreatment significantly modulated Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent vitagenes expression, preventing the increase of pro-apoptotic and the decrease of anti-apoptotic markers. Collectively, our data provide evidence of new preventive nutritional strategy using HE against DEHP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (I.A.); (S.A.-E.)
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Petralia
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (I.A.); (S.A.-E.)
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.Z.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keshavarzi M, Khodaei F, Siavashpour A, Saeedi A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Hormesis Effects of Nano- and Micro-sized Copper Oxide. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:2042-2054. [PMID: 32184868 PMCID: PMC7059066 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.13971.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concerns about the possible risk of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised recently. Nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CO and CONP) are widely used in many industries. In this regard, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that CONP is a toxic compound in different cell lines. Despite their unique properties, NPs possess unexpected toxicity profiling relative to the bulk materials. This study was designed to examine and compare the toxic effects of CO and CONPs in-vivo and in isolated rat mitochondria. Male Wistar albino rats received 50 to 1000 mg/kg CO or CONP by gavage and several toxicological endpoints including biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers. Then, the pathological parameters in the multiple organs such as liver, brain, spleen, kidney, and intestine were assessed. Mitochondria were isolated from the rat liver and several mitochondrial indices were measured. The results of this study demonstrated that CO and CONP exhibited biphasic dose-response effects. CONPs showed higher toxicity compared with the bulk material. There were no significant changes in the results of CONP and CO in isolated rat liver mitochondria. The present studies provided more information regarding the hormetic effects of CO and CONPs in-vivo and in isolated rat mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Siavashpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Impairs Energy Metabolism and Reduces Stress Resistance and Longevity of C. elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6840540. [PMID: 31827694 PMCID: PMC6885289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6840540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondria supply cellular energy and are key regulators of intrinsic cell death and consequently affect longevity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is frequently used for lifespan assays. Using paraquat (PQ) as a generator of reactive oxygen species, we here describe its effects on the acceleration of aging and the associated dysfunctions at the level of mitochondria. Methods Nematodes were incubated with various concentrations of paraquat in a heat-stress resistance assay (37°C) using nucleic staining. The most effective concentration was validated under physiological conditions, and chemotaxis was assayed. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured using rhodamine 123, and activity of respiratory chain complexes determined using a Clark-type electrode in isolated mitochondria. Energetic metabolites in the form of pyruvate, lactate, and ATP were determined using commercial kits. Mitochondrial integrity and structure was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Live imaging after staining with fluorescent dyes was used to measure mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS. Expression of longevity- and mitogenesis-related genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Results PQ (5 mM) significantly increased ROS formation in nematodes and reduced the chemotaxis, the physiological lifespan, and the survival in assays for heat-stress resistance. The number of fragmented mitochondria significantly increased. The ∆Ψm, the activities of complexes I-IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and the levels of pyruvate and lactate were significantly reduced, whereas ATP production was not affected. Transcript levels of genetic marker genes, atfs-1, atp-2, skn-1, and sir-2.1, were significantly upregulated after PQ incubation, which implicates a close connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress response. Expression levels of aak-2 and daf-16 were unchanged. Conclusion Using paraquat as a stressor, we here describe the association of oxidative stress, restricted energy metabolism, and reduced stress resistance and longevity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans making it a readily accessible in vivo model for mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Neumann S, Boothman-Burrell L, Gowing EK, Jacobsen TA, Ahring PK, Young SL, Sandager-Nielsen K, Clarkson AN. The Delta-Subunit Selective GABA A Receptor Modulator, DS2, Improves Stroke Recovery via an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1133. [PMID: 31736685 PMCID: PMC6828610 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are known to contribute to tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS) across a broad range of neurological conditions, including stroke. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, has been implicated in modulating peripheral immune responses by acting on GABA A receptors on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of action of the delta-selective compound, DS2, to improve stroke recovery and modulate inflammation. We report a decrease in nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in innate immune cells over a concentration range in vitro. Following a photochemically induced motor cortex stroke, treatment with DS2 at 0.1 mg/kg from 1 h post-stroke significantly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-6 levels, reduced infarct size and improved motor function in mice. Free brain concentrations of DS2 were found to be lower than needed for robust modulation of central GABA A receptors and were not affected by the presence and absence of elacridar, an inhibitor of both P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Finally, as DS2 appears to dampen peripheral immune activation and only shows limited brain exposure, we assessed the role of DS2 to promote functional recovery after stroke when administered from 3-days after the stroke. Treatment with DS2 from 3-days post-stroke improved motor function on the grid-walking, but not on the cylinder task. These data highlight the need to further develop subunit-selective compounds to better understand change in GABA receptor signaling pathways both centrally and peripherally. Importantly, we show that GABA compounds such as DS2 that only shows limited brain exposure can still afford significant protection and promote functional recovery most likely via modulation of peripheral immune cells and could be given as an adjunct treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lily Boothman-Burrell
