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Menon V, Vijayakumar L. Artificial intelligence-based approaches for suicide prediction: Hope or hype? Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 88:103728. [PMID: 37573803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of suicide risk is important because it allows evidence-based interventions to be targeted to at-risk populations. Conventional approaches to prediction of suicide risk have shown suboptimal accuracy. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for suicide prediction, with their ability to handle big data collected through low-burden methods, have gained research traction in the recent past. Preliminary evidence suggests the promise of AI-driven methods for suicide prediction and prevention. These methods may hold particular relevance for India and other low-and-middle-income countries because they may be more feasible, scalable, less stigmatizing, and potentially more resource-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- SNEHA, Chennai, India; Dept of Psychiatry,Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India; University of Melbourne, Australia; University of Griffith, Australia
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Naveed S, Tahir SM, Imran N, Rafiq B, Ayub M, Haider II, Khan MM. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Patterns of Suicide in Pakistan: An Analysis of Current Trends. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1064-1070. [PMID: 36609784 PMCID: PMC9825092 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a global phenomenon with about 79% of suicides occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study investigated current trends, demographics, and characteristics of completed suicides based on reports from leading Pakistani Newspapers. This study performed a qualitative analysis of completed suicides in Pakistan's four newspapers from January 1st, 2019, through December 31st, 2020. Data about socio-demographic characteristics, methods of suicide, possible motives, and associated features were analyzed. 2295 suicides were reported in Pakistan during 2019 and 2020. About 61.87% were completed by men, and 38.12% by women. The most suicides occurred in individuals ages < 30 years. The predominant method of suicide in this group was ingestion of poisonous substances. The most commonly reported reasons for suicide were domestic conflicts, financial problems, and failure in love/marriage. By providing insight into characteristics of suicide, this study highlights the need for effective suicide prevention policies and programs to tackle rising rates of suicide in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Naveed
- Eastern Health Connecticut Network, Manchester, CT, USA.
| | | | - Nazish Imran
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bariah Rafiq
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ayub
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ruben JP, Ekstrand ML, Heylen E, Srinivasan K. Correlates for the severity of suicidal risk in participants with common mental disorders with comorbid chronic medical conditions in rural primary healthcare settings in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:687-693. [PMID: 37485404 PMCID: PMC10358822 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_41_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Suicide is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India. There are limited studies assessing factors linked to the severity of suicidal risk in patients with depression and comorbid chronic medical disorders in primary healthcare (PHC) settings. Aim This study examines factors linked to suicidal risk among participants in a cluster randomized controlled trial of collaborative care intervention (Healthier Options through Empowerment (HOPE Study)). Settings and Design The setting was at 49 PHC in the rural Ramanagara District of Karnataka State in southern India. Study eligibility criteria included being ≥30 years with at least mild depression or generalized anxiety disorder and at least one medical condition (cardiovascular disorder or type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods and Material The severity of suicidal risk at baseline was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and other measures included the severity of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9-items (PHQ-9)), the severity of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7-items (GAD-7)), disability, social support, quality of life, number of comorbid chronic medical illnesses, and body mass index (BMI). Statistical Analysis Used Chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of the no-low and mod-high suicidal risk groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates associated with the mod-high suicidal risk group. Results Mod-high suicidal risk was significantly positively associated with the severity of depression and disability and significantly negatively associated with social support. Conclusion The severity of depression, higher disability scores, and lower social support were found to be independent correlates of mod-high suicidal risk. Screening, managing depression, and facilitating social support for patients with chronic medical illness in PHC settings may reduce suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson-Pradeep Ruben
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria L. Ekstrand
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Division of Prevention Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elsa Heylen
- Division of Prevention Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Krishnamachari Srinivasan
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Borah K, Jose TT, Mysore Nagaraj AK, Moxham L. Suicide prevention program (SPP) in South Asian Countries: A protocol for systematic review. F1000Res 2023; 12:425. [PMID: 37484516 PMCID: PMC10362371 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132215.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Every year, over 700,000 individuals lose their life by suicide and many individuals attempt suicide. Suicide occurs in all age groups and is the fourth major cause of death among 15-29-year-olds globally in 2019. A suicide prevention program (SPP) is a capacity-building program that helps gatekeepers to identify the risk of suicide. The objective of the review is to determine the effectiveness of SPP on the improvement of knowledge, attitude, and gatekeeper behaviour among gatekeepers in South Asian countries so that the number of suicide cases will be reduced among college students in South Asia countries. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) will be followed in this review. This review will include all interventional studies (controlled and uncontrolled) that provided a suicide prevention program to the gatekeepers as an intervention. The full-text articles will be included from the following databases, Scopus, PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL, published in peer-reviewed, and indexed journals from the date of inception to 2022. A grey literature search and hand-search of reference lists of the included studies will also be done. A search strategy will be developed using keywords and MeSH terms for each database. Cochrane ROB-2 tool, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist will be used to evaluate the quality of individual studies. Analysis of the data will be done using narrative synthesis. Conclusions: This review will provide information on knowledge, attitude, and gatekeeper behaviour toward suicide prevention in college students and will be helpful for the prevention of suicide. Therefore, the authors plan to publish the review outcome through a peer-reviewed journal. Registration : The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023387020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallabi Borah
- Psychiatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tessy Treesa Jose
- Psychiatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mysore Nagaraj
- Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Lorna Moxham
- Mental Health Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Suicide is a major, global, public health issue. Those who attempt suicide represent a high-risk subgroup for eventual death by suicide. We provide an update on emerging evidence for interventions for attempted suicide to reduce subsequent suicidal behavior. RECENT FINDINGS Major approaches that have been examined recently include pharmacological, psychosocial, brief active contact and outreach interventions, and digitally driven interventions. Notwithstanding the limited evidence base for most of these approaches, brief contact and follow-up interventions appear to have more robust effects on reduction of repeat suicidal behavior, including attempts; such approaches may have especial significance in emergency settings because of their brevity. Digital interventions for self-harm appear promising in the short-term whereas the evidence for pharmacological and psychosocial strategies remain inconclusive. SUMMARY Although current evidence supports the use of brief interventions, contact, and outreach for reducing risk of subsequent suicide attempts and suicidal behavior, there are large gaps and limitations in the evidence base related to trial design, lack of long-term efficacy data, and implementational challenges. More robustly designed long-term trials that examine integrated intervention approaches with well defined outcomes are needed to develop recommendations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- SNEHA
- Dept of Psychiatry, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India
- University of Melbourne, Australia
- University of Griffith, Australia
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Philip S, Mukherjee N, Shekhar A. Rise in suicide related deaths in minors during the pandemic in a LAMI country. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022:207640221117019. [PMID: 35938589 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Philip
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nirmalya Mukherjee
- Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Aggarwal P, Ortiz S, Jain A, Velkoff E, George TS, Smith A, Raval VV. Examining psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire among college students in India. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:110-120. [PMID: 34664312 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the second-highest population in the world, suicide-related deaths in India are high, and adults under 30 are particularly at an increased risk. However, empirical examinations of factors contributing to suicide in India and assessments of reliability and validity of self-report measures assessing these constructs are rare. AIMS The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ). MATERIALS & METHODS Undergraduate students in India (N = 432) completed the INQ and questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation, depression, fearlessness about death, and pain tolerance. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses of the 15-item INQ indicated that after removing three items assessing perceived burdensomeness, the two-factor structure of INQ demonstrated acceptable fit with good internal consistency for each of the subscales (α = .84-.90). In line with the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS), thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness interacted to predict suicidal ideation. Additionally, these constructs were positively associated with suicidal ideation and depression, and weakly correlated with fearlessness about death and pain tolerance. DISCUSSION Results support the relevance of the IPTS for understanding suicidal ideation among college students in India. CONCLUSION The results suggest that modified INQ demonstrates strong internal consistency, as well as good construct, criterion, and discriminant validity among Indian college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Anjali Jain
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Tony S George
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bengaluru, India
| | - April Smith
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Shoib S, Gaitán Buitrago JET, Shuja KH, Aqeel M, de Filippis R, Abbas J, Ullah I, Arafat SMY. Suicidal behavior sociocultural factors in developing countries during COVID-19. L'ENCEPHALE 2022; 48:78-82. [PMID: 34654566 PMCID: PMC8457957 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sociocultural factors in the aftermath of any pandemic can play a role in increasing suicidal behavior like suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, or suicide. The authors discuss the risk and predisposing factors for suicidal ideation among mental health patients in four developing countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, India and Pakistan), this aims to grasp the heterogeneity of these motivators and to elaborate specific interventions regarding suicide in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We searched PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar through March, 2021 for articles using a combination of the keywords and generic terms for suicide, suicide ideation, COVID-19, developing countries, low-middle-income countries, Sociocultural factors, Suicidal behavior, predisposing factors and predictive factors, for articles in English language only, and without publication time restriction. RESULTS This narrative review summarizes the sociocultural risk and predisposing factors for suicidal behavior in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal those factors such as fear of being infected, growing economic pressure, lack of resources due to lockdown are mostly responsible in the four countries for the current increase in suicides. There are a few cultural differences that are specified in the narrative. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health challenge, in which prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior have been suboptimal, especially in low-middle-income countries. Based on literature results, we provide practical suggestions (e.g., reducing infodemic, specialized helplines, improving mental health services availability) in order to tackle main challenges of suicide prevention, such as lack of adequate manpower, fragile health system and poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shoib
