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Macherla S, Varghese J, Nayak UY, Velagacherla V, Lobo R, U V, Kamath V. Formulation and assessment of biological properties of garcinia indica fruit extract mouthrinse as an adjunct to oral hygiene regimen: an in vitro analysis. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230291. [PMID: 38865512 PMCID: PMC11189596 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gingivitis is substantial within the general population, necessitating rigorous oral hygiene maintenance. OBJECTIVE This study assessed a Garcinia indica (GI) fruit extract-based mouthrinse, comparing it to a 0.1% turmeric mouthrinse and a 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. The evaluation encompassed substantivity, staining potential, antimicrobial efficacy and cytocompatibility. METHODOLOGY The study employed 182 tooth sections. For antimicrobial analysis, 64 extracted human teeth coated with a polymicrobial biofilm were divided into four groups, each receiving an experimental mouthrinse or serving as a control group with distilled water. Microbial reduction was assessed through colony forming units (CFU). Substantivity was evaluated on 54 human tooth sections using a UV spectrophotometer, while staining potential was examined on 64 tooth sections. Cytocompatibility was tested using colorimetric assay to determine non-toxic levels of 0.2% GI fruit extract, 0.1% Turmeric, and 0.2% CHX. RESULTS Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Cell viability was highly significant (p<0.001) in the 0.2% GI group (64.1±0.29) compared to 0.1% Turmeric (40.2±0.34) and 0.2% CHX (10.95±1.40). For antimicrobial activity, both 0.2% GI (20.18±4.81) and 0.2% CHX (28.22±5.41) exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05) at end of 12 hours. However, 0.1% Turmeric showed minimal CFU reduction (P<0.001). Substantivity results at 360 minutes indicated statistically significant higher mean release rate in 0.1%Turmeric (12.47±5.84 ) when compared to 0.2% GI (5.02±3.04) and 0.2% CHX (4.13±2.25) (p<0.001). The overall discoloration changes (∆E) were more prominent in the 0.2% CHX group (18.65±8.3) compared to 0.2% GI (7.61±2.4) and 0.1% Turmeric (7.32±4.9) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study supports 0.2% GI and 0.1% Turmeric mouth rinses as potential natural alternatives to chemical mouth rinses. These findings highlight viability of these natural supplements in oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravya Macherla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jothi Varghese
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Varalakshmi Velagacherla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Viswanatha U
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Centre for Research in Ayurveda & Allied sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak Kamath
- Goa Dental College and Hospital, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Analysis of Pulp Tissue Viability and Cytotoxicity of Pulp Capping Agents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020539. [PMID: 36675467 PMCID: PMC9861128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research study assessed the cell viability and cytotoxic effect of mineral tri-oxide aggregate (MTA), Tetric N-Bond Universal bonding agent, Theracal PT (pulpotomy treatment), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as pulp capping agents on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of an extracted healthy permanent third molar. After four passages in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, the primary cells were employed for the investigation. The test materials and untreated cells (negative control) were subjected to an Methylthiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and assessed at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals. The Wilcoxon matched-paired t-test and Kruskal−Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were applied (p < 0.05). PRF imparted the highest cell viability at 48 h (p < 0.001), followed by MTA, Theracal PT, and Tetric N-Bond. Similarly, PRF had the highest potential to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation (p < 0.001), followed by Theracal PT, MTA, and the bonding agent at the end of 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Finally, PRF sustained the viability of human primary dental pulp stem cells more effectively than Theracal PT and MTA; however, the application of a Tetric N-Bond as a pulp capping agent was ineffective.