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip K Ahring
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gonzales-Portillo B, Lippert T, Nguyen H, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A new look on treating stroke and traumatic brain injury. Brain Circ 2019; 5:101-105. [PMID: 31620655 PMCID: PMC6785945 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_31_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is common as a treatment for injuries, this study aimed to research the ability of HBOT in preconditioning to diminish any potential damage. The hypothesis stated that HBOT preconditioning alleviated the death of cells in primary rat neuronal cells (PRNCs) by transferring mitochondria from astrocytes. In this experiment, PRNCs were given an HBOT treatment before a tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lipopolysaccharide injury which resembled cell death associated with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). After being examined, the study found more cell viability in the PRNCs that had received HBOT precondition and a mitochondrial transfer. The mitochondrial transfer was visualized by a series of images showing the transfer after the HBOT treatment. This study demonstrated the ability of HBOT preconditioning as a treatment for inflammation in stroke and TBI, with the transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to PRNCs reducing cell death. Along with discussion of the study, this review also focuses on different stroke treatments in comparison with HBOT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bella Gonzales-Portillo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
DeFranco J, Calabrese E, Giordano J. Restoring cerebral circulation and function postmortem: A multidimensional analysis. Brain Circ 2019; 5:94-96. [PMID: 31334363 PMCID: PMC6611189 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_10_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph DeFranco
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Edward Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry; Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang X, Li J, Song S, Wang L, Lin Z, Ouyang Z, Yu R. Hormesis effect of hydrogen peroxide on the promoter activity of neuropeptide receptor PAC1-R. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12877. [PMID: 31353704 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor 1 (PAC1-R) is the neuropeptide PACAP-preferring receptor-mediating neuroprotective activity. In order to clarify the biological mechanism of its expression, we cloned the 2,526 bp promoter fragment from -2,500 to +26 of the transcription initiation site of human ADCYAP1R1 gene and constructed the novel promotor reporter system named pYr-PromDetect-PAC1p. It was found in SH-SY5Y cells low concentration (<10 nM) of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) significantly promoted the activity of PAC1-R promoter in dose-dependent way, which was significantly inhibited by the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) inhibitor mithramycin A and was further confirmed in the deletion mutation of the predicted SP1 binding sites. Moreover, higher concentration of H2 O2 (>10 nM) inhibited the activity of PAC1-R in dose-dependent way. The hormesis effect of H2 O2 on PAC1-R promoter would help to further clarify the physiological effect of low-dose reactive oxygen on nervous system. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: PAC1-R mediates well-known neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and neurogenesis effects, which is an important drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. The hormesis effects of oxidative stress on PAC1-R expression not only help to explain the hormesis effects of oxidative stress on nerve system, but also offer a novel strategy to increase the expression of PAC1-R for the nerve protection or nerve generation. For example, taking advantage of low degree of oxidative stress to increases the expression of PAC1-R might help prevent subsequent surgical serious injury on the nervous system. The activation of PAC1-R promoter by low concentration of H2 O2 would help to further clarify the physiological effect of low-dose reactive oxygen on nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Like Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuochao Lin
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjie Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jargin SV. Scientific Papers and Patents on Substances with Unproven Effects. Part 2. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 13:160-173. [PMID: 31424374 PMCID: PMC7011683 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190819124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Several examples are discussed in this review, where substances without proven effects were proposed for practical use within the scope of evidence-based medicines. The following is discussed here: generalizations of the hormesis concept and its use in support of homeopathy; phytoestrogens and soy products potentially having feminizing effects; glycosaminoglycans for the treatment of osteoarthritis and possibilities of their replacement by diet modifications; flavonoids recommended for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins; acetylcysteine as a mucolytic agent and its questionable efficiency especially by an oral intake; stem cells and cell therapies. In conclusion, placebo therapies can be beneficial and ethically justifiable but it is not a sufficient reason to publish biased information. Importantly, placebo must be devoid of adverse effects, otherwise, it is named pseudo-placebo. Therapeutic methods with unproven effects should be tested in high-quality research shielded from the funding bias. Some issues discussed in this review are not entirely clear, and the arguments provided here can initiate a constructive discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Jargin
