1
|
Millen GC, Lawford A, Duncan C, Jenkinson H, Veal GJ, Barnett S. Utility of carboplatin therapeutic drug monitoring for the treatment of neonate and infant retinoblastoma patients in the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:491-497. [PMID: 38871807 PMCID: PMC11300439 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is the most common intra-ocular malignancy in children and frequently presents in very young patients who commonly require intravenous carboplatin. Delivering this is challenging due to a lack of uniform dosing recommendations, rapid changes in physiological function and the risk of side-effects. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of neonates and infants in the UK with retinoblastoma, who have undergone carboplatin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). We report on the pharmacokinetic, treatment efficacy and toxicity data. RESULTS In total, 29 patients (median age 5 weeks at treatment onset) underwent a total of 74 TDM guided cycles of chemotherapy, involving real time sampling and dose adjustment. An additional 13 patients underwent TDM sampling to modify doses between cycles. Without the adoption of TDM guided dosing, carboplatin exposures would have been ≥20% outside the target AUC in 38/78 (49%) of treatment cycles. Excellent responses and a reassuringly low incidence of toxicities were observed following dose adjustment, despite the young patient age and the implementation of dose increases in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS Real time TDM is safe, effective and deliverable for neonates and infants receiving carboplatin for retinoblastoma and should be considered standard of care up to the age of 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C Millen
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Alice Lawford
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Catriona Duncan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen Jenkinson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth J Veal
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shelby Barnett
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Nie J, Wang X, Ai S, Li J, Gao Y, Li C, Cheng C, Su S, Chen S, Zhang P, Lu R. Deciphering metabolic heterogeneity in retinoblastoma unravels the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in tumor progression. Biomark Res 2024; 12:48. [PMID: 38730450 PMCID: PMC11088057 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors exhibit metabolic heterogeneity, influencing cancer progression. However, understanding metabolic diversity in retinoblastoma (RB), the primary intraocular malignancy in children, remains limited. METHODS The metabolic landscape of RB was constructed based on single-cell transcriptomic sequencing from 11 RB and 5 retina samples. Various analyses were conducted, including assessing overall metabolic activity, metabolic heterogeneity, and the correlation between hypoxia and metabolic pathways. Additionally, the expression pattern of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family in different cell clusters was examined. Validation assays of MCT1 expression and function in RB cell lines were performed. The therapeutic potential of targeting MCT1 was evaluated using an orthotopic xenograft model. A cohort of 47 RB patients was analyzed to evaluate the relationship between MCT1 expression and tumor invasion. RESULTS Distinct metabolic patterns in RB cells, notably increased glycolysis, were identified. This metabolic heterogeneity correlated closely with hypoxia. MCT1 emerged as the primary monocarboxylate transporter in RB cells. Disrupting MCT1 altered cell viability and energy metabolism. In vivo studies using the MCT1 inhibitor AZD3965 effectively suppressed RB tumor growth. Additionally, a correlation between MCT1 expression and optic nerve invasion in RB samples suggested prognostic implications. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances our understanding of RB metabolic characteristics at the single-cell level, highlighting the significance of MCT1 in RB pathogenesis. Targeting MCT1 holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for combating RB, with potential prognostic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiahe Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siming Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shicai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye Q, Zeng Z, Liang X, Li W. Quercetin suppresses retinoblastoma cell proliferation and invasion and facilitates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the miR-137/FNDC5 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116934. [PMID: 37598849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) constitutes a prevalent malignancy in clinic and usually occurs in children under the age of 5 years old. The increased frequency of malignant tumor metastases and the delayed diagnosis and treatment caused unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency. Quercetin was formerly identified to impede tumor growth in certain malignancies. Our study attempted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in Rb development, in order to provide an effective clinical therapeutic approach. Rb cell lines (WER1-RB1 and Y79) were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin, and then cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were determined. It was showed that quercetin restrained Rb cell proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, we found that quercetin incubation upregulated miR-137 expression in Rb cells. MiR-137 inhibition abrogated quercetin-mediated inhibition of Rb cell progression. