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Santos SAAR, Damasceno MDBMV, Sessle BJ, Vieira-Neto AE, de Oliveira Leite G, Magalhães FEA, Tavares KCS, Benevides SC, Campos AR. Sex differences in the orofacial antinociceptive effect of metformin and the role of transient receptor potential channels. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03475-z. [PMID: 39356320 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is classified as a biguanide and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is used worldwide and has been investigated in drug repositioning. The present study aims to investigate whether there is sexual dimorphism in the orofacial antinociceptive effect of metformin and the participation of TRP channels. Acute nociceptive behavior was induced by administering cinnamaldehyde or capsaicin to the upper lip. Nociceptive behavior was assessed through orofacial rubbing, and the effects of pre-treatment with metformin (125 or 250 mg/Kg) or vehicle (control) were tested on the behavior. Nociceptive behavior was also induced by formalin injected into the temporomandibular joint. The chronic pain model involved infraorbital nerve transection (IONX) was evaluated using Von Frey electronic filaments. Trpv1 gene expression was analyzed in the nerve ganglion. Docking experiments were performed. Metformin, but not the vehicle, produced antinociception (p < 0.0001) in all acute nociceptive behaviors in both sexes, and these effects were attenuated by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine and the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. In IONX with better (**p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 vs. control) results in females. TRPV1 gene expression was observed in the metformin treated group (*p < 0.05 vs. control). Docking experiments revealed that metformin may interact with TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels. Metformin promotes orofacial antinociception in both sexes in acute pain and is more effective in chronic pain in females than in males, through the modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels. These preclinical findings suggest a potential repositioning of metformin as an analgesic agent in acute and chronic orofacial pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry John Sessle
- Department of Physiology and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Universidade de Fortaleza Núcleo de Biologia Experimental, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Zhou F, Qian HY, Wang K, Gu YJ, Liu PL, Zhang L, Chen L, Song Y, Chen YN, Zhang HL. Metformin relieves bone cancer pain by reducing TGFβRI-TRPV1 signaling in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34991. [PMID: 39157315 PMCID: PMC11328085 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Common cancer complications include bone cancer pain (BCP), which was not sufficiently alleviated by traditional analgesics. More safe and effective therapy was urgent needed. Metformin relieved osteoarthritis pain, but the analgesia of Metformin in BCP was not well studied. The study aimed to explore the Metformin-mediated analgesic effect and its molecular mechanisms in BCP rats. We demonstrated that Walker 256 cell transplantation into the medullary cavity of the tibia worsened mechanical allodynia in BCP rats, increased the expression of TGFβ1 in the metastatic bone tissue, and raised the expression of TGFβRI and TRPV1 in the L4-6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of BCP rats. While, selectively blockade of TGFβRI by SD208 could obviously elevated the paw withdraw threshold (PWT) of BCP rats, together with decreased TRPV1 expression in L4-6 DRG. Notably, continuous Metformin treatment reduced TGFβ1, TGFβRI and TRPV1 expression, and relieved mechanical allodynia of BCP rats in a long-term effect. In conclusion, these results illustrated that Metformin ameliorated bone cancer pain, and the downregulation of TGFβ1-TGFβRI-TRPV1 might be a potential mechanism of Metformin-mediated analgesia in BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - He-Ya Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pain, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Yong-Juan Gu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Pei-Lin Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Genc S, Cicek B, Yeni Y, Kuzucu M, Hacimuftuoglu A, Bolat I, Yildirim S, Zaker H, Zachariou A, Sofikitis N, Mamoulakis C, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A. Morinda citrifolia protective effects on paclitaxel-induced testis parenchyma toxicity: An experimental study. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 127:108611. [PMID: 38782144 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of male testis parenchyma cells to chemotherapy agents and the protective effects and mechanisms of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) administration against structural and functional changes before and after chemotherapy (Paclitaxel (PTX)). For this purpose, rats were randomly assigned into four groups (Control = G1, PTX 5 mg/kg = G2; PTX + Noni 10 mg/kg = G3, PTX + Noni 20 mg/kg = G4). PTX was injected intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive weeks, at a dose of 5 mg/kg to all groups except the control group. Then noni was administrated in 10 (G3) and 20 (G4) mg/kg groups orally (gavage) for 14 days. Biochemical analyses, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. According to our results, Total Oxidative Stress (TOS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in the PTX group (P < 0.01). Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels were decreased (P < 0.01). The changes in the rats treated with PTX + Noni 20 mg/kg were noteworthy. The increased levels of IL1-β (Interleukin 1 beta) and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) with PTX were down-regulated after treatment with PTX + Noni 20 mg/kg (P < 0.01) (9 % and 5 % respectively). In addition, Noni restored the testicular histopathological structure by reducing caspase-3 expression and significantly (61 %) suppressed oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis (by regulating the Bax (bcl-2-like protein 4)/Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma gene-2) ratio). In conclusion, Noni reduced cellular apoptosis and drastically changed Caspase 8 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, it considerably decreases oxidative damage and can be used in testicular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika Genc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
| | - Betul Cicek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kuzucu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Himasadat Zaker
- Histology and Microscopic Analysis division, RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey.