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Clementovski per 6-82, Moscow115184, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies of the Inhibitory Activity of Novel Heterocyclic GABA Analogues over GABA-AT. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23112984. [PMID: 30445747 PMCID: PMC6278377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the synthesis, in vitro and in silico activities of new GABA analogues as inhibitors of the GABA-AT enzyme from Pseudomonas fluorescens, where the nitrogen atom at the γ-position is embedded in heterocyclic scaffolds. With the goal of finding more potent inhibitors, we now report the synthesis of a new set of GABA analogues with a broader variation of heterocyclic scaffolds at the γ-position such as thiazolidines, methyl-substituted piperidines, morpholine and thiomorpholine and determined their inhibitory potential over the GABA-AT enzyme from Pseudomonas fluorescens. These structural modifications led to compound 9b which showed a 73% inhibition against this enzyme. In vivo studies with PTZ-induced seizures on male CD1 mice show that compound 9b has a neuroprotective effect at a 0.50 mmole/kg dose. A QSAR study was carried out to find the molecular descriptors associated with the structural changes in the GABA scaffold to explain their inhibitory activity against GABA-AT. Employing 3D molecular descriptors allowed us to propose the GABA analogues enantiomeric active form. To evaluate the interaction with Pseudomonas fluorescens and human GABA-AT by molecular docking, the constructions of homology models was carried out. From these calculations, 9b showed a strong interaction with both GABA-AT enzymes in agreement with experimental results and the QSAR model, which indicates that bulky ligands tend to be the better inhibitors especially those with a sulfur atom on their structure.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu S, FitzGerald KT, Giordano J. On the Viability and Potential Value of Stem Cells for Repair and Treatment of Central Neurotrauma: Overview and Speculations. Front Neurol 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 30150968 PMCID: PMC6099099 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurotrauma, such as spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, can damage critical axonal pathways and neurons and lead to partial to complete loss of neural function that is difficult to address in the mature central nervous system. Improvement and innovation in the development, manufacture, and delivery of stem-cell based therapies, as well as the continued exploration of newer forms of stem cells, have allowed the professional and public spheres to resolve technical and ethical questions that previously hindered stem cell research for central nervous system injury. Recent in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential that reprogrammed autologous stem cells, in particular, have to restore functionality and induce regeneration-while potentially mitigating technical issues of immunogenicity, rejection, and ethical issues of embryonic derivation. These newer stem-cell based approaches are not, however, without concerns and problems of safety, efficacy, use and distribution. This review is an assessment of the current state of the science, the potential solutions that have been and are currently being explored, and the problems and questions that arise from what appears to be a promising way forward (i.e., autologous stem cell-based therapies)-for the purpose of advancing the research for much-needed therapeutic interventions for central neurotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wu
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kevin T. FitzGerald
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - James Giordano
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Calabrese V, Santoro A, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Scuto M, Albouchi F, Monti D, Giordano J, Zappia M, Franceschi C, Calabrese EJ. Hormetic approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Perspectives and possibilities. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1641-1662. [PMID: 30098077 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the brain reflect a dynamic interaction of genetic, epigenetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors that can be temporally restricted or more longitudinally present throughout the lifespan. Fundamental to these mechanisms is the capacity for physiological adaptation through modulation of diverse molecular and biochemical signaling occurring from the intracellular to the network-systemic level throughout the brain. A number of agents that affect the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD)-like effects in experimental models exhibit temporal features, and mechanisms of hormetic dose responses. These findings have particular significance since the hormetic dose response describes the amplitude and range of potential therapeutic effects, thereby affecting the design and conduct of studies of interventions against PD (and other neurodegenerative diseases), and may also be important to a broader consideration of hormetic processes in resilient adaptive responses that might afford protection against the onset and/or progression of PD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania.,IBREGENS, Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Biotechnologies Research Associated, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Ferdaous Albouchi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miquel S, Champ C, Day J, Aarts E, Bahr BA, Bakker M, Bánáti D, Calabrese V, Cederholm T, Cryan J, Dye L, Farrimond JA, Korosi A, Layé S, Maudsley S, Milenkovic D, Mohajeri MH, Sijben J, Solomon A, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, Vanden Berghe W, Vauzour D, Vellas B, Wesnes K, Willatts P, Wittenberg R, Geurts L. Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:40-55. [PMID: 29248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). CONCLUSION Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars-Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, United States
| | - Claire Champ
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Day
- Cerebrus Associates Limited, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey, GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Centre, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, United States
| | - Martijntje Bakker
- The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 334, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower - Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- University of Uppsala, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, Uppsala Science Park, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Cryan
- Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, 386 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Research and VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Gebouw V, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, PO Box 80141, 3508TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Solomon
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Gävlegatan 16, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute,125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Toulouse, Gerontopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Limited, Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames, RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willatts
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|