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay validated that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) was a target for miR-137. MiR-137 overexpression restrained proliferation and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis and oxidative stress in Rb cells, whereas FNDC5 overexpression abrogated these effects. Additionally, nude mice were injected with WER1-RB1 cells to establish a xenograft tumor model, and then treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg quercetin. Quercetin treatment mitigated xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, quercetin restrained proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in Rb cells through regulating the miR-137/FNDC5 pathway. We expected that our study could provide an effective approach for Rb treatment. However, quercetin and miR-137 may have off-target effects in Rb cells, and our study still has certain limitations. Therefore, we will investigate the effects of quercetin on other signaling pathways in Rb cells and explore the application of combination therapy in follow-up experiments, in order to provide a rigorous research basis for the treatment of Rb with quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenpei Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang B, Li D, Xiao J. Spontaneous regression of an isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma in a newborn: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:395. [PMID: 37752483 PMCID: PMC10523719 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report the spontaneous regression of an isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma in a newborn. During the seven-month follow-up duration, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography examinations were performed. CASE PRESENTATION An isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma was detected in the nasal retina of the left eye of a 4-day-old male infant. At the time of initial presentation, we detected a solitary yellowish-white flat mass with an approximate size of 1.5 disc diameters in the nasal retina. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed a diffuse hyperfluorescence with slight fluorescence leakage. Seven months later, the fundus examination showed no lesion in the left eye, FA revealed mild tortuous vessels without leakage. CONCLUSIONS In the present case, we established that the isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma in this infant has underwent spontaneous regression. This case can point out that follow -up reexaminations are advisable for a solitary yellowish-white flat mass of the fundus in a newborn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li F, Yin YK, Zhang JT, Gong HP, Hao XD. Role of circular RNAs in retinoblastoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:13. [PMID: 36547723 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant retinal tumor among children under 3 years old, is lethal if left untreated. Early diagnosis, together with timely and effective treatment, is important to improve retinoblastoma-related outcomes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of non-coding RNAs with the capacity to regulate cellular activities, have great potential in retinoblastoma diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have identified circular RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes involved in retinoblastoma, including cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, and invasion. Six circular RNAs (circ-FAM158A, circ-DHDDS, circ-E2F3, circ-TRHDE, circ-E2F5, and circ-RNF20) promote disease progression and metastasis in retinoblastoma and function as oncogenic factors. Other circular RNAs, such as circ-TET1, circ-SHPRH, circ-MKLN1, and circ-CUL2, play tumor suppressive roles in retinoblastoma. At present, the studies on the regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs in retinoblastoma are not very clear. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies on the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs in retinoblastoma and highlight novel strategies for retinoblastoma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yi-Ke Yin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ji-Tao Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hai-Pai Gong
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Li Y, Han Y, Feng Y, Zhou M, Zong C, He X, Jia R, Xu X, Fan J. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals intratumoural heterogeneity and malignant progression in retinoblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1100. [PMID: 34815392 PMCID: PMC8611004 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a childhood retinal tumour that is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour. However, it has been challenging to identify the cell types associated with genetic complexity. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 14,739 cells from two retinoblastoma samples to delineate the heterogeneity and the underlying mechanism of retinoblastoma progression. Using a multiresolution network-based analysis, we identified two major cell types in human retinoblastoma. Cell trajectory analysis yielded a total of 5 cell states organized into two main branches, and the cell cycle-associated cone precursors were the cells of origin of retinoblastoma that were required for initiating the differentiation and malignancy process of retinoblastoma. Tumour cells differentiation reprogramming trajectory analysis revealed that cell-type components of multiple tumour-related pathways and predominantly expressed UBE2C were associated with an activation state in the malignant progression of the tumour, providing a potential novel "switch gene" marker during early critical stages in human retinoblastoma development. Thus, our findings improve our current understanding of the mechanism of retinoblastoma progression and are potentially valuable in providing novel prognostic markers for retinoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongyun Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Han
