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Shah S, Priyanka, Sharma S. An Updated Trial Sequential Meta-analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1 and Apa1) and Risk to Tuberculosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:60-72. [PMID: 38223006 PMCID: PMC10784437 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is one of the most widely studied genes for the Tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Several studies have been conducted to establish some association between them but most of the time they are contradictory and underpowered. So, a trial sequential meta-analysis between VDR gene polymorphisms and TB susceptibility can provide a better understanding of the relationship. A meta-analysis was carried out using a total of 17 case-control studies which includes Fok1 (14 Studies), Bsm1 (8 Studies), Apa1 (8 Studies) and Taq1 (12 Studies) polymorphisms in the VDR gene searched from Pubmed and Google Scholar. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated using StatsDirect Version 3, using random effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed to assess if the statistical significance of the meta-analysis was within monitoring boundaries. It was found that the individuals with BB genotype of Bsm1 polymorphism with OR = 0.713 (95%CI = 0.521, 0.974; p value < 0.05) and FF genotype of Fok1 polymorphism with pooled OR = 0.716 (95%CI = 0.523, 0.979; p value < 0.05) had decreased incidence of TB. Also, the aa genotype of Apa1 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to TB with pooled OR = 1.997 (95%CI = 1.121, 3.558; p value < 0.05). All these analyses reached the required information size through TSA analysis. No statistically significant result was found for Taq1 polymorphisms and TB susceptibility. VDR polymorphisms in Fok1 and Bsm1 played protective roles against development of TB infection, while Apa1 appeared to have a significant association to TB susceptibility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01091-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Shah
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, DS Kothari Central Facility for Interdisciplinary Research (DSKC), University of Delhi, Miranda House, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, DS Kothari Central Facility for Interdisciplinary Research (DSKC), University of Delhi, Miranda House, 110007 Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
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Gasperini B, Falvino A, Piccirilli E, Tarantino U, Botta A, Visconti VV. Methylation of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 38203278 PMCID: PMC10779104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which has important roles in bone homeostasis, growth/differentiation of cells, immune functions, and reduction of inflammation. Emerging evidences suggest that epigenetic modifications of the VDR gene, particularly DNA methylation, may contribute to the onset and progression of many human disorders. This review aims to summarize the available information on the role of VDR methylation signatures in different pathological contexts, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, and others. The reversible nature of DNA methylation could enable the development of therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the management of these worldwide diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gasperini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Angela Falvino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
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Gaglani P, Dwivedi M, Upadhyay TK, Kaushal RS, Ahmad I, Saeed M. A pro-oxidant property of vitamin C to overcome the burden of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: A cross-talk review with Fenton reaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1152269. [PMID: 37153159 PMCID: PMC10155705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1152269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacillus M. tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest infectious illnesses of our day, along with HIV and malaria.Chemotherapy, the cornerstone of TB control efforts, is jeopardized by the advent of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to many, if not all, of the existing medications.Isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are used to treat drug-susceptible TB for two months, followed by four months of INH and RIF, but chemotherapy with potentially harmful side effects is sometimes needed to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB for up to two years. Chemotherapy might be greatly shortened by drugs that kill M. tuberculosis more quickly while simultaneously limiting the emergence of drug resistance.Regardless of their intended target, bactericidal medicines commonly kill pathogenic bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive) by producing hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction.Researchers have concentrated on vitamins with bactericidal properties to address the rising cases globally and have discovered that these vitamins are effective when given along with first-line drugs. The presence of elevated iron content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage all contributed to VC's sterilizing action on M. tb in vitro. Moreover, it has a pleiotropic effect on a variety of biological processes such as detoxification, protein folding - chaperons, cell wall processes, information pathways, regulatory, virulence, metabolism etc.In this review report, the authors extensively discussed the effects of VC on M. tb., such as the generation of free radicals and bactericidal mechanisms with existing treatments, and their further drug development based on ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Gaglani
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Kaushal
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- *Correspondence: Radhey Shyam Kaushal, ; Mohd Saeed,
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Radhey Shyam Kaushal, ; Mohd Saeed,