- Psychiatric Department, Jawar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Rainawari Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190003, India
| | | | - K H Shuja
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Aqeel
- Faculty Member, Foundation University, Department of Psychology, Defense Avenue, Phase-I, DHA, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - R de Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - J Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management (ACM), School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - I Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S M Y Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
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Ransing R, Menon V, Kar SK, Arafat SMY, Padhy SK. Measures to Improve the Quality of National Suicide Data of India: The Way Forward. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:70-73. [PMID: 35509665 PMCID: PMC9022909 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620973416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walalwalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sujita Kumar Kar, Dept. of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh226003, India. E-mail:
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Singh P, Das A, William J, Bruckner T. Fertility, economic development, and suicides among women in India. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1751-1759. [PMID: 33721038 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indian states at greater levels of economic development report more suicides. This relation appears stronger among women relative to men. We test the hypothesis, suggested in the literature, that conflict between rapid economic growth and inadequate female autonomy (approximated using total fertility rate) varies positively with female suicides. METHODS We used state-level data on female suicides for all 35 Indian states and union territories, from 2001 to 2011, from the National Crime Records Bureau. We specified, as our outcome, age-adjusted female suicides per 100,000 population per state-year. We retrieved data on key covariates, namely, gross state domestic product (GSDP) per capita, total fertility rate (TFR), and other control variables from multiple national surveys and publicly available data sources. We examined whether and to what extent age-adjusted female suicides (per 100,000 population) correspond with total fertility rate (lower TFR indicates greater female autonomy and vice versa) within the context of greater economic development (GSDP per capita). Linear longitudinal mixed effect regressions controlled for state-specific random intercepts, son preference (male:female sex ratio at birth), literacy gap (percentage difference between literate males and females), access to health systems (institutional deliveries), female to male employment ratio, and linear time trends. RESULTS At constant levels of GSDP per capita, a one unit decline in TFR corresponds with 0.27 fewer female suicides per 100,000 population (P value = 0.008). Sensitivity tests indicate that this relation does not hold for male age-adjusted suicides (per 100,000 population). CONCLUSION Our findings, if replicated, indicate that at constant levels of economic development, lower TFR (indicating greater female autonomy) may reduce suicide risk among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvati Singh
- Program in Public Health, University of California, 653 E. Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Abhery Das
- Program in Public Health, University of California, 653 E. Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Jenesca William
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tim Bruckner
- Program in Public Health, University of California, 653 E. Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.,Center for Population, Inequality, and Policy (CPIP), University of California, Irvine, USA
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Menon V, Mani AM, Kurian N, Sahadevan S, Sreekumar S, Venu S, Kar SK, Arafat SMY. Newspaper reporting of suicide news in a high suicide burden state in India: Is it compliant with international reporting guidelines? Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 60:102647. [PMID: 33887673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence points to a substantial link between detailed media portrayals of suicide and imitative suicidal behaviour. We assessed the quality of media reporting of suicide in Kerala, a high suicide burden state in India against the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting guidelines. METHODS We conducted a year-round content analysis of all suicide-related news articles in four (two local language and two English) of the most widely read daily newspapers in Kerala. We used a data extraction form, prepared a priori in accordance with the WHO reporting checklist, and coded each item based on the guidelines. RESULTS A total of 377 suicide news articles were retrieved. Harmful reporting practices such as reporting the name (93.9 %) and age (93.6 %) of the deceased, method of suicide (93.1 %), location of suicide (88.9 %), monocausal explanations (48.8 %), and including photograph of the deceased (37.7 %) were commonly noted. On the other hand, less than a fifth of articles complied with helpful practices such as including details of suicide support helpline (19.1 %) or a link with mental health issues (14.9 %). Local language newspapers displayed more frequent violations in reporting compared to English newspapers. CONCLUSION Media reporting of suicide in Kerala, India is poorly adherent to international reporting guidelines, with very little focus on educating the public. These findings point to the need for framing comprehensive media reporting guidelines for India and a collaborative approach to highlight the primary role of media in suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Anu Mary Mani
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, 680555, India
| | - Neetu Kurian
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, 682311, India
| | - Sreeja Sahadevan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, 682311, India
| | - Sreeja Sreekumar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, 682311, India
| | - Sandesh Venu
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, 1340, Bangladesh
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Paiva ND. Psychotherapy with no body in the room. JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0075417x.2021.1900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ransing R, Kar SK, Menon V, Mhamunkar A, Patil I, Arafat SY. Quality of newspaper reporting of suicidal behavior in Maharashtra, India. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-08-2020-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the adherence of media reports of suicide published in vernacular language newspapers against the World Health Organization guidelines.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a content analysis of all suicide-related news reports published in the seven most widely circulated vernacular newspapers of Maharashtra. News reports published from April 2020 to May 2020 were included.