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Mahmood S, Bhattarai P, Khan NR, Subhan Z, Razaque G, Albarqi HA, Alqahtani AA, Alasiri A, Zhu L. An Investigation for Skin Tissue Regeneration Enhancement/Augmentation by Curcumin-Loaded Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2904. [PMID: 35890680 PMCID: PMC9315559 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the global metabolic disorders, is often associated with delayed wound healing due to the elevated level of free radicals at the wound site, which hampers skin regeneration. This study aimed at developing a curcumin-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for diabetic wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. For this purpose, various curcumin-loaded SEDDS formulations were prepared and optimized. Then, the SEDDS formulations were characterized by the emulsion droplet size, surface charge, drug content/entrapment efficiency, drug release, and stability. In vitro, the formulations were assessed for the cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, cell migration, and inhibition of the intracellular ROS production in the NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In vivo, the formulations' wound healing and skin regeneration potential were evaluated on the induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that, after being dispersed in the aqueous medium, the optimized SEDDS formulation was readily emulsified and formed a homogenous dispersion with a droplet size of 37.29 ± 3.47 nm, surface charge of -20.75 ± 0.07 mV, and PDI value of less than 0.3. The drug content in the optimized formulation was found to be 70.51% ± 2.31%, with an encapsulation efficiency of 87.36% ± 0.61%. The SEDDS showed a delayed drug release pattern compared to the pure drug solution, and the drug release rate followed the Fickian diffusion kinetically. In the cell culture, the formulations showed lower cytotoxicity, higher cellular uptake, and increased ROS production inhibition, and promoted the cell migration in the scratch assay compared to the pure drug. The in vivo data indicated that the curcumin-loaded SEDDS-treated diabetic rats had significantly faster-wound healing and re-epithelialization compared with the untreated and pure drug-treated groups. Our findings in this work suggest that the curcumin-loaded SEDDS might have great potential in facilitating diabetic wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan;
- Gomal Centre for Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Prapanna Bhattarai
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nauman Rahim Khan
- Gomal Centre for Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zakia Subhan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Kohat 26000, KPK, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Razaque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, Baluchistan, Pakistan;
| | - Hassan A. Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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The Potential Application of Natural Photosensitizers Used in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Oral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060767. [PMID: 35745686 PMCID: PMC9227410 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health problems and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacterial strains have become major global challenges and are essential elements that negatively affect general well-being. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is based on a light source and oxygen that activates a nontoxic photosensitizer, resulting in microbial destruction. Synthetic and natural products can be used to help the APDT against oral microorganisms. The undesirable consequences of conventional photosensitizers, including toxicity, and cost encourage researchers to explore new promising photosensitizers based on natural compounds such as curcumin, chlorella, chlorophyllin, phycocyanin, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and riboflavin. In this review, we summarize in vitro studies describing the potential use of APDT therapy conjugated with some natural products against selected microorganisms that are considered to be responsible for oral infections.
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Chen D, Yu C, Ying Y, Luo Y, Ren L, Zhu C, Yang K, Wu B, Liu Q. Study of the Osteoimmunomodulatory Properties of Curcumin-Modified Copper-Bearing Titanium. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103205. [PMID: 35630685 PMCID: PMC9144993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis can lead to implant failure. In this study, curcumin (CUR) was modified onto the copper-bearing titanium alloy (Cu-Ti) with the assistance of polydopamine (PDA) in order to study the bone immune response and subsequent osteogenesis. FE-SEM, XPS and water contact angle were utilized to characterize the coating surface. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and macrophages were cultured separately and together onto the CUR modified Cu-Ti. Cell activity, expression of relative genes and proteins, cell migration ability, and fluorescence staining of cells were performed. CUR modification slightly increased the activation of M1-type and M2-type cells under physiological conditions. In the inflammation state, CUR inhibited the overexpression of M1 macrophages and induced M2-type differentiation. In addition, the modification itself could provoke the expression of osteoblastic-related genes of BMSCs, while promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of macrophages in both physiological and inflammatory states. The BMSCs migration was increased, the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins was up-regulated, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was increased. Thus, the modification of CUR can promote the osteointegration effect of Cu-Ti by bone immunomodulation and may, in addition, improve the success rate of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.C.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.C.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.C.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyi Luo
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.R.); (K.Y.)
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.R.); (K.Y.)
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.C.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (B.W.); Tel.: +86-20-62787153 (Q.L.); +86-20-62787678 (B.W.)
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.C.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (B.W.); Tel.: +86-20-62787153 (Q.L.); +86-20-62787678 (B.W.)
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