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Patti G, Pellegrino C, Ricciardi A, Novara R, Cotugno S, Papagni R, Guido G, Totaro V, De Iaco G, Romanelli F, Stolfa S, Minardi ML, Ronga L, Fato I, Lattanzio R, Bavaro DF, Gualano G, Sarmati L, Saracino A, Palmieri F, Di Gennaro F. Potential Role of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E in TB Treatment and Prevention: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1354. [PMID: 34827292 PMCID: PMC8614960 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's top infectious killers, in fact every year 10 million people fall ill with TB and 1.5 million people die from TB. Vitamins have an important role in vital functions, due to their anti-oxidant, pro-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and to metabolic functions. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize the evidence and still open questions regarding vitamin supplementation as a prophylactic measure in those who are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and active TB; (2) Methods: We conducted a search on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and WHO websites starting from March 1950 to September 2021, in order to identify articles discussing the role of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E and Tuberculosis; (3) Results: Supplementation with multiple micronutrients (including zinc) rather than vitamin A alone may be more beneficial in TB. The WHO recommend Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) when high-dose isoniazid is administered. High concentrations of vitamin C sterilize drug-susceptible, MDR and extensively drug-resistant MTB cultures and prevent the emergence of drug persisters; Vitamin D suppresses the replication of mycobacterium in vitro while VE showed a promising role in TB management as a result of its connection with oxidative balance; (4) Conclusions: Our review suggests and encourages the use of vitamins in TB patients. In fact, their use may improve outcomes by helping both nutritionally and by interacting directly and/or indirectly with MTB. Several and more comprehensive trials are needed to reinforce these suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Patti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Carmen Pellegrino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Aurelia Ricciardi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Novara
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sergio Cotugno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Papagni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Giacomo Guido
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Valentina Totaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppina De Iaco
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Federica Romanelli
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Stefania Stolfa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Letizia Minardi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Ronga
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (S.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Ilenia Fato
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Rossana Lattanzio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Gina Gualano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy; (M.L.M.); (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (R.N.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (G.G.); (V.T.); (G.D.I.); (R.L.); (D.F.B.); (A.S.); (F.D.G.)
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5
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Fluorescence Imaging-Based Discovery of Membrane Domain-Associated Proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0041921. [PMID: 34516286 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00419-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria spatially organize their plasma membrane, and many enzymes involved in envelope biosynthesis associate with a membrane compartment termed the intracellular membrane domain (IMD). The IMD is concentrated in the polar regions of growing cells and becomes less polarized under nongrowing conditions. Because mycobacteria elongate from the poles, the observed polar localization of the IMD during growth likely supports the localized biosynthesis of envelope components. While we have identified more than 300 IMD-associated proteins by proteomic analyses, only a few of these have been verified by independent experimental methods. Furthermore, some IMD-associated proteins may have escaped proteomic identification and remain to be identified. Here, we visually screened an arrayed library of 523 Mycobacterium smegmatis strains, each producing a Dendra2-FLAG-tagged recombinant protein. We identified 29 fusion proteins that showed polar fluorescence patterns characteristic of IMD proteins. Twenty of these had previously been suggested to localize to the IMD based on proteomic data. Of the nine remaining IMD candidate proteins, three were confirmed by biochemical methods to be associated with the IMD. Taken together, this new colocalization strategy is effective in verifying the IMD association of proteins found by proteomic analyses while facilitating the discovery of additional IMD-associated proteins. IMPORTANCE The intracellular membrane domain (IMD) is a membrane subcompartment found in Mycobacterium smegmatis cells. Proteomic analysis of purified IMD identified more than 300 proteins, including enzymes involved in cell envelope biosynthesis. However, proteomics on its own is unlikely to detect every IMD-associated protein because of technical and biological limitations. Here, we describe fluorescent protein colocalization as an alternative, independent approach. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, proteomics, and subcellular fractionation, we identified three new proteins associated with the IMD. Such a robust method to rigorously define IMD proteins will benefit future investigations to decipher the synthesis, maintenance, and functions of this membrane domain and help delineate a more general mechanism of subcellular protein localization in mycobacteria.