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Zong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naser AY, Alrawashdeh HM, Alwafi H, Alyami HS, Dahmash EZ, Ghoul I, Shishtawi AA, Abdelwahab GM, Qadus S, Taybeh E, Abuthawabeh R, Hassanin F, Alhartani YJ, Alyami MH, Salawati EM, Alwan SS. Knowledge and awareness of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma: It is time to know the glow. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14298. [PMID: 33928718 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular tumour in childhood. Early detection of retinoblastoma is the key to successful management with a higher chance of survival. This study aims to assess the knowledge of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma in term of presentation, risk factors, timing for diagnosis, and complications. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) between 28 August and 16 September 2020. The questionnaire tool was constructed based on an extensive literature review to explore the study's aim and objectives. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of better knowledge about retinoblastoma. A total of 3676 participants were involved in the study (Jordan = 2654, Saudi Arabia = 604, and Iraq = 418). The average retinoblastoma knowledge score for the whole study population was 6.25 (SD = 4.12) out of 21, representing 29.8% (out of the maximum possible total score). Participants aged above 50 years old, married individuals, those with a secondary education level, those who work as professionals in industry, those who have more than four children, and those who reported that they were not in direct contact with a large number of children were less likely to be knowledgeable about retinoblastoma presentation, risk factors, the timing for diagnosis, and complications (P < .05). Early detection is the cornerstone for decreasing morbidity and mortality among children with retinoblastoma. However, the awareness and knowledge about retinoblastoma are very limited in our study population. Efforts should be directed at increasing awareness of both the general population and healthcare providers regarding retinoblastoma. Policymakers are responsible for improving knowledge and awareness about retinoblastoma to facilitate early detection of the disease by conducting awareness campaigns in addition to improve screening skills of healthcare providers and providing them with proper screening and diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Z Dahmash
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imene Ghoul
- Paediatric Department, Ibn AL Haytham Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ghada Mohammad Abdelwahab
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esra' Taybeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Abuthawabeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi Hassanin
- Ophthalmology Department, college of medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra J Alhartani
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwan Salah Alwan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Collin J, Queen R, Zerti D, Steel DH, Bowen C, Parulekar M, Lako M. Dissecting the Transcriptional and Chromatin Accessibility Heterogeneity of Proliferating Cone Precursors in Human Retinoblastoma Tumors by Single Cell Sequencing-Opening Pathways to New Therapeutic Strategies? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34003213 PMCID: PMC8132003 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a malignant neoplasm arising during retinal development from mutations in the RB1 gene. Loss or inactivation of both copies of RB1 results in initiation of retinoblastoma tumors; however, additional genetic changes are needed for the continued growth and spread of the tumor. Ex vivo research has shown that in humans, retinoblastoma may initiate from RB1-depleted cone precursors. Notwithstanding, it has not been possible to assess the full spectrum of clonal types within the tumor itself in vivo and the molecular changes occurring at the cells of origin, enabling their malignant conversion. To overcome these challenges, we have performed the first single cell (sc) RNA- and ATAC-Seq analyses of primary tumor tissues, enabling us to dissect the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility heterogeneity of proliferating cone precursors in human Rb tumors. Methods Two Rb tumors each characterized by two pathogenic RB1 mutations were dissociated to single cells and subjected to scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq using the 10× Genomics platform. In addition, nine human embryonic and fetal retina samples were dissociated to single cells and subjected to scRNA- and ATAC-Seq analyses. The scRNA- and ATAC-Seq data were embedded using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and clustered with Seurat graph-based clustering. Integrated scATAC-Seq analysis of Rb tumors and human embryonic/fetal retina samples was performed to identify Rb cone enriched subclusters. Pseudo time analysis of proliferating cones in the Rb samples was performed with Monocle. