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Billaud CHA, Yu J. The hippocampus as a structural and functional network epicentre for distant cortical thinning in neurocognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 139:82-89. [PMID: 38657394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) are associated with memory impairment across the neurocognitive aging spectrum and theorised to spread throughout brain networks. Functional and structural connectivity (FC,SC) may explain widespread atrophy. We tested the effect of SC and FC to the hippocampus on cortical thickness (CT) of connected areas. In 419 (223 F) participants (agemean=73 ± 8) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, cortical regions associated with memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were identified using Lasso regression. Two structural equation models (SEM), for SC and resting-state FC, were fitted including CT areas, and SC and FC to the left and right hippocampus (LHIP,RHIP). LHIP (β=-0.150,p=<.001) and RHIP (β=-0.139,p=<.001) SC predicted left temporopolar/rhinal CT; RHIP SC predicted right temporopolar/rhinal CT (β=-0.191,p=<.001). LHIP SC predicted right fusiform/parahippocampal (β=-0.104,p=.011) and intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal CT (β=0.101,p=.028). Increased RHIP FC predicted higher left inferior parietal CT (β=0.132,p=.042) while increased LHIP FC predicted lower right fusiform/parahippocampal CT (β=-0.97; p=.023). The hippocampi may be epicentres for cortical thinning through disrupted connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Hugo Alexandre Billaud
- Nanyang Technological University, Psychology, School of Social Sciences, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore City 639798, Singapore.
| | - Junhong Yu
- Nanyang Technological University, Psychology, School of Social Sciences, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore City 639798, Singapore
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2
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Savarimuthu A, Ponniah RJ. Cognition and Cognitive Reserve. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2024; 58:483-501. [PMID: 38279076 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognition is a mental process that provides the ability to think, know, and learn. Though cognitive skills are necessary to do daily tasks and activities, cognitive aging causes changes in various cognitive functions. Cognitive abilities that are preserved and strengthened by experience can be kept as a reserve and utilized when necessary. The concept of reserving cognition was found when people with Alzheimer's disease had differences in clinical manifestations and cognitive functions. The cognitive reserve builds resilience against cognitive decline and improves the quality of life. Also, several lines of studies have found that the plasticity between neurons has a significant impact on cognitive reserve and acts against cognitive decline. To extend the findings, the present study provides a comprehensive understanding of cognitive reserve and the variables that are involved in maintaining cognition. The study also considers reading as one of the cognitive proxies that develops and maintains cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Savarimuthu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Department of English, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Joseph Ponniah
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Piro-Gambetti B, Schworer EK, Handen B, Glukhovskaya M, Hartley SL. Does Employment Complexity Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging in Down Syndrome? J Intellect Disabil 2024; 28:499-513. [PMID: 37040598 PMCID: PMC10564966 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231169379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) experience high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is variability in the timing of transition from a cognitively stable state to prodromal AD and dementia. The present study examined the association between a modifiable lifestyle factor, employment complexity, and cognitive decline across two time points in adults with DS. Employment complexity, defined as the degree of problem-solving or critical thinking required for employment activities, was operationalized using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, a system which classifies occupations based on three categories: Data, People, and Things. Eighty-seven adults with DS (M = 36.28 years, SD = 6.90 years) were included in analyses. Partial correlations revealed that lower employment complexity involving People and Things were associated with increased dementia symptoms. Lower employment complexity involving Things was also associated with memory decline. These findings have implications for vocational programs focused on job training and placement for adults with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Piro-Gambetti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily K Schworer
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sigan L Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Chiabotti PS, Rouaud O, Allali G. Reader Response: Eligibility for Anti-Amyloid Treatment in a Population-Based Study of Cognitive Aging. Neurology 2024; 102:e209375. [PMID: 38648577 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
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Auer T, Goldthorpe R, Peach R, Hebron H, Violante IR. Functionally annotated electrophysiological neuromarkers of healthy ageing and memory function. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26687. [PMID: 38651629 PMCID: PMC11036379 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in life expectancy presents a unique opportunity and the necessity to explore both healthy and pathological aspects of ageing. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used to identify neuromarkers of cognitive ageing due to its affordability and richness in information. However, despite the growing volume of data and methodological advancements, the abundance of contradictory and non-reproducible findings has hindered clinical translation. To address these challenges, our study introduces a comprehensive workflow expanding on previous EEG studies and investigates various static and dynamic power and connectivity estimates as potential neuromarkers of cognitive ageing in a large dataset. We also assess the robustness of our findings by testing their susceptibility to band specification. Finally, we characterise our findings using functionally annotated brain networks to improve their interpretability and multi-modal integration. Our analysis demonstrates the effect of methodological choices on findings and that dynamic rather than static neuromarkers are not only more sensitive but also more robust. Consequently, they emerge as strong candidates for cognitive ageing neuromarkers. Moreover, we were able to replicate the most established EEG findings in cognitive ageing, such as alpha oscillation slowing, increased beta power, reduced reactivity across multiple bands, and decreased delta connectivity. Additionally, when considering individual variations in the alpha band, we clarified that alpha power is characteristic of memory performance rather than ageing, highlighting its potential as a neuromarker for cognitive ageing. Finally, our approach using functionally annotated source reconstruction allowed us to provide insights into domain-specific electrophysiological mechanisms underlying memory performance and ageing. HIGHLIGHTS: We provide an open and reproducible pipeline with a comprehensive workflow to investigate static and dynamic EEG neuromarkers. Neuromarkers related to neural dynamics are sensitive and robust. Individualised alpha power characterises cognitive performance rather than ageing. Functional annotation allows cross-modal interpretation of EEG findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Auer
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | | | | | - Henry Hebron
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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Eliza Georgiou EZ, Politis A, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Scarmeas N, Economou P, Alexopoulos P. Depressive symptoms in the entire spectrum of cognitive ageing in Greece: evidence from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD). Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:27-34. [PMID: 38145312 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2296889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study (i) the prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms in the entire spectrum of cognitive ageing in Greece and (ii) the relationship between these symptoms and demographic and clinical data. METHODS The study was based on the randomly selected cohort of the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Participants also received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, while the clinical diagnoses of dementia and mild cognitive impairment were established according to international diagnostic criteria. Statistical analyses relied on comparison tests and a logistic (proportional odds) ordinal regression model. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were detected in 19.5% of the 1936 study participants, while 11.3% of both people with MCI and dementia had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. The regression model revealed that older adults with more severe depressive symptoms were more likely female, cognitively impaired, less educated, were treated with psychotropic medication and lived in Attica versus Thessaly. CONCLUSIONS Since depressive symptoms were detected in almost one in five older adults, healthcare professionals in Greece should safeguard the timely detection and effective treatment of such symptoms and the post-diagnostic care of older adults with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Zacharoula Eliza Georgiou
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Mental Health Services, Patras University General Hospital, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Antonios Politis
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- School of Psychology, Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Maroussi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Polychronis Economou
- Department of Civil Engineering (Statistics), School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Mental Health Services, Patras University General Hospital, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Medical School, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Patras Dementia Day Care Centre, Patras, Greece
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Xiang Q, Andersen SL, Sweigart B, Gunn S, Nygaard M, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. Signatures of Neuropsychological Test Results in the Long Life Family Study: A Cluster Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1457-1469. [PMID: 37212095 PMCID: PMC10635779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering patterns of cognitive domains and characterizing how these patterns associate with other risk factors and biomarkers can improve our understanding of the determinants of cognitive aging. OBJECTIVE To discover patterns of cognitive domains using neuropsychological test results in Long Life Family Study (LLFS) and characterize how these patterns associate with aging markers. METHODS 5,086 LLFS participants were administered neuropsychological tests at enrollment. We performed a cluster analysis of six baseline neuropsychological test scores and tested the association between the identified clusters and various clinical variables, biomarkers, and polygenic risk scores using generalized estimating equations and the Chi-square test. We used Cox regression to correlate the clusters with the hazard of various medical events. We investigated whether the cluster information could enhance the prediction of cognitive decline using Bayesian beta regression. RESULTS We identified 12 clusters with different cognitive signatures that represent profiles of performance across multiple neuropsychological tests. These signatures significantly correlated with 26 variables including polygenic risk scores, physical and pulmonary functions, and blood biomarkers and were associated with the hazard of mortality (p < 0.01), cardiovascular disease (p = 0.03), dementia (p = 0.01), and skin cancer (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The identified cognitive signatures capture multiple domains simultaneously and provide a holistic vision of cognitive function, showing that different patterns of cognitive function can coexist in aging individuals. Such patterns can be used for clinical intervention and primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Xiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophia Gunn
