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Hasheminasab FS, Azimi M, Raeiszadeh M. Therapeutic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L) on female reproductive system disorders: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2832-2846. [PMID: 38558480 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effect of Crocus sativus on several disorders has been discussed or even confirmed, but the efficacy of this herb on the female reproductive system has not been well presented. In this regard, this systematic review comprehensively discussed the efficacy of C. sativus and its main phytochemical compounds on the female reproductive system and its disorders for the first time. In this systematic review, scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database, were explored profoundly. In vivo, in vitro, and human studies published until the end of July 2023, which had investigated the pharmacological properties of C. sativus, crocin, crocetin, safranal, or picrocrocin on the female reproductive system, were selected. A total of 50 studies conducted on the effect of C. sativus on the female reproductive system were acquired. These studies confirmed the efficacy of C. sativus or its main phytochemical ingredients in several aspects of the female reproductive system, including regulation of sex hormones, folliculogenesis, ovulation, and protection of the ovary and uterus against several oxidative stress. Several retrieved studies indicated that this herb also can alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), and sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, it is a promising candidate for future studies or even trials regarding ovarian and cervical cancers. This review concluded that C. sativus can improve the symptoms of several female reproductive system disorders, which is particularly due to the presence of phytochemical ingredients, such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Raeiszadeh
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman university of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Goyal A, Raza FA, Sulaiman SA, Shahzad A, Aaqil SI, Iqbal M, Javed B, Pokhrel P. Saffron extract as an emerging novel therapeutic option in reproduction and sexual health: recent advances and future prospectives. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2856-2865. [PMID: 38694315 PMCID: PMC11060205 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Saffron, derived from Crocus sativus, is gaining research attention for potential therapeutic applications. Its diverse clinical applications extend to cardiovascular health, diabetes management, sleep quality, psychiatric illnesses, and rheumatoid arthritis. Saffron's positive effects on blood pressure, glucose levels, cognitive function, and inflammatory markers contribute to its versatility. Additionally, carotenoids like crocin and crocetin suggest anti-cancer potential. In terms of reproductive health, saffron's impact on male reproductive health shows conflicting findings on semen parameters. However, in female reproductive health, saffron appears promising for managing dysmenorrhoea, reducing menstrual pain, regulating hormonal fluctuations, and improving overall menstrual health. Safety considerations highlight the importance of adhering to specified dosages, as excessive intake may lead to toxicity. Yet, within the therapeutic range, saffron is considered safe, relieving symptoms without serious side effects, according to clinical research. Future trials in 2023 will explore saffron's potential in cancer therapy, diabetes management, mental health, stress response, cardiovascular health, postmenopausal women's well-being, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This ongoing research underscores saffron's adaptability and promise as a natural treatment across various medical applications, emphasizing its efficacy. The current review, therefore, aims to provide up-to-date insights on saffron's role particularly in the realm of reproductive health, contributing to a growing body of evidence supporting its diverse therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Fatima Ali Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College
| | - Samia Aziz Sulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Shahzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College
| | - Syeda Ilsa Aaqil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College
| | - Binish Javed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar LohiaHospital, New Delhi,India
| | - Prakriti Pokhrel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu Nepal
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Marais-Thomas H, Chapelle F, de Vaux-Boitouzet V, Bouvet C. [Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Drug and psychotherapeutique management, a literature review]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:211-232. [PMID: 37821319 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) was first recognised in July 2013 in the DSM-5 after a long journey to identify its existence. It was not until 1983 that the US National Institute of Mental Health determined research criteria for the study of PMS. In 1994, the term "premenstrual dysphoric disorder" (PMDD) replaced this term in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic System Manual (DSM). It was listed in the section "Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" and remained under consideration until the DSM-5, in which it appeared in the depressive disorders section. The legitimisation of the psychiatric diagnosis as well as the determination of clear symptomatology criteria in 2013 opened up possibilities for management, development of clinical, pathophysiological, therapeutic and psychotherapeutic studies. This disabling disorder can affect personal, social, family and professional life. In 2019, the ICD-11 in turn introduced the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which solidifies the recognition of the disorder. OBJECTIVE (I) to review the existing treatments, both medicinal and psychotherapeutic, and (II) to review their effectiveness. At the end of this work we will formulate recommendations for the management of these patients. METHODOLOGY A bibliographic search was carried out from 7 June 2021 to 7 July2021 on the databases (bases de données) Psychinfo APA, Scopus, PubMed, as well as the bases de données of the Cochrane organisation and the recommendation documents of the Haute Autorité de la santé. After an initial selection based on keywords, the full text of all articles were read to arrive at the final selection of 32 articles. RESULTS Antidepressants and Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT) appear to be the most commonly recommended treatments for PMDD. Other research shows the effectiveness of oral contraceptives including drospirenone. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were identified as an effective treatment for PMDD. These data are consistent with the current etiological hypothesis of PMDD which has a negative impact of natural hormonal fluctuations on certain neurotransmitters. CBT showed positive results in reducing the functional impact of PMDD. DISCUSSION Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants were reported to be first-line treatments for PMDD (sertraline 50-150 mg/d, fluoxetine 10-20 mg/d, escitalopram 10-20 mg/d, paroxetine 12.5-25 mg/d). Drospirenone (EE 3 mg and EE 20 mg/d 24 days of hormonal pills, 4 days inactive) appears to have been a first or second line treatment depending on the articles. Current results clearly point to the effectiveness of CBT in helping to reduce: functional impairment, depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, mood swings, sensitivity, irritability, insomnia, conflict with others, impact of premenstrual symptoms on daily life, intensity of symptoms experienced, and symptom handicap. CBTs could also become a first-line treatment if there were to be more evidence of their effectiveness. In the future, it would seem useful to offer a psychotherapeutic treatment that can be reproduced and to multiply research with a high level of scientific comparability in order to clarify the place of CBT in the management of PMDD. Research on the etiopathology of the disorder and the optimal drug regimen is still ongoing. There is a need to develop appropriate psychotherapeutic techniques to support and accompany these patients. CONCLUSION In order to better evaluate treatments for PMDD, there is a need to homogenise studies on the subject at several levels: design, treatment doses, psychotherapeutic techniques, and evaluation measures. At present, some studies include both premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and PMDD patients. PMS and PMDD do not include the same symptoms, nor the same severity and potentially the same aetiology in the patients studied. In order to propose rigorous research that evaluates the effectiveness of treatments for PMDD and to properly support people with both these disorders, it seems essential to distinguish the two conditions. The role of the health practitioner is to be able to identify PMDD by differentiating it from other clinically related disorders. The patient must then be accompanied to make a choice of treatment adapted to her symptoms, their severity, her history, her plans for procreation, contraindications and her preferences. In 2021, the French National Authority for Health did not offer any guidelines or recommendations for the management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. There is a need to develop research in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marais-Thomas
- UR ClipsyD, université de Paris-Nanterre, ED-139, 200, avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - Frédéric Chapelle
- Centre de thérapies comportementales ou cognitives, 8, rue Joseph-Bosc, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cyrille Bouvet
- UR ClipsyD, université de Paris-Nanterre, ED-139, 200, avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
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Abd Rahim IN, Mohd Kasim NA, Omar E, Abdul Muid S, Nawawi H. Safety evaluation of saffron extracts in early and established atherosclerotic New Zealand white rabbits. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295212. [PMID: 38207245 PMCID: PMC10783933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that natural medications pose health risks, especially in subjects with comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of saffron ethanolic extract (SEE) administration in early and established atherosclerotic rabbits. Rabbits were given a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 4 and 8 weeks to induce early and established atherosclerosis respectively, and then they were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day SEE. The body weight of the animals was recorded. Blood samples were collected at baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment for hematological studies, lipid profiles, and biochemical profiles. Tissue specimens of the vital organs were subjected to histological examination. The above parameters were significantly altered post-intervention with 4 and 8 weeks of HCD. No significant differences in body weight were observed in all the groups post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg of SEE compared to pre-treatment. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum urea, and glucose significantly decreased post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg/day SEE compared to pre-treatment in early and established atherosclerosis groups. Hematological parameters that were affected post-intervention with HCD returned to their baseline values post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg/day SEE. There was a significant improvement in the vital organs post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg SEE. SEE can safely be administered without causing harmful effects on the hematological, biochemical profiles, and vital organs. Notably, SEE exerts hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects on atherosclerotic conditions. Further clinical trials are warranted to ensure the safety of saffron administration in patients with atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nabilah Abd Rahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Effat Omar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Abdul Muid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Nawawi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Carlini SV, Lanza di Scalea T, McNally ST, Lester J, Deligiannidis KM. Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Scoping Review. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:81-96. [PMID: 38694162 PMCID: PMC11058916 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.23021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to physical, cognitive, or affective symptoms that arise in the late luteal phase and remit with menses. The present work is a clinically focused scoping review of the last twenty years of research on treatment for these disorders. A search of key terms using the PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed, and 194 studies of adult women met initial inclusion criteria for review. Research studies concerning medications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological complementary and alternative medicine treatments, and surgical interventions with the most available evidence were appraised and summarized. The most high-quality evidence can be found for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and combined oral contraceptives (COCs), with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and surgical interventions showing efficacy for refractory cases. While there is some evidence of the efficacy of alternative and complementary medicine treatments such as nutraceuticals, acupuncture, and yoga, variability in quality and methods of studies must be taken into account. Reprinted from Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1783-1801, with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd. Copyright © 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Carlini