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify the signaling pathway and upstream regulators in the Rb cone-enriched subclusters. Results Our single cell analyses revealed the predominant presence of cone precursors at different stages of the cell cycle in the Rb tumors and among those identified the G2/M subset as the cell type of origin. scATAC-Seq analysis identified two Rb enriched cone subclusters, each characterized by activation of different upstream regulators and signaling pathways, enabling proliferating cone precursors to escape cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Conclusions Our study provides evidence of Rb tumor heterogeneity and defines molecular pathways that can be targeted to define new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - David H Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bowen
- Birmingham Women's and Children NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manoj Parulekar
- Birmingham Women's and Children NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adams GGW. The Enduring Value of Newborn Red Reflex Testing as a Screening Tool. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:40-41. [PMID: 33180105 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian G W Adams
- Pediatric and Strabismus Ophthalmic Surgery, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Z, Wang J, Zhu R. Identification of driver genes with aberrantly alternative splicing events in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2020; 18:328-338. [PMID: 33525094 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most common cancer in children. However, the specific mechanism about RB tumorigenesis has not been fully understood. In this study, to comprehensively characterize the splicing alterations in the tumorigenesis of RB, we analyzed the differential alternative splicing events in RB. Specifically, the isoforms of RB1 were downregulated in the RB samples, and a large proportion of differentially expressed genes had multiple differentially expressed transcripts (64%). We identified 1453 genes with differential alternative splicing, among which, SE accounted for the majority, followed by MXE, RI, A3SS, and A5SS. Furthermore, the biological function related to the normal function of eyes, and E2F family TFs were significantly enriched by the genes with differential alternative splicing. Among the genes associated with visual sense, ABCA4 was found to have two mutually exclusive exons, resulting in two isoforms with different functionalities. Notably, DAZAP1 was identified as one of the critical splicing factors in RB, which was potentially involved in E2F and RB pathways. Functionally, differential binding sites in DAZAP1 protein were significantly observed between RB and normal samples. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the differential alternative splicing events and splicing factors, we identified some driver genes with differential alternative splicing and critical splicing factors involved in RB, which would greatly improve our understanding of the alternative splicing process in the tumorigenesis of RB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Heilongjiang 150036, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Heilongjiang 150036, China
| | - Ruixi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Heilongjiang 150036, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
lncRNA FEZF1‑AS1 promotes migration, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of retinoblastoma cells by targeting miR‑1236‑3p. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3635-3644. [PMID: 32901841 PMCID: PMC7533456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to regulate disease progression in numerous types of disease, including retinoblastoma (Rb). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the lncRNA FEZ family zinc finger 1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) on Rb and to determine its possible mechanism of action. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to detect the gene or protein expression. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and transwell invasion assays were performed to estimate the capabilities of cell viability, invasion and migration. The potential association between FEZF1-AS1 and miR-1236-3p in Y79 cells was measured via dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results of the present study revealed that the levels of FEZF1-AS1 were significantly upregulated in different Rb cell lines, with the most prominent upregulation observed in Y79 cells. In addition, the cell viability, invasive and migratory abilities, and the ability to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), were significantly inhibited following the transfection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-FEZF1-AS1 into Y79 cells. Further experimental validation confirmed that miR-1236-3p may be a direct target of FEZF1-AS1. Notably, the miR-1236-3p inhibitor was discovered to reverse the inhibitory effects of shRNA-FEZF1-AS1 on cell viability, invasion, migration and EMT. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that lncRNA-FEZF1-AS1 may promote the viability, migration, invasion and EMT of Rb cells by modulating miR-1236-3p.