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Taha R, Abureesh S, Alghamdi S, Hassan RY, Cheikh MM, Bagabir RA, Almoallim H, Abdulkhaliq A. The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Infections Including COVID-19: Any Hopes? Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3849-3870. [PMID: 34335050 PMCID: PMC8318784 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s317421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is proposed to have a potential role in the pathogenicity, clinical presentation, prognosis, complications, and treatment of several diseases. In addition to its well-known role in calcium metabolism, vitamin D regulates both innate and adaptive immunity, and subsequently modulates the antiviral and antibacterial inflammatory immune responses. In view of the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, searching for potential therapeutic and protective strategies is of urgent interest, and vitamin D is one of the promising agents in this field. In this review, we present data from literature that supports the promising role of vitamin D in treatment and/or prevention of several infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review summarizes vitamin D metabolism and its role in inflammation, thrombosis and immune regulation. It also reviews, in short, the role of vitamin D and the impact of its deficiency in several infections namely tuberculosis, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and SARS-CoV-2. Considering the roles of vitamin D on immune modulation, controlling of thrombosis, and attacking several microorganisms, the current review will elaborate on the association between these salient roles of vitamin D and the pathogenicity of various infectious agents including COVID-19. Consequently, the comprehensive finding of the current review shows a possible significant impact of vitamin D supplement as a hope in preventing, treating, and/or improving the progression of certain infections, specifically during the worldwide attempts to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and minimize the severity of health complications encountered accordingly. In addition, avoiding a status of vitamin D deficiency to obtain its positive effects on the immune system and its protective mechanism during infections will be a general benefit overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rbab Taha
- Department of Transplant Infectious Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahd Abureesh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuruq Alghamdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Y Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Cheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania A Bagabir
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Almoallim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Alzaidi Chair of Research in Rheumatic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad S, Arora S, Khan S, Mohsin M, Mohan A, Manda K, Syed MA. Vitamin D and its therapeutic relevance in pulmonary diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108571. [PMID: 33388351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is customarily involved in maintaining bone and calcium homeostasis. However, contemporary studies have identified the implication of vitamin D in several cellular processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, repair and regulatory systems inclusive of host defence, immunity, and inflammation. Multiple studies have indicated corelations between low serum levels of vitamin D, perturbed pulmonary functions and enhanced incidences of inflammatory diseases. Almost all of the pulmonary diseases including acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD, Pneumonia and Tuberculosis, all are inflammatory in nature. Studies have displayed strong inter-relations with vitamin D deficiency and progression of lung disorders; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Vitamin D has emerged to possess inhibiting effects on pulmonary inflammation while exaggerating innate immune defenses by strongly influencing functions of inflammatory cells including dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophages, T cells, and B cells along with structural epithelial cells. This review dissects the effects of vitamin D on the inflammatory cells and their therapeutic relevance in pulmonary diseases. Although, the data obtained is very limited and needs further corroboration but presents an exciting area of further research. This is because of its ease of supplementation and development of personalized medicine which could lead us to an effective adjunct and cost-effective method of therapeutic modality for highly fatal pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Manda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Song N, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Lv M, Tang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Zheng H, Liu S. Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32390998 PMCID: PMC7188828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (VB 1) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of Mycobacterium bovis BCG when treated with VB 1 and Vc. Our results show that, after vitamin treatment, variant metabolites were mainly clustered in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Treatment with both vitamins significantly up-regulated the gene encoding cysteine synthase A. Additionally, only BCG that was treated with VC showed m4c modifications. Genes harboring this methylation were up-regulated, suggesting that m4c methylation can promote gene transcription to some extent. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of VB 1 and VC, and suggests that these vitamins constitute potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Non-antibiotic adjunctive therapy: A promising approach to fight tuberculosis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104289. [PMID: 31152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently a clinical and public health problem. There is a concern about the emergence and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) species. Additionally, the lack of effective vaccines is another limitation to control the related infections. To overcome these problems various approaches have been pursued such as finding novel drug candidates with a new mechanism of action or repurposing conventional antibiotics. However, these strategies are still far from clinical application. Hence, the use of adjunctive therapy has been suggested for TB. In this paper, we review non-antibiotic adjunctive treatment options for TB. Natural products, vitamins, micronutrients, and trace elementals, as well as non-antibiotic drugs, are examples of agents which have been used as adjunctive therapies. The use of these adjunctive therapies has been shown to improve disease outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic drugs. Employing these agents, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, might be considered as a promising approach to control TB infections and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is still scant and merits further investigations.
