Prevalence of pruritic papular eruption among HIV patients: A cross-sectional study

HIV: Inflammatory dermatoses

Patients living with HIV may experience a variety of inflammatory dermatoses, ranging from exacerbations of underlying conditions to those triggered by HIV infection itself. This article presents a current literature review on the etiology, diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, eosinophilic folliculitis, pruritic papular eruption and pruritus, in patients living with HIV.

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.

Association of dermatological manifestations with CD4 count among people living with HIV attending tertiary care hospital of South Gujarat

Introduction

Dermatological manifestations are common manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, seen in 80% to 95% of HIV-infected patients. Dermatological manifestations are considered clinical indicators to predict and assess the underlying immune status.

Aim

This study aims to document the dermatological manifestations in relation to CD4 count in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Materials and Methods

Cross-sectional study in 250 PLHIV fulfilling inclusion-exclusion criteria was conducted. Variables including sociodemographic profile, recent CD4 count (data from antiretroviral therapy center), and dermatological manifestation (physical examination) were collected. Clinical diagnosis was established, and patients were grouped according to the World Health Organization immunological staging.

Results

Majority of PLHIV (39.6%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Males were affected more than females (1.6:1). A total of 364 dermatoses were observed; dermatological manifestation per patient ranged from 1 to 4. 32.80%. PLHIV had CD4 count >500 cells/mm3, 15.60% had CD4 count between 200-349 cells/mm3. Majority of dermatosis had infectious etiology (77.6%), out of which dermatophytosis (27.2%) was the most common infectious condition, whereas pruritic papular eruption was the most common (11.6%) noninfectious condition. A statistically significant association of CD4 count was found with dermatophytosis (P ≤ 0.001) and candidiasis (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The study showed a significant association between the number of dermatological manifestation and CD4 count as majority of study participants (67.2%) had CD4 <500 cells/mm3 at the time of episode of dermatosis.