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Li M, Cui H, Song X, Sha Q. CircDHDDS/miR-361-3p/WNT3A Axis Promotes the Development of Retinoblastoma by Regulating Proliferation, Cell Cycle, Migration, and Invasion of Retinoblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2691-2702. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Camp DA, Dalvin LA, Schwendeman R, Lim LAS, Shields CL. Outcomes of neonatal retinoblastoma in pre-chemotherapy and chemotherapy eras. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1997-2004. [PMID: 31755437 PMCID: PMC6896534 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_634_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify outcomes for neonatal retinoblastoma patients treated during the pre-chemotherapy (1980-1994) and chemotherapy (1995-2018) eras. Methods Retrospective review of retinoblastoma patients diagnosed within the first 28 days of life between 1/1/1980 and 11/30/2018. Student's t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare treatments and outcomes by era. Results There were 68 patients with neonatal retinoblastoma (12% unilateral and 88% bilateral). According to era (pre-chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy), the number of treated patients was 26 (38%) vs. 42 (62%). Primary treatment was external beam radiotherapy (50% vs. 1%,P < 0.001), plaque radiotherapy (17% vs. 0%,P < 0.001), focal treatment (transpupillary thermotherapy or cryotherapy) only (21% vs. 14%,P= 0.33), intravenous chemotherapy (0% vs. 81%,P < 0.001), enucleation (10% vs. 4%,P= 0.26), or exenteration (2% vs. 0%,P= 0.37). Outcomes included tumor control (79% vs. 94%,P= 0.02), globe salvage (75% vs. 91%,P= 0.02), final gross visual acuity for salvaged eyes 20/200 or better (66% vs. 89%,P < 0.01), and death (19% vs. 0%,P < 0.01). Conclusion Chemotherapy advancements for neonatal retinoblastoma have improved tumor control, globe salvage, visual acuity, and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Camp
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren A Dalvin
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Li-Anne S Lim
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ueda T, Koga Y, Yoshikawa H, Tanabe M, Yamana K, Oba U, Nakashima K, Ono H, Ichimura T, Hasegawa S, Kato W, Kobayashi T, Nakayama H, Sakai Y, Yoshitake T, Ohga S, Oda Y, Suzuki S, Sonoda KH, Ohga S. Survival and ocular preservation in a long-term cohort of Japanese patients with retinoblastoma. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:37. [PMID: 31992242 PMCID: PMC6986142 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma is an ocular tumor in infants with cancer predisposition. Treatment of the rare tumor needs to be optimized for ocular preserved survival without second primary malignancy (SPM). Methods We studied the outcomes of all patients with retinoblastoma at a tertiary center in 1984–2016, when preservation method changed from radiotherapy (1984–2001) to systemic chemotherapy (2002–2016). Results One-hundred sixteen infants developed unilateral- (n = 77), bilateral- (n = 38), or trilateral-onset (n = 1) tumor. Ten (8.6%) had a positive family history, despite a few studies on RB1 gene. Contralateral disease occurred in one unilateral-onset case. One-hundred eight of 155 eyes (70%) were enucleated. Nine binocular survivors were from 5 bilateral- and 4 unilateral-onset cases. Two survivors received bilateral enucleation. Six deaths occurred; brain involvement (including 3 trilateral diseases) in 4 bilateral-onset, systemic invasion in a unilateral-onset, and SPM (osteosarcoma) in a bilateral-onset case(s). Two others survived SPM of osteosarcoma or lymphoma. The 10-year overall survival (OS: 98.5% vs. 91.3%, p = 0.068) and binocular survivors (13.2% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.154) between bilateral- and unilateral-onsets did not differ statistically. The 10-year OS and cancer (retinoblastoma/SPM)-free survival (CFS) rates of all patients were 94.9 and 88.5%, respectively. The proportion of preserved eyes did not differ between radiotherapy and chemotherapy eras. The CFS rate of bilateral-onset cases in systemic chemotherapy era was higher than that in radiotherapy era (p = 0.042). The CFS rates of bilateral-onset patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (upfront systemic therapy for preservation) was higher than those without it (p = 0.030). Conclusions Systemic chemotherapy and local therapy raised OS and binocular survival rates of bilateral-onset patients similarly to those of unilateral-onset patients. All but one death was associated with a probable germline defect of the RB1 gene. Neoadjuvant stratified chemotherapy may support the long-term binocular life with minimized risk of SPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuhki Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mika Tanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Utako Oba
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Ichimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shunji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Wakako Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuko Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Pediatrics, Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Pediatrics, Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Yoshitake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Saiji Ohga