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Lenze EJ, Voegtle M, Miller JP, Ances BM, Balota DA, Barch D, Depp CA, Diniz BS, Eyler LT, Foster ER, Gettinger TR, Head D, Hershey T, Klein S, Nichols JF, Nicol GE, Nishino T, Patterson BW, Rodebaugh TL, Schweiger J, Shimony JS, Sinacore DR, Snyder AZ, Tate S, Twamley EW, Wing D, Wu GF, Yang L, Yingling MD, Wetherell JL. Effects of Mindfulness Training and Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 328:2218-2229. [PMID: 36511926 PMCID: PMC9856438 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Episodic memory and executive function are essential aspects of cognitive functioning that decline with aging. This decline may be ameliorable with lifestyle interventions. OBJECTIVE To determine whether mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), exercise, or a combination of both improve cognitive function in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial was conducted at 2 US sites (Washington University in St Louis and University of California, San Diego). A total of 585 older adults (aged 65-84 y) with subjective cognitive concerns, but not dementia, were randomized (enrollment from November 19, 2015, to January 23, 2019; final follow-up on March 16, 2020). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to undergo the following interventions: MBSR with a target of 60 minutes daily of meditation (n = 150); exercise with aerobic, strength, and functional components with a target of at least 300 minutes weekly (n = 138); combined MBSR and exercise (n = 144); or a health education control group (n = 153). Interventions lasted 18 months and consisted of group-based classes and home practice. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The 2 primary outcomes were composites of episodic memory and executive function (standardized to a mean [SD] of 0 [1]; higher composite scores indicate better cognitive performance) from neuropsychological testing; the primary end point was 6 months and the secondary end point was 18 months. There were 5 reported secondary outcomes: hippocampal volume and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex thickness and surface area from structural magnetic resonance imaging and functional cognitive capacity and self-reported cognitive concerns. RESULTS Among 585 randomized participants (mean age, 71.5 years; 424 [72.5%] women), 568 (97.1%) completed 6 months in the trial and 475 (81.2%) completed 18 months. At 6 months, there was no significant effect of mindfulness training or exercise on episodic memory (MBSR vs no MBSR: 0.44 vs 0.48; mean difference, -0.04 points [95% CI, -0.15 to 0.07]; P = .50; exercise vs no exercise: 0.49 vs 0.42; difference, 0.07 [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.17]; P = .23) or executive function (MBSR vs no MBSR: 0.39 vs 0.31; mean difference, 0.08 points [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.19]; P = .12; exercise vs no exercise: 0.39 vs 0.32; difference, 0.07 [95% CI, -0.03 to 0.18]; P = .17) and there were no intervention effects at the secondary end point of 18 months. There was no significant interaction between mindfulness training and exercise (P = .93 for memory and P = .29 for executive function) at 6 months. Of the 5 prespecified secondary outcomes, none showed a significant improvement with either intervention compared with those not receiving the intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among older adults with subjective cognitive concerns, mindfulness training, exercise, or both did not result in significant differences in improvement in episodic memory or executive function at 6 months. The findings do not support the use of these interventions for improving cognition in older adults with subjective cognitive concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02665481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Lenze
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle Voegtle
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - J. Philip Miller
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David A. Balota
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Colin A. Depp
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Mental Health Division, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Breno Satler Diniz
- The University of Connecticut Center on Aging & Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Mental Health Division, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Erin R. Foster
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Torie R. Gettinger
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Denise Head
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeanne F. Nichols
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego
| | - Ginger E. Nicol
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tomoyuki Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bruce W. Patterson
- The University of Connecticut Center on Aging & Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
| | - Thomas L. Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie Schweiger
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David R. Sinacore
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan Tate
- Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - Elizabeth W. Twamley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego
| | - Gregory F. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lei Yang
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael D. Yingling
- Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Mental Health Division, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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Grigorova M, Mak E, Brown SSG, Beresford-Webb J, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Coles JP, Aigbirhio FI, Tudorascu D, Cohen A, Christian BT, Ances B, Handen BL, Laymon CM, Klunk WE, Clare ICH, Holland AJ, Zaman SH. Amyloid- β and tau deposition influences cognitive and functional decline in Down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:36-45. [PMID: 35964542 PMCID: PMC10363400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether tau has (i) an independent effect from amyloid-β on changes in cognitive and functional performance and (ii) a synergistic relationship with amyloid-β in the exacerbation of decline in aging Down syndrome (DS). 105 participants with DS underwent baseline PET [18F]-AV1451 and PET [11C]PiB scans to quantify tau deposition in Braak regions II-VI and the Striatum and amyloid-β status respectively. Linear Mixed Effects models were implemented to assess how tau and amyloid-β deposition are related to change over three time points. Tau was a significant independent predictor of cognitive and functional change. The three-way interaction between time, [11C]PiB status and tau was significant in the models of episodic memory and visuospatial cognition. Baseline tau is a significant predictor of cognitive and functional decline, over and above the effect of amyloid-β status. Results suggest a synergistic relationship between amyloid-β status and tau as predictors of change in memory and visuospatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grigorova
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elijah Mak
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie S G Brown
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Beresford-Webb
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Dana Tudorascu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Brain Imaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beau Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Isabel C H Clare
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony J Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Guardia T, Geerligs L, Tsvetanov KA, Ye R, Campbell KL. The role of the arousal system in age-related differences in cortical functional network architecture. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:985-997. [PMID: 34713955 PMCID: PMC8764482 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A common finding in the aging literature is that of the brain's decreased within- and increased between-network functional connectivity. However, it remains unclear what is causing this shift in network organization with age. Given the essential role of the ascending arousal system (ARAS) in cortical activation and previous findings of disrupted ARAS functioning with age, it is possible that age differences in ARAS functioning contribute to disrupted cortical connectivity. We test this possibility here using resting state fMRI data from over 500 individuals across the lifespan from the Cambridge Center for Aging and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) population-based cohort. Our results show that ARAS-cortical connectivity declines with age and, consistent with our expectations, significantly mediates some age-related differences in connectivity within and between association networks (specifically, within the default mode and between the default mode and salience networks). Additionally, connectivity between the ARAS and association networks predicted cognitive performance across several tasks over and above the effects of age and connectivity within the cortical networks themselves. These findings suggest that age differences in cortical connectivity may be driven, at least in part, by altered arousal signals from the brainstem and that ARAS-cortical connectivity relates to cognitive performance with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Guardia
- Department of PsychologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Rong Ye
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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11
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Casaletto KB, Lindbergh CA, VandeBunte A, Neuhaus J, Schneider JA, Buchman AS, Honer WG, Bennett DA. Microglial Correlates of Late Life Physical Activity: Relationship with Synaptic and Cognitive Aging in Older Adults. J Neurosci 2022; 42:288-298. [PMID: 34810231 PMCID: PMC8802938 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1483-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity relates to reduced dementia risk, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. We translated animal and in vitro studies demonstrating a causal link between physical activity and microglial homeostasis into humans. Decedents from Rush Memory and Aging Project completed actigraphy monitoring (average daily activity) and cognitive evaluation in life, and neuropathological examination at autopsy. Brain tissue was analyzed for microglial activation via immunohistochemistry (anti-human HLA-DP-DQ-DR) and morphology (% Stage I, II, or III), and synaptic protein levels (SNAP-25, synaptophysin, complexin-I, VAMP, syntaxin, synaptotagmin-1). Proportion of morphologically activated microglia (PAM) was estimated in ventromedial caudate, posterior putamen, inferior temporal (IT), and middle frontal gyrus. The 167 decedents averaged 90 years at death, two-thirds were nondemented, and 60% evidenced pathologic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adjusting for age, sex, education, and motor performances, greater physical activity associated with lower PAM in the ventromedial caudate and IT. Relationships between physical activity and PAM in the ventromedial caudate or IT were particularly prominent in adults evidencing microinfarcts or AD pathology, respectively. Mediational analyses indicated that PAM IT mediated ∼30% of the relationships between (1) physical activity and synaptic protein in IT, and (2) physical activity and global cognition, in separate models. However, the size of the mediation depended on AD pathology ranging from >40% in adults with high AD burden, but <10% in adults with low AD burden. Lower microglial activation may be a pathway linking physical activity to age-related brain health in humans. Physical activity may promote AD-related synaptic and cognitive resilience through reduction of pro-inflammatory microglial states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Physical activity relates to better cognitive aging and reduced risk of neurodegenerative disease, yet the cellular and molecular pathways linking behavior-to-brain in humans are unknown. Animal studies indicate that increasing physical activity leads to decreased microglial activation and corresponding increases in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. We objectively monitored physical activity (accelerometer-based actigraphy) and cognitive performances in life, and quantified microglial activation and synaptic markers in brain tissue at death in older adults. These are the first data supporting microglial activation as a physiological pathway by which physical activity relates to brain heath in humans. Although more interventional work is needed, we suggest that physical activity may be a modifiable behavior leveraged to reduce pro-inflammatory microglial states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Cutter A Lindbergh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Anna VandeBunte
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - William G Honer
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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12
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Smith SM, Zequeira S, Ravi M, Johnson SA, Hampton AM, Ross AM, Pyon W, Maurer AP, Bizon JL, Burke SN. Age-related impairments on the touchscreen paired associates learning (PAL) task in male rats. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 109:176-191. [PMID: 34749169 PMCID: PMC9351724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Discovery research in rodent models of cognitive aging is instrumental for identifying mechanisms of behavioral decline in old age that can be therapeutically targeted. Clinically relevant behavioral paradigms, however, have not been widely employed in aged rats. The current study aimed to bridge this translational gap by testing cognition in a cross-species touchscreen-based platform known as paired-associates learning (PAL) and then utilizing a trial-by-trial behavioral analysis approach. This study found age-related deficits in PAL task acquisition in male rats. Furthermore, trial-by-trial analyses and testing rats on a novel interference version of PAL suggested that age-related impairments were not due to differences in vulnerability to an irrelevant distractor, motivation, or to forgetting. Rather, impairment appeared to arise from vulnerability to accumulating, proactive interference, with aged animals performing worse than younger rats in later trial blocks within a single testing session. The detailed behavioral analysis employed in this study provides new insights into the etiology of age-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina Zequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Meena Ravi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andriena M Hampton
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aleyna M Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wonn Pyon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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13
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Weiss J, Rabinowitz AR, Deshpande SK, Hasegawa RB, Small DS. Participation in Collision Sports and Cognitive Aging Among Swedish Twins. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2604-2611. [PMID: 34142704 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between early-life participation in collision sports and later-life cognitive health over a 28-year period in a population-based sample drawn from the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (1987-2014). Cognitive measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination and performance across multiple cognitive domains (e.g., global cognition, verbal ability, spatial ability, memory, processing speed). Among a sample of 660 adults (mean age at baseline, 62.8 years (range: 50-88); 58.2% female), who contributed 10,944 person-years of follow-up, there were 450 cases of cognitive impairment (crude rate = 41.1/1,000 person-years). Early-life participation in collision sports was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment at baseline or with its onset over a 28-year period in a time-to-event analysis, which accounted for the semi-competing risk of death. Furthermore, growth curve models revealed no association between early-life participation in collision sports and the level of or change in trajectories of cognition across multiple domains overall or in sex-stratified models. We discuss the long-term implications of adolescent participation in collision sports on cognitive health.
