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Moges N, Anley DT, Zemene MA, Adella GA, Solomon Y, Bantie B, Fenta Felek S, Dejenie TA, Bayih WA, Chanie ES, Getaneh FB, Kassaw A, Mengist Dessie A. Congenital anomalies and risk factors in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:e002022. [PMID: 37429669 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pooled prevalence and identify risk factors of congenital anomalies among neonates in Africa. METHODS The pooled birth prevalence of congenital anomalies was the first outcome of this review, and the pooled measure of association between congenital anomalies and related risk factors in Africa was the second. We conducted a thorough search of the databases PubMed/ Medline, PubMed Central, Hinary, Google, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to 31 January 2023. The JBI appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the studies. STATA V.17 was used for the analysis. The I2 test and Eggers and Beggs tests were used to measure study heterogeneity and publication bias respectively. The pooled prevalence of congenital anomalies was calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were also performed. RESULT This systematic review and meta-analysis includes 32 studies with a total of 626 983 participants. The pooled prevalence of congenital anomalies was 23.5 (95% CI 20 to 26.9) per 1000 newborns. Not taking folic acid (pooled OR=2.67; 95% CI (1.42 to 5.00)), history of maternal illness (pooled OR=2.44, 95% CI (1.2 to 4.94)), history of drug use (pooled OR=2.74, 95% CI (1.29 to 5.81)), maternal age (>35 years.) (Pooled OR=1.97, 95% CI (1.15 to 3.37)), drinking alcohol (pooled OR=3.15, 95% CI (1.4 to 7.04)), kchat chewing (pooled OR=3.34, 5% CI (1.68 to 6.65)) and urban residence (pooled OR=0.58, 95% CI (0.36 to 0.95)) were had significant association with congenital anomalies. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of congenital abnormalities in Africa was found to be substantial, with significant regional variation. Appropriate folate supplementation during pregnancy, proper management of maternal sickness, proper antenatal care, referring healthcare personnel before using drugs, avoiding alcohol intake and kchat chewing are all important in lowering the occurrence of congenital abnormalities among newborns in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnael Moges
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Tenaw Anley
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Aderajew Zemene
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Asmare Adella
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Woliata Sodo University, Woliata Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Felek
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ermiase Sisay Chanie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Amare Kassaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Mengist Dessie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Birhanu K, Tesfaye W, Berhane M. Congenital Anomalies in Neonates Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:1155-1162. [PMID: 35392332 PMCID: PMC8968368 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital anomalies affect 2-3% of all live births. Anomalies of the central nervous system account for the highest incidence followed by that of the cardiovascular and renal systems. There is scarcity of data in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of the study was determining the magnitude and type of congenital anomalies and associated factors in neonates admitted to the neonatology ward of Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study was done from March 1 to July 30, 2020. A total of 422 mother-infant pairs were enrolled into the study. Structured questionnaires were used to capture the socio-demographic, obstetric and medical characteristics of the mothers, demographic characteristics of the infants and type of congenital anomalies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done and results are presented as narratives and using figures and tables. Results Closer to one in five neonates admitted to the neonatology ward (78, 18.5%, 95%CI 14.7-22.3) had congenital anomalies; the majority (59, 13.98%) having only one type of anomaly. Anomalies of the nervous system (29, 6.87%) and gastrointestinal system (24, 5.68%) accounted for the majority of the cases. Inadequate antenatal care follow-up (p=0.018, AOR=1.9, 95%CI1.115, 3.257) and lack of folate supplementation during pregnancy (p=0.027, AOR=2.35, 95%CI 1.101, 5.015) were associated with congenital anomalies in the neonates. Conclusion Congenital anomalies account for significant number of admissions. Significant association was seen between neonatal congenital anomalies and poor antenatal attendance and lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Birhanu
- Department of pediatrics and child health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Workneh Tesfaye
- Department of pediatrics and child health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Berhane
- Department of pediatrics and child health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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