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University. 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaliki S, Gupta S, Ramappa G, Mohamed A, Mishra DK. High-risk retinoblastoma based on age at primary enucleation: a study of 616 eyes. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:1441-1448. [PMID: 31767966 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the high-risk histopathology features of retinoblastoma based on age at primary enucleation. METHODS Retrospective study of 616 patients. RESULTS The mean age at presentation and primary enucleation for retinoblastoma was 34 months (median, 28 months; range, <1-455 months). Of these cases, 128 (21%) were aged ≤1 year, 149 (24%) were in the age group of 1-2 years, 117 (19%) in 2-3 years, 104 (17%) in 3-4 years, and 118 (19%) were >4 years of age at the time of enucleation. Bilateral retinoblastoma (34%; p < 0.0001) and buphthalmos (20%; p < 0.0001) were more common in children ≤1 year of age. Anterior chamber pseudohypopyon (15%; p < 0.0001) and vitreous seeds (53%; p < 0.0001) were more common in children aged >4 years. Based on 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, pT3 was less common in children ≤1 year of age (13%; p < 0.001). Based on histopathology, 38% patients had high-risk features including 24% children aged ≤1 year, 42% in the age group of 1-2 years, 34% in 2-3 years age group, 45% in 3-4 years age group, and 48% patients were >4 years of age. Post-laminar optic nerve infiltration (6%; p = 0.02) and massive choroidal infiltration (9%; p = 0.04) was least common in children ≤1 year of age. Over a mean follow-up period of 52 months (median, 36 months; range, <1-218 months), systemic metastasis and death occurred in 9% patients despite adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The predominant high-risk histopathology feature of retinoblastoma varies with age at primary enucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
| | - Shweta Gupta
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - George Ramappa
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics (AM), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Service (DKM), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Jong MC, Kors WA, Moll AC, de Graaf P, Castelijns JA, Jansen RW, Gallie B, Soliman SE, Shaikh F, Dimaras H, Kivelä TT. Screening for Pineal Trilateral Retinoblastoma Revisited: A Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2019; 127:601-607. [PMID: 32061409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TOPIC To determine the age up to which children are at risk of trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) developing, whether its onset is linked to the age at which intraocular retinoblastomas develop, and the lead time from a detectable pineal TRb to symptoms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Approximately 45% of patients with retinoblastoma-those with a germline RB1 pathogenic variant-are at risk of pineal TRb developing. Early detection and treatment are essential for survival. Current evidence is unclear regarding the usefulness of screening for pineal TRb and, if useful, the age up to which screening should be continued. METHODS We conducted a study according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies. We searched PubMed and Embase between January 1, 1966, and February 27, 2019, for published literature. We considered articles reporting patients with TRb with survival and follow-up data. Inclusion of articles was performed separately and independently by 2 authors, and 2 authors also independently extracted the relevant data. They resolved discrepancies by consensus. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight patients with pineal TRb were included. Of 22 asymptomatic patients, 21 (95%) were diagnosed before the age of 40 months (median, 16 months; interquartile range, 9-29 months). Age at diagnosis of pineal TRb in patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma at 6 months or younger versus older than 6 months were comparable (P = 0.44), suggesting independence between the ages at diagnosis of intraocular retinoblastoma and pineal TRb. The laterality of intraocular retinoblastoma and its treatment were not associated with the age at which pineal TRb was diagnosed. The lead time from asymptomatic to symptomatic pineal TRb was approximately 1 year. By performing a screening magnetic resonance imaging scan every 6 months after the diagnosis of heritable retinoblastoma (median age, 6 months) until 36 months of age, at least 311 and 776 scans would be required to detect 1 case of asymptomatic pineal TRb and to save a single life, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with retinoblastoma are at risk of pineal TRb developing for a shorter period than previously assumed, and the age at diagnosis of pineal TRb is independent of the age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) level of evidence for these conclusions remains low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wijnanda A Kors
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Castelijns
