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Sutaria A, Rawlani S, Sutaria AH. Causes and Management of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55318. [PMID: 38562325 PMCID: PMC10982164 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are one of the most broadly studied and rigorously researched conditions in recent dermatological advancements. Also termed as "toxidermia," they are heavily involved and are of utmost importance to be understood and studied in the modern healthcare industry. In simple terms, they are dermatological manifestations which result from systemic drug administration to patients. Since allopathy is influenced by the medicines and drugs provided to the patients, cutaneous skin eruptions are a common occurrence in recent times. It is a need of the hour to understand the causative factors for such skin eruptions and the correct management and handling of such disorders to provide better healthcare to patients. The withdrawal of the causative drug which induces the reaction plays a key role in treatment. The risk factors are to be thoroughly studied, and dosages must be in accordance with the patient's situation. They are some of the common public health problems. The age group which is affected is highly variable as people from all age groups can be affected. Those who are affected comprise approximately 10% of all hospitalized patients, and it is also observed in about 1-4% of people who are on multiple medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsh Sutaria
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Shobha Rawlani
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Amita H Sutaria
- Dermatology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
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Oliveira Souza Lima SR, Elamin AE, Al Balushi H, Shahzad K, Baluch SK, Khan FA, Shehryar A, Rehman A, Batu BJ, Ayalew BD, Abdullah Yahya N, Grezenko H. Intersecting Realms of Skin and Neurology in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review of Dermatological and Neurological Manifestations and Their Impact on Long-Term Prognosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53142. [PMID: 38420059 PMCID: PMC10901037 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by diverse manifestations, notably in dermatological and neurological domains. This review aims to synthesize the current understanding of these manifestations and their impact on long-term prognosis. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, focusing on studies exploring SLE's dermatological and neurological aspects. Selected studies were analyzed to understand their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and impact on prognosis. Six pivotal studies were reviewed, highlighting the severity of neuropsychiatric SLE, the progression of skin diseases, and their systemic implications. Notably, studies underscored the role of high disease activity and specific antibodies in the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the progression of cutaneous manifestations. The review emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach to managing SLE, considering the interplay between its dermatological and neurological manifestations. It suggests that tailored treatment strategies, early detection, and comprehensive care are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This synthesis provides a foundation for future research to develop integrated care protocols and advance patient care in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khalid Shahzad
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Shariq K Baluch
- Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MEX
| | - Faraz A Khan
- Pediatrics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, IND
| | | | | | - Biniyam J Batu
- General Practice, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | - Biruk D Ayalew
- Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | | | - Han Grezenko
- Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA
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Hirayama A, Nobeyama Y, Asahina A. Relationships between severities of dermatological, neurological, and bone manifestations in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1647-1649. [PMID: 37830394 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Hirayama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Alzahrani AYB, Alghamdi LSA, Alghamdi FA. Identification of a Novel Interferon-Stimulated (ISG15) Gene Variant Associated With Inflammatory Cutaneous Lesions and Zinc Deficiency in a Unique Family: A Case Series and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50701. [PMID: 38234945 PMCID: PMC10792350 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a pivotal protein involved in antiviral defense and immune regulation. This study presents a remarkable case series of a consanguineous family with a homozygous variant in the ISG15 gene, leading to a complex interplay of intriguing dermatological manifestations and concurrent zinc deficiency. The range of cutaneous phenotypes observed in the family members, from severe ulcerative lesions to atopic dermatitis, highlights the intricate relationship between the identified genetic variant and dermatological conditions. Furthermore, zinc deficiency adds another layer of complexity to the understanding of these conditions. Comprehensive assessments of zinc levels were conducted for three siblings, while the fourth sibling's evaluation was impeded. This extraordinary case series offers a unique opportunity for scientific exploration, shedding light on complex genetic disorders and potentially paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in medical science. The convergence of familial genetics, the homozygous ISG15 variant, and the captivating spectrum of cutaneous manifestations hold promise for advancing our understanding of these conditions and their underlying mechanisms.