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14
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Soch J, Richter A, Schütze H, Kizilirmak JM, Assmann A, Behnisch G, Feldhoff H, Fischer L, Heil J, Knopf L, Merkel C, Raschick M, Schietke C, Schult A, Seidenbecher CI, Yakupov R, Ziegler G, Wiltfang J, Düzel E, Schott BH. A comprehensive score reflecting memory-related fMRI activations and deactivations as potential biomarker for neurocognitive aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4478-4496. [PMID: 34132437 PMCID: PMC8410542 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults and particularly those at risk for developing dementia typically show a decline in episodic memory performance, which has been associated with altered memory network activity detectable via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To quantify the degree of these alterations, a score has been developed as a putative imaging biomarker for successful aging in memory for older adults (Functional Activity Deviations during Encoding, FADE; Düzel et al., Hippocampus, 2011; 21: 803-814). Here, we introduce and validate a more comprehensive version of the FADE score, termed FADE-SAME (Similarity of Activations during Memory Encoding), which differs from the original FADE score by considering not only activations but also deactivations in fMRI contrasts of stimulus novelty and successful encoding, and by taking into account the variance of young adults' activations. We computed both scores for novelty and subsequent memory contrasts in a cohort of 217 healthy adults, including 106 young and 111 older participants, as well as a replication cohort of 117 young subjects. We further tested the stability and generalizability of both scores by controlling for different MR scanners and gender, as well as by using different data sets of young adults as reference samples. Both scores showed robust age-group-related differences for the subsequent memory contrast, and the FADE-SAME score additionally exhibited age-group-related differences for the novelty contrast. Furthermore, both scores correlate with behavioral measures of cognitive aging, namely memory performance. Taken together, our results suggest that single-value scores of memory-related fMRI responses may constitute promising biomarkers for quantifying neurocognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN)BerlinGermany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Anne Assmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Hannah Feldhoff
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Larissa Fischer
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Julius Heil
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Lea Knopf
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Christian Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Matthias Raschick
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Clara‐Johanna Schietke
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Annika Schult
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Constanze I. Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical FacultyMagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Björn Hendrik Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN)MagdeburgGermany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS)MagdeburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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15
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Tibon R, Tsvetanov KA, Price D, Nesbitt D, Can C, Henson R. Transient neural network dynamics in cognitive ageing. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:217-228. [PMID: 34118787 PMCID: PMC8345312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is important to maintain cognitive function in old age, yet the neural substrates that support successful cognitive ageing remain unclear. One factor that might be crucial, but has been overlooked due to limitations of previous data and methods, is the ability of brain networks to flexibly reorganize and coordinate over a millisecond time-scale. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides such temporal resolution, and can be combined with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to characterise transient neural states. We applied HMMs to resting-state MEG data from a large cohort (N=595) of population-based adults (aged 18-88), who also completed a range of cognitive tasks. Using multivariate analysis of neural and cognitive profiles, we found that decreased occurrence of "lower-order" brain networks, coupled with increased occurrence of "higher-order" networks, was associated with both increasing age and decreased fluid intelligence. These results favour theories of age-related reductions in neural efficiency over current theories of age-related functional compensation, and suggest that this shift might reflect a stable property of the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Tibon
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darren Price
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Nesbitt
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cam Can
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Henson
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Labenz C, Kostev K, Kaps L, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Incident Dementia in Elderly Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Germany. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3179-3185. [PMID: 33037968 PMCID: PMC8379104 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dementia and NAFLD are two frequent conditions that share underlying risk factors mainly in the realm of metabolic disease. Additionally, an association between NAFLD and brain aging has been proposed. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis if NAFLD is an independent risk factor for emerging dementia. In this population-based cohort study, elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with NAFLD diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were matched 1:1 to a cohort without NAFLD based on ICD-10 coding in the Disease Analyzer database. Matching criteria were age, sex, physician, index year, and co-diagnoses associated with dementia. The primary outcomes of this study were all-cause dementia diagnoses, the incidence of vascular dementia, and antidementive drug prescription. A total of 22,317 patients with NAFLD were matched to 22,317 patients without NAFLD. Within 10 years of the index date, 16.0% of patients with NAFLD and 15.6% of the patients without NAFLD were diagnosed with dementia. On Cox regression analysis, there is no association between NAFLD and the incidence of all-cause dementia (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.04), vascular dementia (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78-1.02), or the new prescription of antidementive therapy (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.01). In sensitivity analyses, there was no association between NAFLD and dementia in different age-groups as well as men or women. In conclusion, in this database study of elderly patients coded with NAFLD no independent association with incident dementia was detected. Risk assessment regarding dementia in patients with NAFLD should be carried out in the same way as for metabolic burdened patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Labenz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Leonard Kaps
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Cirrhosis Center Mainz (CCM), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Pedersen R, Geerligs L, Andersson M, Gorbach T, Avelar-Pereira B, Wåhlin A, Rieckmann A, Nyberg L, Salami A. When functional blurring becomes deleterious: Reduced system segregation is associated with less white matter integrity and cognitive decline in aging. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118449. [PMID: 34358662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by progressive decline in cognitive performance and concomitant changes in brain structure and functional architecture. Age-accompanied alterations in brain function have been characterized on a network level as weaker functional connections within brain networks along with stronger interactions between networks. This phenomenon has been described as age-related differences in functional network segregation. It has been suggested that functional networks related to associative processes are particularly sensitive to age-related deterioration in segregation, possibly related to cognitive decline in aging. However, there have been only a few longitudinal studies with inconclusive results. Here, we used a large longitudinal sample of 284 participants between 25 to 80 years of age at baseline, with cognitive and neuroimaging data collected at up to three time points over a 10-year period. We investigated age-related changes in functional segregation among two large-scale systems comprising associative and sensorimotor-related resting-state networks. We found that functional segregation of associative systems declines in aging with exacerbated deterioration from the late fifties. Changes in associative segregation were positively associated with changes in global cognitive ability, suggesting that decreased segregation has negative consequences for domain-general cognitive functions. Age-related changes in system segregation were partly accounted for by changes in white matter integrity, but white matter integrity only weakly influenced the association between segregation and cognition. Together, these novel findings suggest a cascade where reduced white-matter integrity leads to less distinctive functional systems which in turn contributes to cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pedersen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radbound University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Liu TT, Pang SJ, Jia SS, Man QQ, Li YQ, Song S, Zhang J. Association of Plasma Phospholipids with Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:2185. [PMID: 34201969 PMCID: PMC8308406 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased concentration of phospholipids were observed in brain tissue from individuals with dementia compared with controls, indicating phospholipids might be a key variable in development of age-related cognitive impairment. The reflection of these phospholipid changes in blood might provide both reference for diagnosis/monitoring and potential targets for intervention through peripheral circulation. Using a full-scale targeted phospholipidomic approach, 229 molecular species of plasma phospholipid were identified and quantified among 626 senile residents; the association of plasma phospholipids with MoCA score was also comprehensively discussed. Significant association was confirmed between phospholipid matrix and MoCA score by a distance-based linear model. Additionally, the network analysis further observed that two modules containing PEs were positively associated with MoCA score, and one module containing LPLs had a trend of negative correlation with MoCA score. Furthermore, 23 phospholipid molecular species were found to be significantly associated with MoCA score independent of fasting glucose, lipidemia, lipoproteins, inflammatory variables and homocysteine. Thus, the decreased levels of pPEs containing LC-PUFA and the augmented levels of LPLs were the most prominent plasma phospholipid changes correlated with the cognitive decline, while alterations in plasma PC, PS and SM levels accompanying cognitive decline might be due to variation of lipidemia and inflammatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shao-Jie Pang
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Shan-Shan Jia
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qing-Qing Man
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu-Qian Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuang Song
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (T.-T.L.); (S.-S.J.); (Q.-Q.M.); (Y.-Q.L.); (J.Z.)