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin W Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sameh E Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose was to study the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma (RB) in neonates. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of five patients with RB detected in the 1st month of life. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis of RB was 22 days (median, 24 days; range, 14–28 days). There were one female and four males with neonatal RB. Two patients had a known family history of RB, and the tumor was detected by routine fundus screening in these children. Two patients were brought in with complaints of leukocoria and one patient with complaints of red-eye. All patients had an intraocular tumor at presentation. Four patients had bilateral involvement, whereas only one had unilateral involvement. Based on the International Classification of Intraocular Retinoblastoma, the tumors were classified as Group A (n = 2), Group B (n = 3), Group C (n = 1), Group D (n = 1), and Group E (n = 2). Macular involvement was noted in 6 (67%) eyes. The primary treatment included systemic chemotherapy with/without focal treatment in all patients. One patient subsequently underwent secondary enucleation as the globe became phthisical. One child died while on treatment due to pneumonia secondary to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Of the four patients who completed treatment, globe salvage was achieved in 6 (86%) eyes over a mean follow-up period of 89 months (median, 92 months; range, 29–144 months). CONCLUSION: Neonatal RB though rare, if detected early, has a favorable outcome of ocular and life salvage. Sporadic RB can occur in neonates, and a family history may not always be elicited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kaliki
- Ocular Oncology Service, The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Divya Jajapuram
- Ocular Oncology Service, The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun QX, Wang RR, Liu N, Liu C. Dysregulation of miR-204-3p Driven by the Viability and Motility of Retinoblastoma via Wnt/β-catenin Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1549-1558. [PMID: 31482398 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular tumor that frequently occurs in infants and toddlers. Although the most of RB patients in the developed countries could survival from this cancer, the patients in undeveloped areas are still suffering. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 and human retinoblastoma (RB) cell lines HXO-RB44, Y79, and WERI-Rb1 were cultured. The mRNA levels of BANCR and miR-204-3p in these cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR. After transfection with sh-BANCR or treatment with miR-204-3p inhibitor in Y79 cells, the cell proliferation rate, growth, invasion, migration, apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity were measured. The regular Y79 and Y79 cells stably expressed sh-BANCR were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, respectively. The volumes and pathohistological futures of tumors were compared. The biochemical features similar to the cell culture were detected and compered. The mRNA measurements showed that BANCR negatively modulate miR-204-3p expression via directly integration with it. Besides, miR-204-3p and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway were found to participate in the oncogenic effects of BANCR on RB cell line by Hoechst staining, cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and Western blot analysis in vitro. In addition, an in vivo tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice injected with Y79 cells stably expressed sh-BANCR conformed in the effects of BANCR on RB. Taken together, the knockdown of BANCR inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in RB via targeting miR-204-3p, the mechanism may involve inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Central Hospital of Qingdao, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127, Si-Liu South Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Central Hospital of Qingdao, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127, Si-Liu South Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Central Hospital of Qingdao, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127, Si-Liu South Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,The Central Hospital of Qingdao, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127, Si-Liu South Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Manjandavida FP, Xia J, Zhang J, Tang XY, Yi HR. In-utero ultrasonography detection of fetal retinoblastoma and neonatal selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:958-960. [PMID: 31124531 PMCID: PMC6552617 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_340_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of non-familial, sporadic fetal retinoblastoma (RB) that was accidently detected at 39 weeks of gestation on pre-natal ultrasonography in left eye (OS). Post-natal examination revealed Group A and, Group D RB in right eye (OD) and OS, respectively. At 35 days, selective ophthalmic artery intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) was performed in OS and laser for OD. Pre-natal ultrasound and its application in RB are limited to those cases with a strong genetic predisposition. Our case was accidently detected at late gestation with no familial or genetic predisposition. In addition, this was the youngest reported case that received IAC on literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fairooz P Manjandavida
- Horus Specialty Eye Care, JP Nagar 2nd Phase, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Women's and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Xia
- Women's and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Women's and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yun Tang
- Dongguan Women and Children Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Rong Yi