Findings
Among the 355 retrieved suicide reports, 39.2% reports were placed at a prominent position of the newspaper, 92.8% mentioned the name of a person, 93.8% mentioned the method of suicide, while 56.0% reported monocausal explanations for suicide. In contrast, 20.8% of news reports acknowledged a link with mental health disorders, while 0.3% news reports provided information about suicide prevention programs, and 0.8% mentioned suicide-related statistics.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to report content analysis of suicide reports from Maharashtra state, which is one of the most developed states in India and has high rates of youth and farmer suicides.
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Chatterjee SS, D’cruz M. Imitative Suicide, Mental Health, and Related Sobriquets. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:560-565. [PMID: 33354083 PMCID: PMC7735246 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620960375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Migita D’cruz
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Snowdon J, Choi NG. Undercounting of suicides: Where suicide data lie hidden. Glob Public Health 2020; 15:1894-1901. [DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1801789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Snowdon
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney University, Concord, Australia
| | - Namkee G. Choi
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Bonvoisin T, Utyasheva L, Knipe D, Gunnell D, Eddleston M. Suicide by pesticide poisoning in India: a review of pesticide regulations and their impact on suicide trends. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:251. [PMID: 32075613 PMCID: PMC7031890 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide self-poisoning is a common means of suicide in India. Banning highly hazardous pesticides from agricultural use has been successful in reducing total suicide numbers in several South Asian countries without affecting agricultural output. Here, we describe national and state-level regulation of highly hazardous pesticides and explore how they might relate to suicide rates across India. METHODS Information on pesticide regulation was collated from agriculture departments of the central government and all 29 state governments (excluding union territories). National and state-level data on suicides from 1995 to 2015 were obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). We used joinpoint analysis and negative binomial regression to investigate the trends in suicide rates nationally and in Kerala, in view of the robust measures Kerala has taken to restrict a number of HHPs, to identify any effect on suicides. RESULTS As of October 2019, 318 pesticides were registered for use in India, of which 18 were extremely (Class Ia) or highly (Class Ib) hazardous according to World Health Organization toxicity criteria. Despite many highly hazardous pesticides still being available, several bans have been implemented during the period studied. In our quantitative analyses we focused on the permanent bans in Kerala in 2005 (of endosulfan) and 2011 (of 14 other pesticides); and nationally in 2011 (of endosulfan). NCRB data indicate that pesticides were used in 441,918 reported suicides in India from 1995 to 2015, 90.3% of which occurred in 11 of the 29 states. There was statistical evidence of lower than expected rates of pesticide suicides (rate ratio [RR] 0.52, 95% CI 0.49-0.54) and total suicides nationally by 2014 (0.90, 0.87-0.93) after the 2011 endosulfan ban. In Kerala, there was a lower than expected rate of pesticide suicides (0.45, 0.42-0.49), but no change to the already decreasing trend in total suicides (1.02, 1.00-1.05) after the 2011 ban of 14 pesticides. The 2005 ban on endosulfan showed a similar effect - lower than expected pesticide suicides (0.79, 0.64-0.99), but no change to the decreasing trend of total suicides (0.97, 0.93-1.02) in 2010. There was no evidence of a decline in agricultural outputs following the bans. CONCLUSION Highly hazardous pesticides continue to be used in India and pesticide suicide remains a serious public health problem. However, some pesticide bans do appear to have impacted previous trends in the rates of both pesticide suicides and all suicides. Comprehensive national bans of highly hazardous pesticides could lead to a reduction in suicides across India, in addition to reduced occupational poisoning, with minimal effects on agricultural yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Bonvoisin
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Leah Utyasheva
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Duleeka Knipe
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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