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19
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Duggan MR, Parikh V. Microglia and modifiable life factors: Potential contributions to cognitive resilience in aging. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113207. [PMID: 33640394 PMCID: PMC8005490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline, it is relevant to consider the factors and mechanisms that might facilitate an individual's resiliency to such deficits. Growing evidence suggests a preeminent role of microglia, the prime mediator of innate immunity within the central nervous system. Human and animal investigations suggest aberrant microglial functioning and neuroinflammation are not only characteristic of the aged brain, but also might contribute to age-related dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Conversely, accumulating data suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors (MLFs), such as healthy diet, exercise and cognitive engagement, can reliably afford cognitive benefits by potentially suppressing inflammation in the aging brain. The present review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role for microglia in maintaining brain homeostasis and cognitive functioning in aging. Moreover, we propose an integrated, mechanistic model that postulates an individual's resiliency to cognitive decline afforded by MLFs might be mediated by the mitigation of aberrant microglia activation in aging, and subsequent suppression of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States.
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20
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Bernas A, Breuer LEM, Aldenkamp AP, Zinger S. Emulative, coherent, and causal dynamics between large-scale brain networks are neurobiomarkers of Accelerated Cognitive Ageing in epilepsy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250222. [PMID: 33861794 PMCID: PMC8051821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated cognitive ageing (ACA) is an ageing co-morbidity in epilepsy that is diagnosed through the observation of an evident IQ decline of more than 1 standard deviation (15 points) around the age of 50 years old. To understand the mechanism of action of this pathology, we assessed brain dynamics with the use of resting-state fMRI data. In this paper, we present novel and promising methods to extract brain dynamics between large-scale resting-state networks: the emulative power, wavelet coherence, and granger causality between the networks were extracted in two resting-state sessions of 24 participants (10 ACA, 14 controls). We also calculated the widely used static functional connectivity to compare the methods. To find the best biomarkers of ACA, and have a better understanding of this epilepsy co-morbidity we compared the aforementioned between-network neurodynamics using classifiers and known machine learning algorithms; and assessed their performance. Results show that features based on the evolutionary game theory on networks approach, the emulative powers, are the best descriptors of the co-morbidity, using dynamics associated with the default mode and dorsal attention networks. With these dynamic markers, linear discriminant analysis could identify ACA patients at 82.9% accuracy. Using wavelet coherence features with decision-tree algorithm, and static functional connectivity features with support vector machine, ACA could be identified at 77.1% and 77.9% accuracy respectively. Granger causality fell short of being a relevant biomarker with best classifiers having an average accuracy of 67.9%. Combining the features based on the game theory, wavelet coherence, Granger-causality, and static functional connectivity- approaches increased the classification performance up to 90.0% average accuracy using support vector machine with a peak accuracy of 95.8%. The dynamics of the networks that lead to the best classifier performances are known to be challenged in elderly. Since our groups were age-matched, the results are in line with the idea of ACA patients having an accelerated cognitive decline. This classification pipeline is promising and could help to diagnose other neuropsychiatric disorders, and contribute to the field of psychoradiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bernas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E. M. Breuer
- Department of Research and Development, Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. Aldenkamp
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Zinger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Alù F, Orticoni A, Judica E, Cotelli M, Rossini PM, Miraglia F, Vecchio F. Entropy modulation of electroencephalographic signals in physiological aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111472. [PMID: 33766746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial physiological process characterized by the accumulation of degenerative processes impacting on different brain functions, including the cognitive one. A tool largely employed in the investigation of brain networks is the electroencephalogram (EEG). Given the cerebral complexity and dynamism, many non-linear approaches have been applied to explore age-related brain electrical activity modulation detected by the EEG: one of them is the entropy, which measures the disorder of a system. The present study had the aim to investigate aging influence on brain dynamics applying Approximate Entropy (ApEn) parameter to resting state EEG data of 68 healthy adult participants, divided with respect to their age in two groups, focusing on several specialized brain regions. Results showed that elderly participants present higher ApEn values than younger participants in the central, parietal and occipital areas, confirming the hypothesis that aging is characterized by an evolution of brain dynamics. Such findings may reflect a reduced synchronization of the neural networks cyclic activity, due to the reduction of cerebral connections typically found in aging process. Understanding the dynamics of brain networks by applying the entropy parameter could be useful for developing appropriate and personalized rehabilitation programs and for future studies on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alù
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orticoni
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elda Judica
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Avila JC, Mejia-Arangom S, Jupiter D, Downer B, Wong R. The Effect of Diabetes on the Cognitive Trajectory of Older Adults in Mexico and the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:e153-e164. [PMID: 32678911 PMCID: PMC7955990 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the impact of diabetes on the long-term cognitive trajectories of older adults in 2 countries with different socioeconomic and health settings, and to determine whether this relationship differs by cognitive domains. This study uses Mexico and the United States to confirm if patterns hold in both populations, as these countries have similar diabetes prevalence but different socioeconomic conditions and diabetes-related mortality. METHODS Two nationally representative cohorts of adults aged 50 years or older are used: the Mexican Health and Aging Study for Mexico and the Health and Retirement Study for the United States, with sample sizes of 18,810 and 26,244 individuals, respectively, followed up for a period of 14 years. The outcome is cognition measured as a total composite score and by domain (memory and nonmemory). Mixed-effect linear models are used to test the effect of diabetes on cognition at 65 years old and over time in each country. RESULTS Diabetes is associated with lower cognition and nonmemory scores at baseline and over time in both countries. In Mexico, diabetes only predicts lower memory scores over time, whereas in the United States it only predicts lower memory scores at baseline. Women have higher total cognition and memory scores than men in both studies. The magnitude of the effect of diabetes on cognition is similar in both countries. DISCUSSION Despite the overall lower cognition in Mexico and different socioeconomic characteristics, the impact of diabetes on cognitive decline and the main risk and protective factors for poor cognition are similar in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline C Avila
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Silvia Mejia-Arangom
- Departamento de Estudios de Población, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Daniel Jupiter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Brian Downer
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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23
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Pataky MW, Young WF, Nair KS. Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:788-814. [PMID: 33673927 PMCID: PMC8020896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased life expectancy combined with the aging baby boomer generation has resulted in an unprecedented global expansion of the elderly population. The growing population of older adults and increased rate of age-related chronic illness has caused a substantial socioeconomic burden. The gradual and progressive age-related decline in hormone production and action has a detrimental impact on human health by increasing risk for chronic disease and reducing life span. This article reviews the age-related decline in hormone production, as well as age-related biochemical and body composition changes that reduce the bioavailability and actions of some hormones. The impact of hormonal changes on various chronic conditions including frailty, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia are also discussed. Hormone replacement therapy has been attempted in many clinical trials to reverse and/or prevent the hormonal decline in aging to combat the progression of age-related diseases. Unfortunately, hormone replacement therapy is not a panacea, as it often results in various adverse events that outweigh its potential health benefits. Therefore, except in some specific individual cases, hormone replacement is not recommended. Rather, positive lifestyle modifications such as regular aerobic and resistance exercise programs and/or healthy calorically restricted diet can favorably affect endocrine and metabolic functions and act as countermeasures to various age-related diseases. We provide a critical review of the available data and offer recommendations that hopefully will form the groundwork for physicians/scientists to develop and optimize new endocrine-targeted therapies and lifestyle modifications that can better address age-related decline in heath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - William F Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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24
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Aung HL, Aghvinian M, Gouse H, Robbins RN, Brew BJ, Mao L, Cysique LA. Is There Any Evidence of Premature, Accentuated and Accelerated Aging Effects on Neurocognition in People Living with HIV? A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:917-960. [PMID: 33025390 PMCID: PMC7886778 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence of premature, accentuated and accelerated aging for some age-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV (PLHIV), the evidence for these abnormal patterns of aging on neurocognition remains unclear. Further, no systematic review has been dedicated to this issue. Using PRISMA guidelines, we searched standard databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Articles were included if they analyzed and reported the effect of age on neurocognition among PLHIV as one of their major findings, if they were conducted in the combination anti-retroviral therapy era (after 1996) and published in a peer-reviewed journal in English. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools. To systematically target the abnormal patterns of neurocognitive aging, we define premature cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on cross-sectional neurocognitive test performance covering both the normal and abnormal performance range; accentuated cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on cross-sectional neurocognitive impairment (NCI) rate, thus covering the abnormal performance range only; accelerated cognitive aging as significant interaction effect of HIV status and age on longitudinal neurocognitive test performance or incidence of NCI. Because these definitions require an age-comparable HIV-negative (HIV-) control group, when no controls were included, we determined the range of the age effect on neurocognitive test performance or NCI among PLHIV. A total of 37 studies originating from the US (26), UK (2), Italy (2), Poland (2), China (2), Japan (1), Australia (1), and Brazil (1) were included. Six studies were longitudinal and 14 included HIV- controls. The quality appraisal showed that 12/37 studies neither used an age-matched HIV- controls nor used demographically corrected cognitive scores. A meta-analysis was not possible because study methods and choice of neurocognitive measurement methods and outcomes were heterogeneous imposing a narrative synthesis. In studies with an HIV- control sample, premature neurocognitive aging was found in 45% of the cross-sectional analyses (9/20), while accelerated neurocognitive aging was found in 75% of the longitudinal analyses (3/4). There was no evidence for accentuated aging, but this was tested only in two studies. In studies without an HIV- control sample, the age effect was always present but wide (NCI OR = 1.18-4.8). While large sample size (> 500) was associated with abnormal patterns of cognitive aging, most of the studies were under powered. Other study characteristics such as longitudinal study design and higher proportion of older participants were also associated with the findings of abnormal cognitive aging. There is some support for premature and accelerated cognitive aging among PLHIV in the existing literature especially among large and longitudinal studies and those with higher proportion of older samples. Future HIV and cognitive aging studies need to harmonize neuropsychological measurement methods and outcomes and use a large sample from collaborative multi-sites to generate more robust evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htein Linn Aung
- Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), Level 8, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Hetta Gouse
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reuben N Robbins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), Level 8, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
| | - Limin Mao
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucette A Cysique
- Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), Level 8, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Lorgen-Ritchie M, Murray AD, Staff R, Ferguson-Smith AC, Richards M, Horgan GW, Phillips LH, Hoad G, McNeil C, Ribeiro A, Haggarty P. Imprinting methylation predicts hippocampal volumes and hyperintensities and the change with age in later life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:943. [PMID: 33441584 PMCID: PMC7806645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic imprinting is important for neurogenesis and brain function. Hippocampal volumes and brain hyperintensities in late life have been associated with early life circumstances. Epigenetic imprinting may underpin these associations. Methylation was measured at 982 sites in 13 imprinted locations in blood samples from a longitudinal cohort by bisulphite amplicon sequencing. Hippocampal volumes and hyperintensities were determined at age 64y and 72y using MRI. Hyperintensities were determined in white matter, grey matter and infratentorial regions. Permutation methods were used to adjust for multiple testing. At 64y, H19/IGF2 and NESPAS methylation predicted hippocampal volumes. PEG3 predicted hyperintensities in hippocampal grey matter, and white matter. GNASXL predicted grey matter hyperintensities. Changes with age were predicted for hippocampal volume (MEST1, KvDMR, L3MBTL, GNASXL), white matter (MEST1, PEG3) and hippocampal grey matter hyperintensities (MCTS2, GNASXL, NESPAS, L3MBTL, MCTS2, SNRPN, MEST1). Including childhood cognitive ability, years in education, or socioeconomic status as additional explanatory variables in regression analyses did not change the overall findings. Imprinting methylation in multiple genes predicts brain structures, and their change over time. These findings are potentially relevant to the development of novel tests of brain structure and function across the life-course, strategies to improve cognitive outcomes, and our understanding of early influences on brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lorgen-Ritchie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alison D Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | | | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Louise H Phillips
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Gwen Hoad
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Chris McNeil
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Antonio Ribeiro
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Paul Haggarty
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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26
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Krell-Roesch J, Syrjanen JA, Bezold J, Trautwein S, Barisch-Fritz B, Boes K, Woll A, Forzani E, Kremers WK, Machulda MM, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Vassilaki M, Geda YE. Physical Activity and Trajectory of Cognitive Change in Older Persons: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:377-388. [PMID: 33216032 PMCID: PMC7839815 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive trajectories in older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between PA and change in memory, language, attention, visuospatial skills, and global cognition, and a potential impact of sex or Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 status. METHODS Longitudinal study derived from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, including 2,060 cognitively unimpaired males and females aged ≥70 years. Engagement in midlife (ages 50-65) and late-life (last year) PA was assessed using a questionnaire. Neuropsychological testing was done every 15 months (mean follow-up 5.8 years). We ran linear mixed-effect models to examine whether mid- or late-life PA at three intensities (mild, moderate, vigorous) was associated with cognitive z-scores. RESULTS Light intensity midlife PA was associated with less decline in memory function compared to the no-PA reference group (time x light PA; estimate [standard error] 0.047 [0.016], p = 0.004). Vigorous late-life PA was associated with less decline in language (0.033 [0.015], p = 0.030), attention (0.032 [0.017], p = 0.050), and global cognition (0.039 [0.016], p = 0.012). Females who were physically inactive in midlife experienced more pronounced cognitive decline than females physically active in midlife and males regardless of PA (p-values for time interaction terms with midlife PA levels and sex were all p < 0.05 for global cognition). APOE ɛ4 carriership did not moderate the association between PA and cognition. CONCLUSION Engaging in PA, particularly of vigorous intensity in late-life, was associated with less pronounced decline in global and domain-specific cognition. This association may differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krell-Roesch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Bezold
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautwein
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bettina Barisch-Fritz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Boes
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erica Forzani
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Walter K. Kremers
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ronald C. Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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27
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Stickel AM, Tarraf W, Gonzalez KA, Isasi CR, Kaplan R, Gallo LC, Zeng D, Cai J, Pirzada A, Daviglus ML, Goodman ZT, Schneiderman N, González HM. Central Obesity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Cognitive Change in the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1203-1218. [PMID: 34151803 PMCID: PMC10792520 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between obesity and cognitive decline in aging are mixed and understudied among Hispanics/Latinos. OBJECTIVE To understand associations between central obesity, cognitive aging, and the role of concomitant cardiometabolic abnormalities among Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS Participants included 6,377 diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and SOL-Investigation for Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Participants were 45 years and older at the first cognitive testing session (Visit 1). Cognitive outcomes (z-score units) included global composite and domain specific (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed) measures at a second visit (SOL-INCA, on average, 7 years later), and 7-year change. We used survey linear regression to examine associations between central obesity (waist circumference≥88 cm and≥102 cm for women and men, respectively) and cognition. We also tested whether the relationships between obesity and cognition differed by cardiometabolic status (indication of/treatment for 2 + of the following: high triglycerides, hypertension, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). RESULTS Central obesity was largely unassociated with cognitive outcomes, adjusting for covariates. However, among individuals with central obesity, cardiometabolic abnormality was linked to poorer cognitive function at SOL-INCA (ΔGlobalCognition =-0.165, p < 0.001) and to more pronounced cognitive declines over the average 7 years (ΔGlobalCognition = -0.109, p < 0.05); this was consistent across cognitive domains. CONCLUSION Central obesity alone was not associated with cognitive function. However, presence of both central obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities was robustly predictive of cognition and 7-year cognitive declines, suggesting that in combination these factors may alter the cognitive trajectories of middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kevin A. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Hector M. González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Williams VJ, Carlsson CM, Fischer A, Johnson SC, Lange K, Partridge E, Roan C, Asthana S, Herd P. Assessing Dementia Prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: Cohort Profile, Protocol, and Preliminary Findings. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:751-768. [PMID: 33843672 PMCID: PMC10551824 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing consensus that non-genetic determinants of dementia can be linked to various risk- and resiliency-enhancing factors accumulating throughout the lifespan, including socioeconomic conditions, early life experiences, educational attainment, lifestyle behaviors, and physical/mental health. Yet, the causal impact of these diverse factors on dementia risk remain poorly understood due to few longitudinal studies prospectively characterizing these influences across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE The Initial Lifespan's Impact on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ILIAD) study aims to characterize dementia prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), a 60-year longitudinal study documenting life course trajectories of educational, family, occupational, psychological, cognitive, and health measures. METHODS Participants are surveyed using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) to identify dementia risk. Those scoring below cutoff undergo home-based neuropsychological, physical/neurological, and functional assessments. Dementia diagnosis is determined by consensus panel and merged with existing WLS data for combined analysis. RESULTS Preliminary findings demonstrate the initial success of the ILIAD protocol in detecting dementia prevalence in the WLS. Increasing age, hearing issues, lower IQ, male sex, APOE4 positivity, and a steeper annualized rate of memory decline assessed in the prior two study waves, all increased likelihood of falling below the TICS-m cutoff for dementia risk. TICS-m scores significantly correlated with standard neuropsychological performance and functional outcomes. CONCLUSION We provide an overview of the WLS study, describe existing key lifespan variables relevant to studies of dementia and cognitive aging, detail the current WLS-ILIAD study protocol, and provide a first glimpse of preliminary study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Williams
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne Fischer
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Lange
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eileen Partridge
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol Roan
