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Gould JF, Cuthbert AR, Yelland LN, Gibson RA, Smithers LG, Zhou SJ, Makrides M. Association of cord blood vitamin D with child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age. J Paediatr Child Health 2024; 60:312-322. [PMID: 38847094 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM The role of fetal vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], one of the nuclear steroid transcription regulators, and brain development is unclear. We previously found a weak but persistent association between cord blood 25(OH)D and child language abilities at 18 months and 4 years of age, but no association with cognition or behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cord blood 25(OH)D and a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes in these same children at 7 years of age. METHODS Cord blood samples from 250 Australian mother-child pairs were analysed for 25(OH)D by mass spectroscopy. Children underwent tests of cognition, language, academic abilities and executive functions with a trained assessor at 7 years of age. Caregivers completed questionnaires to rate their child's behaviour and executive functioning in the home environment. Associations between standardised 25(OH)D and outcomes were assessed using regression models, taking into account possible social and demographic confounders. RESULTS Standardised 25(OH)D in cord blood was not associated with any test or parent-rated scores. Nor was there any association with the risk of having a poor test or parent-rated score. Likewise, cord blood 25(OH)D categorised as <25, 25-50 and >50 nmol/L was not associated with test scores or parent-rated scores. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that cord blood vitamin D concentration or deficiency was associated with cognition, language, academic abilities, executive functioning or behaviour at 7 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Gould
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alana R Cuthbert
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa N Yelland
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa G Smithers
- Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shao J Zhou
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhou P, Yu X, Song T, Hou X. Safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296926. [PMID: 38547138 PMCID: PMC10977718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42023382824) was carried out by using R Studio 4.2.1. RESULTS 48 studies involving 12 antioxidant drugs (resveratrol, pycnogenol, omega-3, omega-6, quercetin, phosphatidylserine, almond, vitamin D, zinc, folic acid, ginkgo biloba, Acetyl-L-carnitine) were finally included, with 3,650 patients. Network meta-analysis showed that omega-6 (0.18), vitamin D (0.19), and quercetin (0.24) were the top three safest drugs according to SUCRA. The omega-3 (SUCRA 0.35), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.36), and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.27) were the most effective in improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' parent rating scale (CPRS), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' teacher rating scale (CTRS), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), phosphatidylserine+omega-3 (SUCRA 0.26), and zinc (SUCRA 0.34) were the most effective, respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Parent, the optimal agents were phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.39), resveratrol+MPH (SUCRA 0.24), and phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.34), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Teacher, pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), vitamin D (SUCRA 0.31) and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.18) were the optimal agents, respectively. The response rate of omega-3+6 was the highest in CGI (SUCRA 0.95) and CPT (SUCRA 0.42). CONCLUSION The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary. Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution. More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Li C, Chang L, Guo MM, Wang L, Kuo H. Sex differences in vitamin D and behavioral profiles among children with allergic diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5492-5500. [PMID: 37701228 PMCID: PMC10494661 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D has a protective effect on allergic diseases, while an individual's sex may have a moderating effect on the relationship between vitamin D and allergic-related immunity. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D in children with coexisting allergic diseases in the context of sex differences and to explore the behavioral profiles of these patients. We recruited a total of 103 children with atopic diseases and divided them into four groups: males with one allergic disease (MA1, n = 20), males with two or more allergic diseases (MA2, n = 26), females with one allergic disease (FA1, n = 30), and females with two or more allergic diseases (FA2, n = 27). We measured serum calcium levels using the colorimetric method and serum 25-OH vitamin D total levels using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We found that MA2 had significantly lower vitamin D levels than MA1 and FA2. The levels of IgE were negatively correlated with vitamin D in females, whereas the levels of IgE were not significantly correlated with vitamin D in males. Furthermore, serum IgE was significantly correlated with children's adaptive skills, and different sexes were associated with different aspects of adaptive skills. Our findings suggest a protective role of vitamin D in the development of one allergic disease against the coexistence of allergic diseases in males, as well as extend the evidence for sex differences in immunity by demonstrating a sex-different correlation between IgE and vitamin D and the relationship between IgE and children's adaptive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Jung Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ling‐Sai Chang
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Mindy Ming‐Huey Guo
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ho‐Chang Kuo