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Rodriguez-Buritica D, Mones M, Prakash SK, Rivera M, Aldrich M, Rogge M, Richardson K. Dermatological concerns for women and girls with turner syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1235187. [PMID: 37780576 PMCID: PMC10533914 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1235187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with distinct manifestations in women and girls including short stature, cardiac abnormalities, premature ovarian failure as well as dermatological features, including lymphedema, keloids, onychodystrophy, and acne. Although many dermatological concerns present during the first few decades of life, the overwhelming majority of respondents are not provided with dermatology referrals at diagnosis. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized an author designed survey to assess self-reported dermatological manifestations, dermatology referral experience, common therapies for select dermatological conditions, as well as a validated 10-question Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) to assess quality-of-life impact in women and girls with Turner syndrome. Results In our cohort, 64% (n = 149) had been referred to a dermatologist at some point in their life time. The majority of individuals self-identified their dermatological concern (79.6%) and were referred after a dermatological concern had already occurred (90.2%). The most common dermatological findings reported were xerosis cutis (78.7%), lymphedema (73%), and more than 20 acquired melanocytic nevi (70%). The overall mean DLQI score was 3.52, indicative of a small effect on the patient's life. Onychodystrophy, history of skin biopsy, and lymphedema were statistically significant to have a higher impact on quality of life. Discussion Our data reveal that skin conditions are highly prevalent in the TS population during the early decades of life and affirm utilizing these conditions in the TS diagnostic process, as well as emphasize the need for specialized dermatology referrals to address the detrimental impacts related to skin concerns on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez-Buritica
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meaghan Mones
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Siddharth K. Prakash
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michelle Rivera
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa Aldrich
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Megan Rogge
- Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kate Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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Parmar BV, Purohit N, Patel Y. Association of dermatological manifestations with CD4 count among people living with HIV attending tertiary care hospital of South Gujarat. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2023; 44:147-151. [PMID: 38223138 PMCID: PMC10785117 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_24_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dermatological manifestations are common manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, seen in 80% to 95% of HIV-infected patients. Dermatological manifestations are considered clinical indicators to predict and assess the underlying immune status. Aim This study aims to document the dermatological manifestations in relation to CD4 count in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study in 250 PLHIV fulfilling inclusion-exclusion criteria was conducted. Variables including sociodemographic profile, recent CD4 count (data from antiretroviral therapy center), and dermatological manifestation (physical examination) were collected. Clinical diagnosis was established, and patients were grouped according to the World Health Organization immunological staging. Results Majority of PLHIV (39.6%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Males were affected more than females (1.6:1). A total of 364 dermatoses were observed; dermatological manifestation per patient ranged from 1 to 4. 32.80%. PLHIV had CD4 count >500 cells/mm3, 15.60% had CD4 count between 200-349 cells/mm3. Majority of dermatosis had infectious etiology (77.6%), out of which dermatophytosis (27.2%) was the most common infectious condition, whereas pruritic papular eruption was the most common (11.6%) noninfectious condition. A statistically significant association of CD4 count was found with dermatophytosis (P ≤ 0.001) and candidiasis (P = 0.001). Conclusion The study showed a significant association between the number of dermatological manifestation and CD4 count as majority of study participants (67.2%) had CD4 <500 cells/mm3 at the time of episode of dermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Vinubhai Parmar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Neha Purohit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, SBKS Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Yogesh Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Antonelli E, Bassotti G, Tramontana M, Hansel K, Stingeni L, Ardizzone S, Genovese G, Marzano AV, Maconi G. Dermatological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020364. [PMID: 33477990 PMCID: PMC7835974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations. Among these, mucocutaneous manifestations are relatively frequent, often difficult to diagnose and treat, and may complicate the course of the underlying disease. In the present review, a summary of the most relevant literature on the dermatologic manifestations occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been reviewed. The following dermatological manifestations associated with IBDs have been identified: (i) specific manifestations with the same histological features of the underlying IBD (occurring only in Crohn's disease); (ii) cutaneous disorders associated with IBDs (such as aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita); (iii) reactive mucocutaneous manifestations of IBDs (such as pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, aseptic abscess ulcers, pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans, etc.); (iv) mucocutaneous conditions secondary to treatment (including injection site reactions, infusion reactions, paradoxical reactions, eczematous and psoriasis-like reactions, cutaneous infections, and cutaneous malignancies); (v) manifestations due to nutritional malabsorption (such as stomatitis, glossitis, angular cheilitis, pellagra, scurvy, purpura, acrodermatitis enteropathica, phrynoderma, seborrheic-type dermatitis, hair and nail abnormalities). An accurate dermatological examination is essential in all IBD patients, especially in candidates to biologic therapies, in whom drug-induced cutaneous reactions may assume marked clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology Section, Perugia General Hospital, 06156 Perugia, Italy;
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Tramontana
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Katharina Hansel
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Sandro Ardizzone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “L.Sacco” Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.G.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.G.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “L.Sacco” Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
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Abstract
Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis is a rare extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, both seropositive and seronegative for rheumatoid factor. The condition most often presents as symmetric erythematous papules, nodules, plaques, and urticaria-like lesions in patients with severe, long-lasting rheumatoid arthritis. We report a case of a 65-year-old man with well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis, who developed rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis on the right lower leg. The biopsy of skin lesions revealed an intense, neutrophilic dermal infiltrate, microabscesses, and leukocytoclasis without vasculitis. The patient responded well to pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone. We present this patient due to the rarity of the disease and atypical unilateral manifestation involving the flexural surfaces of the lower leg.
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Huang H, Deb A, Culbertson C, Morgenshtern K, DePold Hohler A. Dermatological Manifestations of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Are Common and Diverse. J Clin Neurol 2015; 12:75-8. [PMID: 26610893 PMCID: PMC4712289 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a syndrome of orthostatic intolerance in the setting of excessive tachycardia with orthostatic challenge, and these symptoms are relieved when recumbent. Apart from symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, there are many other comorbid conditions such as chronic headache, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, and sleep disturbances. Dermatological manifestations of POTS are also common and range widely from livedo reticularis to Raynaud's phenomenon. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 26 patients with POTS who presented to the neurology clinic. They were asked to report on various characteristics of dermatological symptoms, with their answers recorded on a Likert rating scale. Symptoms were considered positive if patients answered with "strongly agree" or "agree", and negative if they answered with "neutral", "strongly disagree", or "disagree". Results The most commonly reported symptom was rash (77%). Raynaud's phenomenon was reported by over half of the patients, and about a quarter of patients reported livedo reticularis. The rash was most commonly found on the arms, legs, and trunk. Some patients reported that the rash could spread, and was likely to be pruritic or painful. Very few reported worsening of symptoms on standing. Conclusions The results suggest that dermatological manifestations in POTS vary but are highly prevalent, and are therefore of important diagnostic and therapeutic significance for physicians and patients alike to gain a better understanding thereof. Further research exploring the underlying pathophysiology, incidence, and treatment strategies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anindita Deb
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna DePold Hohler
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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