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Yew WW, Chang KC, Chan DP, Zhang Y. Can vitamin C help in managing tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus? Respirology 2019; 24:819-820. [PMID: 31106929 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Chiu Chang
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise P Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Ghazal B, Kaya EN, Husain A, Ganesan A, Durmuş M, Makhseed S. Biotinylated-cationic zinc(II) phthalocyanine towards photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting biotin receptors in cancer cells can improve specifying of photosensitizers (PSs) for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Consequently, there has been extensive research focusing mainly on the design of PSs with optimized pharmaceutical properties and better targeting toward cancer cells. Herein a tailored mono-biotinylated zinc(II) phthalocyanine (Pc-1) substituted with six phenoxy-bis(triazolyl) substituents has been synthesized. This Pc-1 has been further modified to its cationic version (Pc-2) through quaternizing of the triazole moiety to gain water solubility. Both non-ionic zinc(II) phthalocyanine (Pc-1) and its cationic derivative (Pc-2) were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques, namely; FT-IR, 1H and [Formula: see text]C NMR, UV-Vis and MALDI-TOF, and by elemental analysis. The photophysical and photochemical properties were evaluated in DMSO for the non-ionic Pc-1 and in both DMSO and water for the cationic Pc-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Esra Nur Kaya
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ali Husain
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Asaithampi Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
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Hasanain AFA, Zayed AAAH, Abd-Ellatief RB, Nafee AMA. Efficacy and safety of cholecalciferol-augmented anti-tuberculosis therapy for treatment of naïve patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A randomized, controlled, clinical study. Indian J Tuberc 2019; 66:111-117. [PMID: 30797266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the therapeutic failure of antituberculosis therapy (ATT). The aim of this study is to explore the role of adding cholecalciferol to the standard ATT in improving the therapeutic outcome among the naïve patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). METHODS A randomized, controlled, clinical study, which included 496 naïve patients with pulmonary TB, was carried out. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group-A included 247 patients who received ATT, while group-B included 249 patients who received ATT with cholecalciferol. RESULTS The rate of therapeutic failure among the study population was 29.4%; it was significantly lower among patients of group-B compared to those of group-A (22.1% (95% CI 14.7-26.2) vs 38.1% (95% CI 31.5-46.1), p 0.036). In addition, the rate of early therapeutic response was significantly higher among patients of group-B compared to those of group-A (35.3% (95% CI 29.6-42.3) vs 19.4% (95% CI 15.1-24.6), p 0.041). Incidence rate of adverse effects was 19.3%; it was higher (although not statistically significant) among patients of group-A compared to those of group-B (21.9% vs 16.9%). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, cholecalciferol-augmented ATT can be more efficacious in treating naïve patients with pulmonary TB compared to the standard ATT. In addition, adding vitamin D3 to ATT provides extra protection against the hepatic and muscular adverse effects of ATT.
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13
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Wang M, Kong W, He B, Li Z, Song H, Shi P, Wang J. Vitamin D and the promoter methylation of its metabolic pathway genes in association with the risk and prognosis of tuberculosis. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:118. [PMID: 30208925 PMCID: PMC6136159 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism have been reported in patients with active tuberculosis. However, intervention trials have produced inconsistent results. We hypothesized that genetic and epigenetic changes in the key genes of the vitamin D metabolic pathway may partly explain the differences between studies. Methods We performed a case-control study followed by a prospective cohort study. We recruited 122 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 118 healthy controls. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were measured. The methylation of the promoter regions of key genes in the vitamin D metabolic pathway (CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, and VDR) was detected using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The specific methylation profiles were examined as epigenetic biomarkers. The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the predictive value of the biomarkers. Results The baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the cases were significantly lower than those in the controls (51.60 ± 27.25 nmol/L vs. 117.50 ± 75.50 nmol/L, Z = − 8.515, P < 0.001; 82.63 ± 51.43 pmol/L vs. 94.02 ± 49.26 pmol/L, Z = − 2.165, P = 0.03). We sequenced 310 CpG sites in five candidate genes. After Bonferroni correction, there were 55 differentially methylated CpG sites between cases and controls; 41.5% were in the CYP27B1 gene, 31.7% were in the CYP24A1 gene, 14.7% were in the VDR gene, and 12.3% were in the CYP27A1 gene. When we designated the CpG sites that remained significant after the Bonferroni correction as the biomarkers, the area under the curve (AUC) for the cumulative methylation was 0.810 (95% CI 0.754–0.866). There was an interaction between CYP27A1 methylation level and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration associated with the risk of TB (ORinteraction = 4.11, 95% CI 1.26–13.36, P = 0.019). The serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration at the end of the intensive treatment stage was related to a patient’s prognosis (P = 0.008). There were 23 CpG sites that were individually related to the treatment outcomes, but the relationships were not significant after the Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Both serum vitamin D concentrations and the methylation levels of key genes in the vitamin D metabolic pathway are related to the risk and prognosis of tuberculosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0552-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,Department of Preventive Health Care, People's Hospital of Suzhou High-tech Zone, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Nursing, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyi Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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