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Department of Sociology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin at Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Singh P, Sivanandam TM, Konar A, Thakur MK. Role of nutraceuticals in cognition during aging and related disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104928. [PMID: 33285273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are compromised with advancing age posing a great risk for the development of dementia and other related brain disorders. Genetic susceptibility as well as environmental exposures determine the fate of cognitive aging and its transition to pathological states. Emerging epidemiological and observational studies have revealed the importance of lifestyle factors including dietary patterns and nutritional intake in the maintenance of cognitive health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, nutraceutical interventions have gained considerable attention in preventing age-related cognitive deficits and counteracting pathological processes. Nutraceuticals include dietary plants and derivatives, food supplements and processed foods with nutritional and pharmaceutical values. The present review highlights the importance of nutraceuticals in attenuating cognitive aging and its progression to dementia, with specific emphasis on chemical constituents, neurocognitive properties and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Thamil Mani Sivanandam
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arpita Konar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - M K Thakur
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Wittkowski J, Fritz RG, Meier M, Schmidtke D. Conditioning learning in an attentional task relates to age and ventricular expansion in a nonhuman primate (Microcebus murinus). Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113053. [PMID: 33279643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a promising nonhuman primate model for brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Age-related cognitive decline in this model is well described, however, data on possible relations between attention and age, as they are known from humans, are missing. We tested 10 mouse lemurs in a touchscreen-based version of the 5-choice-serial-reaction-time-task (5CSRTT) on visuo-spatial attention: subjects had to interact with a briefly presented stimulus occurring unpredictably in one out of five locations on the touchscreen. Animals were trained to an 80 % performance at a four seconds stimulus presentation duration (SPD) and subsequently challenged by a SPD of two seconds. Additionally, ventricular expansion was assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Trials to the 80 % criterion at four seconds SPD correlated significantly with age and with ventricular expansion, especially around the occipital lobe. Once criterion performance was reached, two seconds challenge performance was independent of age. In four subjects that were additionally challenged with 1.5, 1.0, 0.8, or 0.6 s SPDs or variable delays preceding stimulus presentation, performance linearly declined with decreasing SPD, i.e. increasing attentional demand. In conclusion, this is the first report of 5CSRTT data in mouse lemurs and demonstrates the general applicability of this task of visuo-spatial attention to this nonhuman primate model. Results further demonstrate age-related deficits in learning during acquisition of the 5CSRTT and suggest that both may be linked through age-related atrophy of occipital structures and a resulting deficit in central visual processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wittkowski
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rebecca G Fritz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- ZTL-Imaging, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidtke
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review aims to address the clinical benefits of using nicotinamide riboside, a precursor to the essential pyridine nucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a therapeutic agent to attenuate age-related cognitive decline. RECENT FINDINGS Oral supplementation with nicotinamide riboside can inhibit the accumulation of pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and improve learning and memory in various murine models for dementia. Nicotinamide riboside can also reduce DNA damage, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity in diabetic mice, and another Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The cognitive benefits of nicotinamide riboside in Alzheimer's disease models may be modulated in part by upregulation of proliferator-activated-γ coactivator 1α-mediated β-secretase 1(BACE-1) ubiquitination and degradation, preventing Aβ production in the brain. Nicotinamide riboside also maintained blood-brain barrier integrity and maintained the gut microbiota in a mouse model for cerebral small vessel disease and alcohol-induced depression, respectively. Oral nicotinamide riboside has been shown to be bioavailable and well tolerated in humans with limited adverse effects compared to other NAD+ precursors. SUMMARY Oral nicotinamide riboside may represent a promising stratagem to improve cognitive decline during 'normal' ageing, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. Results from recent clinical trials are needed to enumerate the preclinical benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Delzenne NM, Lukaski HC. Editorial: new visions of how specific nutrients and foods relate to optimal health and key physiological functions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:411-412. [PMID: 32889825 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M Delzenne
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Vonk JMJ, Higby E, Nikolaev A, Cahana-Amitay D, Spiro A, Albert ML, Obler LK. Demographic Effects on Longitudinal Semantic Processing, Working Memory, and Cognitive Speed. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:1850-1862. [PMID: 32609841 PMCID: PMC7759739 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand and compare effects of aging and education across domains of language and cognition, we investigated whether (a) these domains show different associations with age and education, (b) these domains show similar patterns of age-related change over time, and (c) education moderates the rate of decline in these domains. METHOD We analyzed data from 306 older adults aged 55-85 at baseline of whom 116 returned for follow-up 4-8 years later. An exploratory factor analysis identified domains of language and cognition across a range of tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis analyzed cross-sectional associations of age and education with these domains. Subsequently, mixed linear models analyzed longitudinal change as a function of age and moderation by education. RESULTS We identified 2 language domains, that is, semantic control and semantic memory efficiency, and 2 cognitive domains, that is, working memory and cognitive speed. Older age negatively affected all domains except semantic memory efficiency, and higher education positively affected all domains except cognitive speed at baseline. In language domains, a steeper age-related decline was observed after age 73-74 compared to younger ages, while cognition declined linearly with age. Greater educational attainment did not protect the rate of decline over time in any domain. DISCUSSION Separate domains show varying effects of age and education at baseline, language versus cognitive domains show dissimilar patterns of age-related change over time, and education does not moderate the rate of decline in these domains. These findings broaden our understanding of age effects on cognitive and language abilities by placing observed age differences in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet M J Vonk
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eve Higby
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | - Alexandre Nikolaev
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
- 6School of Languages and Cultures, University of Sheffield, Massachusetts
| | - Dalia Cahana-Amitay
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Avron Spiro
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | - Martin L Albert
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts
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Sanders CL, Rattinger GB, Deberard MS, Hammond AG, Wengreen H, Kauwe JSK, Buhusi M, Tschanz JT. Interaction Between Physical Activity and Genes Related to Neurotrophin Signaling in Late-Life Cognitive Performance: The Cache County Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1633-1642. [PMID: 31504225 PMCID: PMC7494026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that lifestyle and genetic factors influence the course of cognitive impairment in aging, but their interactions have not been well-examined. This study examined the relationship between physical activity and genotypes related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in predicting cognitive performance in a sample of older adults with up to 12 years of follow-up. Physical activity levels (sedentary, light, and moderate/vigorous) were determined for the sample of 3,591 participants (57% female) without dementia. The genotypes examined included BDNF gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6265 and rs56164415) and receptor gene SNPs (NTRK2 rs2289656 and NGFR rs2072446). Cognition was assessed triennially using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam. Unadjusted linear mixed models indicated that sedentary (β = -5.05) and light (β = -2.41) groups performed worse than moderate-vigorous (p < .001). Addition of interaction effects showed significant differences in rate of decline between activity levels, particularly among males (p = .006). A three-way interaction with sex, NGFR SNP rs2072446, and physical activity suggested that the C/C allele was associated with better cognitive performance among males engaging in light activity only (p = .004). Physical activity and sex, but not BDNF-related SNPs, predicted rate of cognitive decline in older adults, while NGFR rs2072446 may modify main effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gail B Rattinger
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, New York
| | | | | | - Heidi Wengreen
- Dietetics and Food Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mona Buhusi
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan
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Severin D, Gallagher M, Kirkwood A. Afterhyperpolarization amplitude in CA1 pyramidal cells of aged Long-Evans rats characterized for individual differences. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:43-48. [PMID: 32932137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered neural excitability is considered a prominent contributing factor to cognitive decline during aging. A clear example is the excess neural activity observed in several temporal lobe structures of cognitively impaired older individuals in rodents and humans. At a cellular level, aging-related changes in mechanisms regulating intrinsic excitability have been well examined in pyramidal cells of the CA1 hippocampal subfield. Studies in the inbred Fisher 344 rat strain document an age-related increase in the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that normally occurs after a burst of action potentials, and serves to reduce subsequent firing. We evaluated the status of the AHP in the outbred Long-Evans rat, a well-established model for studying individual differences in neurocognitive aging. In contrast to the findings reported in the Fisher 344 rats, in the Long-Evan rats we detected a selective reduction in AHP in cognitively impaired aged individuals. We discuss plausible scenarios to account for these differences and also discuss possible implications of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Severin
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Legdeur N, Tijms BM, Konijnenberg E, den Braber A, ten Kate M, Sudre CH, Tomassen J, Badissi M, Yaqub M, Barkhof F, van Berckel BN, Boomsma DI, Scheltens P, Holstege H, Maier AB, Visser PJ. Associations of Brain Pathology Cognitive and Physical Markers With Age in Cognitively Normal Individuals Aged 60-102 Years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1609-1617. [PMID: 31411322 PMCID: PMC7494041 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of brain pathologies increases with age and cognitive and physical functions worsen over the lifetime. It is unclear whether these processes show a similar increase with age. We studied the association of markers for brain pathology cognitive and physical functions with age in 288 cognitively normal individuals aged 60-102 years selected from the cross-sectional EMIF-AD PreclinAD and 90+ Study at the Amsterdam UMC. An abnormal score was consistent with a score below the 5th percentile in the 60- to 70-year-old individuals. Prevalence of abnormal scores was estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. The prevalence of abnormal handgrip strength, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and hippocampal volume showed the fastest increase with age and abnormal MMSE score, muscle mass, and amyloid aggregation the lowest. The increase in prevalence of abnormal markers was partly dependent on sex, level of education, and amyloid aggregation. We did not find a consistent pattern in which markers of brain pathology cognitive and physical processes became abnormal with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Legdeur