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Kawasaki Disease CenterKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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Agh F, Mousavi SH, Aryaeian N, Amiri F, Jalilvand MR, Janani L, Hasani M, Sepahvand F, Zamani-Garmsiri F. Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Hemogram Derived Inflammatory Indices in Normal and High-Fat Diet Fed Male Wistar Rats. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 37351039 PMCID: PMC10284218 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_505_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological inflammatory indices are currently suggested to assess systemic inflammation. This study aims to investigate a vitamin D supplementation effect on hematological indices of inflammation in rats. Method Forty-eight middle-aged male rats were allocated into a normal diet (ND) group (10% fat) and a high-fat diet (HFD) group (60% fat). The animals were fed for 26 weeks. After this period, each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, each of 8 rats: Group (1): animals were fed the ND and HFD containing 1 IU/g vitamin D for 4 months, group (2): animals were fed the ND and HFD containing 6 IU/g vitamin D for 4 months and group (3): animals were euthanized to evaluate the HFD effect. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, white blood cell count (WBCs), platelet count, platelet crit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were measured. Results The HFD, significantly increased body weight, PCT, PDW, PLR, NLR, and MLR and significantly reduced serum vitamin D levels compared to the ND (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in food intake, MPV, PDW, and NLR after vitamin D supplementation in the ND-fed group (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in platelet count, PCT, and MLR was observed after vitamin D supplementation in HFD-fed rats (P < 0.05). Conclusions In our study, some hemogram-derived inflammatory indices were higher in the HFD-fed group, and vitamin D supplementation lowering effects on some hematological indices were seen in both ND and HFD groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Agh
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H. Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutritions, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Jalilvand
- Natural products and medicinal plants research center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatsitics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sepahvand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elmehy DA, Elmansory BM, Gamea GA, Abdelhai DI, Abd-Elsalam SM, Salamah AM, Ata DS, Mahmoud EF, Ibrahim HA, Salama AM. Parasitic infections as potential risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:82-92. [PMID: 36910322 PMCID: PMC9998788 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a mysterious neuropsychiatric alarming concern due to indefinite etiopathogenesis among children. Notably, the studies which investigated the correlation between ADHD and parasitic infections are insufficient. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the correlation between ADHD and some tissue dwelling and intestinal parasitic infections in children. The study was conducted on 200 children, including 100 children suffering from ADHD (Group I) and 100 healthy children as a control group (Group II). All caregivers fulfilled predesigned sociodemographic form and Conners parent rating scale (CPRS-48) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin level as well as relative eosinophilic count. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxocara IgG in serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was further investigated. Also, micronutrients as zinc, iron, and copper levels were measured. Schistosoma antigen was investigated in urine samples. Stool samples were subjected to direct wet smear, concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining for coccidian parasites detection. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica antigens were investigated in stool samples. Group I expressed more liability to sociodemographic risk factors, decreased levels of Hb, iron, zinc, and copper with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparison between Group I and Group II regarding the detected parasitic infections exhibited statistically significant difference except Schistosoma antigen positivity which expressed no statistical significance. The present study concluded that the parasitic infections with their consequences are potential risk factors in children with ADHD indicating that their early diagnosis and treatment may help in ADHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Elmehy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Basma M. Elmansory
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Gamea
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I. Abdelhai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer M. Salamah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El Shiekh University, Kafr El Shiekh, Egypt
| | - Dina S. Ata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Salama
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Blasco-Fontecilla H, Menéndez-García Á, Sanchez-Sanchez F, Bella-Fernández M. Lack of educational impact of video game addiction in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136671. [PMID: 37151982 PMCID: PMC10157203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of video games has become widespread worldwide. Excessive use of video games is increasingly becoming a matter of concern, particularly in patients diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Currently, internet gaming disorder (IGD) is not included within the DSM-5-chapter Disorders related to substances and addictive disorders. Methods This is a post-hoc descriptive naturalistic study comparing children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD with and without IGD. We used the 85% cut-off point of the test ADITEC-V for video game addiction to split our sample of ADHD patients into those with IGD (>=85%) and those without IGD (<85%). Results 13 (25%) out of the 51 children and adolescents with ADHD included in our study had an IGD. Patients with IGD had a first contact with internet, smartphones, and videogames at a very early age (5.67 ± 3.31, 6.33 ± 4.60, and 7.50 ± 2.61, respectively). However, only age at first contact with the internet was statistically significantly different when comparing ADHD patients with and without IGD (8.68 ± 2.71 vs. 5.67 ± 3.31, t = 3.166, df = 47, p = 0.01). Different neurodevelopmental, clinical, and neuropsychological measures converging in impulsivity is a risk factor for IGD. Unexpectedly, we found no association between IGD and poor academic achievement. Discussion Future studies may include randomized controlled trials for treating IGD, the study of social adjustment as a protective factor against developing an IGD, and the role of serious and non-serious video games in the development of an IGD, among others. Additional research is clearly needed on IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Korian, ITA Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla,