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (Carlini); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Lanza di Scalea); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katz Institute for Women's Health, Queens, NY, USA (McNally); Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA (Lester); Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA (Deligiannidis)
| | - Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (Carlini); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Lanza di Scalea); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katz Institute for Women's Health, Queens, NY, USA (McNally); Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA (Lester); Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA (Deligiannidis)
| | - Stephanie Trentacoste McNally
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (Carlini); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Lanza di Scalea); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katz Institute for Women's Health, Queens, NY, USA (McNally); Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA (Lester); Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA (Deligiannidis)
| | - Janice Lester
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (Carlini); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Lanza di Scalea); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katz Institute for Women's Health, Queens, NY, USA (McNally); Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA (Lester); Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA (Deligiannidis)
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (Carlini); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Lanza di Scalea); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katz Institute for Women's Health, Queens, NY, USA (McNally); Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA (Lester); Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA (Deligiannidis)
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Abedi A, Ghobadi H, Sharghi A, Iranpour S, Fazlzadeh M, Aslani MR. Effect of saffron supplementation on oxidative stress markers (MDA, TAC, TOS, GPx, SOD, and pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance): An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1071514. [PMID: 36817799 PMCID: PMC9928952 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of saffron supplementation on oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and prooxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB)] in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar until December 2022. Trial studies investigating the effects of oral saffron supplements on MDA, TAC, TOS, GPx, SOD, and PAB concentrations were included in the study. To analyze the results, mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q and I 2 values. Sixteen cases were included in the meta-analysis (468 and 466 subjects in the saffron and control groups, respectively). Results It was found that saffron consumption caused a significant decrease in MDA (SMD: -0.322; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.16; I 2 = 32.58%) and TOS (SMD: -0.654; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.23; I 2 = 68%) levels as well as a significant increase in TAC (SMD: 0.302; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.47; I 2 = 10.12%) and GPx (SMD: 0.447; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.80; I 2 = 35%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in MDA levels in studies with a saffron dosage of >30 mg/day, age of <50 years, and study duration of <12 weeks. Among the limitations of the study, we can point out that the studies were from Iran, the different nature of the diseases included, and were not considered of some potential confounders such as smoking, physical activity, and diet in the studies. Discussion In summary, the results showed that saffron has beneficial effects on oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abedi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghobadi
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Afshan Sharghi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sohrab Iranpour
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Reza Aslani, ,
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Carlini SV, Lanza di Scalea T, McNally ST, Lester J, Deligiannidis KM. Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Scoping Review. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1783-1801. [PMID: 36575726 PMCID: PMC9790166 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s297062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to physical, cognitive, or affective symptoms that arise in the late luteal phase and remit with menses. The present work is a clinically focused scoping review of the last twenty years of research on treatment for these disorders. A search of key terms using the PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed, and 194 studies of adult women met initial inclusion criteria for review. Research studies concerning medications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological complementary and alternative medicine treatments, and surgical interventions with the most available evidence were appraised and summarized. The most high-quality evidence can be found for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and combined oral contraceptives (COCs), with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and surgical interventions showing efficacy for refractory cases. While there is some evidence of the efficacy of alternative and complementary medicine treatments such as nutraceuticals, acupuncture, and yoga, variability in quality and methods of studies must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Carlini
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Women’s Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Janice Lester
- Health Science Library, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Correspondence: Kristina M Deligiannidis, Women’s Behavioral Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA, Tel +1-1-718-470-8184, Fax +1-1 718-343-1659, Email
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