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mara ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carole H Sudre
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Badissi
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bart N van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research Institute Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dementia is an increasing cause of disability and loss of independence in the elderly population yet remains largely underdiagnosed. A biomarker for dementia that can identify individuals with or at risk for developing dementia may help close this diagnostic gap. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between a sleep electroencephalography-based brain age index (BAI), the difference between chronological age and brain age estimated using the sleep electroencephalogram, and dementia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this retrospective cross-sectional study of 9834 polysomnograms, BAI was computed among individuals with previously determined dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or cognitive symptoms but no diagnosis of MCI or dementia, and among healthy individuals without dementia from August 22, 2008, to June 4, 2018. Data were analyzed from November 15, 2018, to June 24, 2020. EXPOSURE Dementia, MCI, and dementia-related symptoms, such as cognitive change and memory impairment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The outcome measures were the trend in BAI when moving from groups ranging from healthy, to symptomatic, to MCI, to dementia and pairwise comparisons of BAI among these groups. FINDINGS A total of 5144 sleep studies were included in BAI examinations. Patients in these studies had a median (interquartile range) age of 54 (43-65) years, and 3026 (59%) were men. The patients included 88 with dementia, 44 with MCI, 1075 who were symptomatic, and 2336 without dementia. There was a monotonic increase in mean (SE) BAI from the nondementia group to the dementia group (nondementia: 0.20 [0.42]; symptomatic: 0.58 [0.41]; MCI: 1.65 [1.20]; dementia: 4.18 [1.02]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that a sleep-state electroencephalography-based BAI shows promise as a biomarker associated with progressive brain processes that ultimately result in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Ye
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Haoqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Luis Paixao
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Robert J. Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice D. Lam
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Forsberg A, Fellman D, Laine M, Johnson W, Logie RH. Strategy mediation in working memory training in younger and older adults. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2020; 73:1206-1226. [PMID: 32160812 PMCID: PMC7575302 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820915107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) training with the N-Back task has been argued to improve cognitive capacity and general cognitive abilities (the Capacity Hypothesis of training), although several studies have shown little or no evidence for such improvements beyond tasks that are very similar to the trained task. Laine et al. demonstrated that instructing young adult participants to use a specific visualisation strategy for N-back training resulted in clear, generalised benefits from only 30 min of training (Strategy Mediation Hypothesis of training). Here, we report a systematic replication and extension of the Laine et al. study, by administering 60 younger and 60 older participants a set of WM tasks before and after a 30-min N-back training session. Half the participants were instructed to use a visualisation strategy, the others received no instruction. The pre-post test battery encompassed a criterion task (digit N-back), two untrained tasks N-back tasks (letters and colours), and three structurally different WM tasks. The instructed visualisation strategy significantly boosted at least some measures of N-back performance in participants of both age groups, although the strategy generally appeared more difficult to implement and less beneficial for older adults. However, the strategy did not improve performance on structurally different WM tasks. We also found significant associations between N-back performance and the type and level of detail of self-generated strategies in the uninstructed participants, as well as age group differences in reported strategy types. WM performance appeared to partly reflect the application of strategies, and Strategy Mediation should be considered to understand the mechanisms of WM training. Claims of efficient training should demonstrate useful improvement beyond task-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Forsberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Fellman
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert H Logie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Webb CE, Foster CM, Horn MM, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM. Beta-amyloid burden predicts poorer mnemonic discrimination in cognitively normal older adults. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117199. [PMID: 32736001 PMCID: PMC7813158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest indicators of Alzheimer's disease pathology is the presence of beta-amyloid (Αβ) protein deposition. Significant amyloid deposition is evident even in older adults who exhibit little or no overt cognitive or memory impairment. Hippocampal-based processes that help distinguish between highly similar memory representations may be the most susceptible to early disease pathology. Amyloid associations with memory have been difficult to establish, possibly because typical memory assessments do not tax hippocampal operations sufficiently. Thus, the present study utilized a spatial mnemonic discrimination task designed to tax hippocampal pattern separation/completion processes in a sample of cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults (53-98 years old) who underwent PET 18F-Florbetapir Αβ scanning. The degree of interference between studied and new information varied, allowing for an examination of mnemonic discrimination as a function of mnemonic similarity. Results indicated that greater beta-amyloid burden was associated with poorer discrimination across decreasing levels of interference, suggesting that even subtle elevation of beta-amyloid in cognitively normal adults is associated with impoverished performance on a hippocampally demanding memory task. The present study demonstrates that degree of amyloid burden negatively impacts the ability of aging adults to accurately distinguish old from increasingly distinct new information, providing novel insight into the cognitive expression of beta-amyloid neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Webb
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Chris M Foster
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Marci M Horn
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK,
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Gür E, Duyan YA, Türkakın E, Arkan S, Karson A, Balcı F. Aging impairs perceptual decision-making in mice: integrating computational and neurobiological approaches. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1889-1902. [PMID: 32566973 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making is one of the cognitive domains which has been under-investigated in animal models of cognitive aging along with its neurobiological correlates. This study investigated the latent variables of the decision process using the hierarchical drift-diffusion model (HDDM). Neurobiological correlates of these processes were examined via immunohistochemistry. Young (n = 11, 4 months old), adult (n = 10, 10 months old), and old (n = 10, 18 months old) mice were tested in a perceptual decision-making task (i.e. two-alternative forced-choice; 2AFC). Observed data showed that there was an age-dependent decrease in the accuracy rate of old mice while response times were comparable between age groups. HDDM results revealed that age-dependent accuracy difference was a result of a decrease in the quality of evidence integration during decision-making. Significant positive correlations observed between evidence integration rate and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and axon terminals in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) suggest that decrease in the quality of evidence integration in aging is related to decreased function of mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Gür
- Timing and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Akın Duyan
- Timing and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Türkakın
- Timing and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sertan Arkan
- Timing and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Physiology Department, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Karson
- Physiology Department, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fuat Balcı
- Timing and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
A single experiment required 40 younger and older adults to discriminate global shape as depicted by Glass patterns (concentric and radial organizations). Such patterns have been widely used for decades, because in order to successfully perceive the depicted shape, the visual system has to detect both locally oriented features (dipoles) and their alignments across extended regions of space. In the current study, we manipulated the number of constituent dipoles in the stimulus patterns (40 or 200), the noise-to-signal ratio (zero, 1.0, & 5.0), and the pattern size (6.0 & 25.0 degrees visual angle). The observers’ shape discrimination accuracies (d’ values) decreased markedly as the amount of noise increased, and there were smaller (but significant) effects of both overall pattern size and the number of stimulus dipoles. Interestingly, while there was a significant effect of age, it was relatively small: the overall d’ values for older and younger adults were 2.07 and 2.34, respectively. Older adults therefore retain an effective ability to visually perceive global shape, even for sparsely-defined patterns embedded in noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Farley Norman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Applied Science in Health and Aging, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Abstract
Path integration plays a vital role in navigation: it enables the continuous tracking of one's position in space by integrating self-motion cues. Path integration abilities vary widely across individuals, and tend to deteriorate in old age. The specific causes of path integration errors, however, remain poorly characterized. Here, we combine tests of path integration performance in participants of different ages with an analysis based on the Langevin equation for diffusive dynamics, which allows us to decompose errors into distinct causes that can corrupt path integration computations. We show that, across age groups, the dominant error source is unbiased noise that accumulates with travel distance not elapsed time, suggesting that the noise originates in the velocity input rather than within the integrator. Age-related declines are primarily traced to a growth in this noise. These findings shed light on the contributors to path integration error and the mechanisms underlying age-related navigational deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stangl
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Aging & Cognition Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Ingmar Kanitscheider
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
- OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Martin Riemer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Aging & Cognition Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ila Fiete
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences & McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Aging & Cognition Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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45