| | - Ángela Menéndez-García
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Comillas, Madrid, Spain
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. A Mini Review on the Various Facets Effecting Brain Delivery of Magnesium and Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8. [PMID: 36534337 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential cation present in the body that participates in the regulation of various vital body functions. Maintaining normal level of magnesium is essential for proper brain functions by regulating the activities of numerous neurotransmitters and their receptors. Various studies have been reported that magnesium level is found to be declined in both neurological and psychiatric diseases. Declined magnesium level in the brain initiates various cumbersome effects like excitotoxicity, altered blood-brain permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may further worsen the disease condition. Shreds of evidence from the experimental and clinical studies proved that exogenous administration of magnesium is useful for correcting disease-induced alterations in the brain. But one of the major limiting factors in the use of magnesium for treatment purposes is its poor blood-brain barrier permeability. Various approaches like the administration of its organic salts as pidolate and threonate forms, and the combination with polyethylene glycol or mannitol have been tried to improve its permeability to make magnesium as a suitable drug for different neurological disorders. These results have shown their experimental efficacy in diseased animal models, but studies regarding the safety and efficacy in human subjects are currently underway. We present a comprehensive review on the role of magnesium in the maintenance of normal functioning of the brain and various approaches for improving its BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Hemamy M, Pahlavani N, Amanollahi A, Islam SMS, McVicar J, Askari G, Malekahmadi M. The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on the mental health status of attention-deficit hyperactive children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33865361 PMCID: PMC8052751 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level of magnesium and vitamin D in people with ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on mental health in children with ADHD. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 66 children with ADHD. Participants were randomly allocated to receive both vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) plus magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements (n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8-weeks. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to evaluate children's mental health at baseline and the end of the study. RESULTS After eight weeks of intervention, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, children receiving vitamin D plus magnesium showed a significant reduction in emotional problems (p = 0.001), conduct problems (p = 0.002), peer problems (p = 0.001), prosocial score (p = 0.007), total difficulties (p = 0.001), externalizing score (p = 0.001), and internalizing score (p = 0.001) compared with children treated with the placebo. CONCLUSION Vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for a duration of 8-weeks could improve the behavioral function and mental health of children with ADHD. However, further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2016030326886N1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hemamy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Amanollahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shriful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenna McVicar
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Rosi E, Grazioli S, Villa FM, Mauri M, Gazzola E, Pozzi M, Molteni M, Nobile M. Use of Non-Pharmacological Supplementations in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061573. [PMID: 32481502 PMCID: PMC7352506 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, with environmental and biological causal influences. Pharmacological medication is the first choice in ADHD treatment; recently, many studies have concentrated on dietary supplementation approaches to address nutritional deficiencies, to which part of non-responses to medications have been imputed. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological supplementations in children or adolescents with ADHD. We reviewed 42 randomized controlled trials comprised of the following supplementation categories: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), peptides and amino acids derivatives, single micronutrients, micronutrients mix, plant extracts and herbal supplementations, and probiotics. The reviewed studies applied heterogeneous methodologies, thus making it arduous to depict a systematic overview. No clear effect on single cognitive, affective, or behavioral domain was found for any supplementation category. Studies on PUFAs and micronutrients found symptomatology improvements. Peptides and amino acids derivatives, plant extracts, herbal supplementation, and probiotics represent innovative research fields and preliminary results may be promising. In conclusion, such findings, if confirmed through future research, should represent evidence for the efficacy of dietary supplementation as a support to standard pharmacological and psychological therapies in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rosi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Filippo Maria Villa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzola
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (E.R.); (F.M.V.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
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