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Bacalhau C, Costa-Pereira JT, Tavares I. Preclinical research in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264668. [PMID: 38188718 PMCID: PMC10766764 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common consequence of cancer treatment and pain is a frequent complaint of the patients. Paclitaxel, a cytostatic drug, generates a well-described peripheral nerve injury and neuroinflammation, which may be experimentally mimicked in animal models. We conducted a systematic review analyzing the experimental design, reporting and mechanisms underlying paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in the included studies to establish the perspectives of translation of the current literature in models of CIPN. Methods We elected studies published in Pubmed and Scopus between 1 January 2018 and 3 December 2022. Results According to a defined mesh of keywords searched, and after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 70 original studies were included and analyzed in detail. Most studies used male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce paclitaxel-induced neuropathy, used low doses of paclitaxel, and the analyzed studies mainly focused at 14-28 days of CIPN. Mechanical nociceptive tests were preferred in the behavioral evaluation. The mechanisms under study were mainly neuroinflammation of peripheral nerves. The overall methodological quality was considered moderate, and the risk of bias was unclear. Discussion Despite the ample preclinical research in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy, this systematic review alerts to some flaws in the experimental design along with limitations in reporting, e.g., lack of representation of both sexes in experimental work and the lack of reporting of the ARRIVE guidelines. This may limit the reproducibility of preclinical studies in CIPN. In addition, the clinical features of CIPN should be considered when designing animal experiments, such as sex and age of the CIPN patients. In this way the experimental studies aiming to establish the mechanisms of CIPN may allow the development of new drugs to treat CIPN and translation in the research of CIPN could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bacalhau
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Tiago Costa-Pereira
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Serageldin MA, Kassem AB, El-Kerm Y, Helmy MW, El-Mas MM, El-Bassiouny NA. The Effect of Metformin on Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicities in Non-diabetic Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study. Drug Saf 2023; 46:587-599. [PMID: 37131014 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-023-01305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer patients treated with adriamycin-cyclophosphamide plus paclitaxel (AC-T) are often challenged with serious adverse effects for which no effective therapies are available. Here, we investigated whether metformin, an antidiabetic drug with additional pleiotropic effects could favourably offset AC-T induced toxicities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy non-diabetic breast cancer patients were randomised to receive either AC-T (adriamycin 60 mg/m2 + cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 × 4 cycles Q21 days, followed by weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 × 12 cycles) alone or AC-T plus metformin (1700 mg/day). Patients were assessed regularly after each cycle to record the incidence and severity of adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 5.0. Moreover, baseline echocardiography and ultrasonography were done and repeated after the end of neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS Addition of metformin to AC-T resulted in significantly less incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy, oral mucositis, and fatigue (p < 0.05) compared to control arm. Moreover, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) in the control arm dropped from a mean of 66.69 ± 4.57 to 62.2 ± 5.22% (p = 0.0004) versus a preserved cardiac function in the metformin arm (64.87 ± 4.84 to 65.94 ± 3.44%, p = 0.2667). Furthermore, fatty liver incidence was significantly lower in metformin compared with control arm (8.33% vs 51.85%, p = 0.001). By contrast, haematological disturbances caused by AC-T were preserved after concurrent metformin administration (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Metformin offers a therapeutic opportunity for controlling toxicities caused by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-diabetic breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This randomised controlled trial was registered on November 20, 2019 in ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number: NCT04170465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Serageldin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amira B Kassem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Kerm
- Oncology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Noha A El-Bassiouny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Wei J, Wei Y, Huang M, Wang P, Jia S. Is metformin a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy? J Diabetes 2022; 14:658-669. [PMID: 36117320 PMCID: PMC9574743 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has been proven to have analgesic and neuroprotective effects. Metformin can reverse pain in rodents, such as diabetic neuropathic pain, neuropathic pain caused by chemotherapy drugs, inflammatory pain and pain caused by surgical incision. In clinical use, however, metformin is associated with reduced plasma vitamin B12 levels, which can further neuropathy. In rodent diabetes models, metformin plays a neuroprotective and analgesic role by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, clearing methylgloxal, reducing insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. This paper also summarized the neurological adverse reactions of metformin in diabetic patients. In addition, whether metformin has sexual dimorphism needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juechun Wei
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yanling Wei
- Qingdao Dongheng Zhiyuan Automobile Service Co. LTDQingdaoChina
| | - Meiyan Huang
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Peng Wang
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Shushan Jia
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
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Qian HY, Zhou F, Wu R, Cao XJ, Zhu T, Yuan HD, Chen YN, Zhang PA. Metformin Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain by Reducing TRPV1 and ASIC3 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713944. [PMID: 34421611 PMCID: PMC8371459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common pathologic pain associated with destruction of bone and pathological reconstruction of nervous system. Current treatment strategies in clinical is inadequate and have unacceptable side effects due to the unclear pathology mechanism. In the present study, we showed that transplantation of Walker 256 cells aggravated mechanical allodynia of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham), and the expression of ASIC3 (Acid-sensitive ion channel 3) and TRPV1 was obviously enhanced in L4-6 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham). ASIC3 and TRPV1 was mainly expressed in CGRP and IB4 positive neurons of L4-6 DRGs. While, TRPV1 but not ASIC3 was markedly upregulated in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of BCP rats (**p < 0.01 vs. Sham). Importantly, intrathecal injection of CPZ (a TRPV1 inhibitor) or Amiloride (an ASICs antagonist) markedly increased the paw withdraw threshold (PWT) of BCP rats response to Von Frey filaments (**p < 0.01 vs. BCP + NS). What’s more, intraperitoneally injection of Metformin or Vinorelbine markedly elevated the PWT of BCP rats, but reduced the expression of TRPV1 and ASIC3 in L4-6 DRGs and decreased the TRPV1 expression in SDH (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. BCP + NS). Collectively, these results suggest an effective analgesic effect of Metformin on mechanical allodynia of BCP rats, which may be mediated by the downregulation of ASIC3 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ya Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Hao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Koo BK. Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53). Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:125-126. [PMID: 33508909 PMCID: PMC7850877 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Bo Kyung Koo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-2656 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea E-mail:
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9
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Kim SH, Park TS, Jin HY. Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53). Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:127-128. [PMID: 33508910 PMCID: PMC7850881 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Heung Yong Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-2092 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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