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Borgeest GS, Henson RN, Shafto M, Samu D, Kievit RA. Greater lifestyle engagement is associated with better age-adjusted cognitive abilities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230077. [PMID: 32437448 PMCID: PMC7241829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as engagement in leisure activities, might slow the age-related decline of cognitive functions. Less is known, however, about which aspects of lifestyle might be particularly beneficial to healthy cognitive ageing, and whether they are associated with distinct cognitive domains (e.g. fluid and crystallized abilities) differentially. We investigated these questions in the cross-sectional Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) data (N = 708, age 18-88), using data-driven exploratory structural equation modelling, confirmatory factor analyses, and age-residualized measures of cognitive differences across the lifespan. Specifically, we assessed the relative associations of the following five lifestyle factors on age-related differences of fluid and crystallized age-adjusted abilities: education/SES, physical health, mental health, social engagement, and intellectual engagement. We found that higher education, better physical and mental health, more social engagement and a greater degree of intellectual engagement were each individually correlated with better fluid and crystallized cognitive age-adjusted abilities. A joint path model of all lifestyle factors on crystallized and fluid abilities, which allowed a simultaneous assessment of the lifestyle domains, showed that physical health, social and intellectual engagement and education/SES explained unique, complementary variance, but mental health did not make significant contributions above and beyond the other four lifestyle factors and age. The total variance explained for fluid abilities was 14% and 16% for crystallized abilities. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that intellectually and physically challenging as well as socially engaging activities are associated with better crystallized and fluid performance across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sophia Borgeest
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N. Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith Shafto
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Samu
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cam-CAN
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier A. Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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46
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van Loenhoud AC, Habeck C, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R, Stern Y. Identifying a task-invariant cognitive reserve network using task potency. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116593. [PMID: 32007499 PMCID: PMC7895480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is thought to protect against the consequence of age- or disease-related structural brain changes across multiple cognitive domains. The neural basis of CR may therefore comprise a functional network that is actively involved in many different cognitive processes. To investigate the existence of such a "task-invariant" CR network, we measured functional connectivity in a cognitively normal sample between 20 and 80 years old (N = 265), both at rest and during the performance of 11 separate tasks that aim to capture four latent cognitive abilities (i.e. vocabulary, episodic memory, processing speed, and fluid reasoning). For each individual, we determined the change in functional connectivity from the resting state to each task state, which is referred to as "task potency" (Chauvin et al., 2018, 2019). Task potency was calculated for each pair among 264 nodes (Power et al., 2012) and then summarized across tasks reflecting the same cognitive ability. Subsequently, we established the correlation between task potency and IQ or education (i.e. CR factors). We identified a set of 57 pairs in which task potency showed significant correlations with IQ, but not education, across all four cognitive abilities. These pairs were included in a principal component analysis, from which we extracted the first component to obtain a latent variable reflecting task potency in this task-invariant CR network. This task potency variable was associated with better episodic memory (β = 0.19, p < .01) and fluid reasoning performance (β = 0.17, p < .01) above and beyond the effects of cortical thickness (range [absolute] β = 0.28-0.32, p < .001). Our identification of this task-invariant network contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying CR, which may facilitate the development of CR-enhancing treatments. Our work also offers a useful alternative operational measure of CR for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C van Loenhoud
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - W M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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47
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Liu KY, Kievit RA, Tsvetanov KA, Betts MJ, Düzel E, Rowe JB, Howard R, Hämmerer D. Noradrenergic-dependent functions are associated with age-related locus coeruleus signal intensity differences. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1712. [PMID: 32249849 PMCID: PMC7136271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC), the origin of noradrenergic modulation of cognitive and behavioral function, may play an important role healthy ageing and in neurodegenerative conditions. We investigated the functional significance of age-related differences in mean normalized LC signal intensity values (LC-CR) in magnetization-transfer (MT) images from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) cohort - an open-access, population-based dataset. Using structural equation modelling, we tested the pre-registered hypothesis that putatively noradrenergic (NA)-dependent functions would be more strongly associated with LC-CR in older versus younger adults. A unidimensional model (within which LC-CR related to a single factor representing all cognitive and behavioral measures) was a better fit with the data than the a priori two-factor model (within which LC-CR related to separate NA-dependent and NA-independent factors). Our findings support the concept that age-related reduction of LC structural integrity is associated with impaired cognitive and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y Liu
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK
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48
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Li X, Wang Y, Wang W, Huang W, Chen K, Xu K, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Wei D, Shu N, Zhang Z. Age-Related Decline in the Topological Efficiency of the Brain Structural Connectome and Cognitive Aging. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4651-4661. [PMID: 32219315 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disconnection model has been proposed as a possible neural mechanism for cognitive aging. However, the relationship between structural connectivity degeneration and cognitive decline with normal aging remains unclear. In the present study, using diffusion MRI and tractography techniques, we report graph theory-based analyses of the brain structural connectome in a cross-sectional, community-based cohort of 633 cognitively healthy elderly individuals. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of the elderly subjects was performed. The association between age, brain structural connectome, and cognition across elderly individuals was examined. We found that the topological efficiency, modularity, and hub integration of the brain structural connectome exhibited a significant decline with normal aging, especially in the frontal, parietal, and superior temporal regions. Importantly, network efficiency was positively correlated with attention and executive function in elderly subjects and had a significant mediation effect on the age-related decline in these cognitive functions. Moreover, nodal efficiency of the brain structural connectome showed good performance for the prediction of attention and executive function in elderly individuals. Together, our findings revealed topological alterations of the brain structural connectome with normal aging, which provides possible structural substrates underlying cognitive aging and sensitive imaging markers for the individual prediction of cognitive functions in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yezhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10070, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10070, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10070, China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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49
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Webb CE, Rodrigue KM, Hoagey DA, Foster CM, Kennedy KM. Contributions of White Matter Connectivity and BOLD Modulation to Cognitive Aging: A Lifespan Structure-Function Association Study. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1649-1661. [PMID: 31599929 PMCID: PMC7132902 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to flexibly modulate brain activation to increasing cognitive challenge decreases with aging. This age-related decrease in dynamic range of function of regional gray matter may be, in part, due to age-related degradation of regional white matter tracts. Here, a lifespan sample of 171 healthy adults (aged 20-94) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning including diffusion-weighted imaging (for tractography) and functional imaging (a digit n-back task). We utilized structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that age-related decrements in white matter microstructure are associated with altered blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) modulation, and both in turn, are associated with scanner-task accuracy and executive function performance. Specified structural equation model evidenced good fit, demonstrating that increased age negatively affects n-back task accuracy and executive function performance in part due to both degraded white matter tract microstructure and reduced task-difficulty-related BOLD modulation. We further demonstrated that poorer white matter microstructure integrity was associated with weakened BOLD modulation, particularly in regions showing positive modulation effects, as opposed to negative modulation effects. This structure-function association study provides further evidence that structural connectivity influences functional activation, and the two mechanisms in tandem are predictive of cognitive performance, both during the task, and for cognition measured outside the scanner environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Webb
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - David A Hoagey
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Chris M Foster
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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50
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Alm KH, Faria AV, Moghekar A, Pettigrew C, Soldan A, Mori S, Albert M, Bakker A. Medial temporal lobe white matter pathway variability is associated with individual differences in episodic memory in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 87:78-88. [PMID: 31874745 PMCID: PMC7064393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant evidence demonstrates that aging is associated with variability in cognitive performance, even among individuals who are cognitively normal. In this study, we examined measures from magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to investigate which measures, alone or in combination, were associated with individual differences in episodic memory performance. Using hierarchical linear regressions, we compared the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, CSF measures of amyloid and tau, and gray matter volumes to explain variability in memory performance in a cohort of cognitively normal older adults. Measures of DTI microstructure were significantly associated with variance in memory performance, even after accounting for the contribution of the CSF and magnetic resonance imaging gray matter volume measures. Significant associations were found between DTI measures of the hippocampal cingulum and fornix with individual differences in memory. No such relationships were found between memory performance and CSF markers or gray matter volumes. These findings suggest that DTI metrics may be useful in identifying changes associated with aging or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie H Alm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andreia V Faria
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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