- Dongguan Women and Children Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Munier FL, Beck-Popovic M, Chantada GL, Cobrinik D, Kivelä TT, Lohmann D, Maeder P, Moll AC, Carcaboso AM, Moulin A, Schaiquevich P, Bergin C, Dyson PJ, Houghton S, Puccinelli F, Vial Y, Gaillard MC, Stathopoulos C. Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. "Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity". Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100764. [PMID: 31173880 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims. Historically, enucleation was the first successful therapeutic approach to decrease mortality, followed over 100 years ago by the first eye salvage attempts with radiotherapy. This led to the empiric delineation of a window for conservative management subject to a "state of metastatic grace" never to be violated. Over the last two decades, conservative management of retinoblastoma witnessed an impressive acceleration of improvements, culminating in two major paradigm shifts in therapeutic strategy. Firstly, the introduction of systemic chemotherapy and focal treatments in the late 1990s enabled radiotherapy to be progressively abandoned. Around 10 years later, the advent of chemotherapy in situ, with the capitalization of new routes of targeted drug delivery, namely intra-arterial, intravitreal and now intracameral injections, allowed significant increase in eye preservation rate, definitive eradication of radiotherapy and reduction of systemic chemotherapy. Here we intend to review the relevant knowledge susceptible to improve the conservative management of retinoblastoma in compliance with the "state of metastatic grace", with particular attention to (i) reviewing how new imaging modalities impact the frontiers of conservative management, (ii) dissecting retinoblastoma genesis, growth patterns, and intraocular routes of tumor propagation, (iii) assessing major therapeutic changes and trends, (iv) proposing a classification of relapsing retinoblastoma, (v) examining treatable/preventable disease-related or treatment-induced complications, and (vi) appraising new therapeutic targets and concepts, as well as liquid biopsy potentiality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Munier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maja Beck-Popovic
- Unit of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo L Chantada
- Hemato-Oncology Service, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cobrinik
- The Vision Center and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Pediatric Ophthalmology Services, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietmar Lohmann
- Eye Oncogenetics Research Group, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippe Maeder
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annette C Moll
- UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angel Montero Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ciara Bergin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susan Houghton
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Puccinelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Vial
- Materno-Fetal Medicine Unit, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claire Gaillard
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang G, Fu Y, Lu X, Wang M, Dong H, Li Q. LncRNA HOTAIR/miR-613/c-met axis modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinoblastoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5083-5096. [PMID: 30030888 PMCID: PMC6156449 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since lncRNAs could modulate neoplastic development by modulating downstream miRNAs and genes, this study was carried out to figure out the synthetic contribution of HOTAIR, miR-613 and c-met to viability, apoptosis and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. Totally 276 retinoblastoma tissues and tumour-adjacent tissues were collected, and human retinoblastoma cell lines (ie, Y79, HXO-Rb44, SO-Rb50 and WERI-RB1) were also gathered. Moreover, transfections of pcDNA3.1-HOTAIR, si-HOTAIR, miR-613 mimic, miR-613 inhibitor, pcDNA3.1/c-met were performed to evaluate the influence of HOTAIR, miR-613 and c-met on viability, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinoblastoma cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was also arranged to confirm the targeted relationship between HOTAIR and miR-613, as well as between miR-613 and c-met. Consequently, up-regulated HOTAIR and down-regulated miR-613 expressions displayed associations with poor survival status of retinoblastoma patients (P < 0.05). Besides, inhibited HOTAIR and promoted miR-613 elevated E-cadherin expression, yet decreased Snail and Vimentin expressions (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, cell proliferation and cell viability were also less-motivated (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, c-met prohibited the functioning of miR-613, resulting in promoted cell proliferation and viability, along with inhibited cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Finally, HOTAIR was verified to directly target miR-613, and c-met was the direct target gene of miR-613 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the role of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-613/c-met signalling axis in modulating retinoblastoma cells' viability, apoptosis and expressions of EMT-specific proteins might provide evidences for developing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies for retinoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| | - Hongtao Dong
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou CityChina
| |
Collapse
|