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Duan H, Wang D, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Yan W. The powerful antioxidant effects of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves help to improve retinal damage and support the relief of visual fatigue. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34299. [PMID: 39113954 PMCID: PMC11305225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the popularization of electronic products, visual fatigue is inevitably frequent. The causes of visual fatigue are varied, but from the perspective of physiological mechanisms, it is mainly closely related to retinal function or structural damage, especially the light source from various mobile devices and office equipments nowadays, which induces oxidative stress damage in the retina and exacerbates the degree of visual fatigue, resulting in the inability to use the eyes for a long period of time, pain in the eyes and periorbital area, blurred vision, dry eyes, tearing, and other discomforts. Food ingredients derived from natural plants have greater application in relieving visual fatigue. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed compilation of six plants that are widely used for their visual fatigue-relieving function, in the hope of providing more raw material choices for the development of products with visual fatigue-relieving functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxi Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
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Alamri A, Alamri MM, Rashid FA, Alawashiz AS, Alqahtani FH, Alyami AA, Almathami LA, Alwabel RA, Alqarni EM, Alqahtani AM, Almoghamer H, Alahmari AA. Association Between Digital Device Utilization and Asthenopia Among Medical Students at King Khalid University. Cureus 2023; 15:e45621. [PMID: 37868585 PMCID: PMC10588907 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital eye strain has become a serious concern due to the exponential increase in the usage of digital devices in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of digital eye strain among medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month, from 15th June to 15th July 2023, among undergraduate medical students at King Khalid University, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire that was circulated through social media platforms (Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp). Results A total of 300 students were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of ocular problems, in descending order, was as follows: asthenopia had the highest prevalence at 30.5% (94), followed by conjunctivitis at 9.4% (29); squint, glaucoma, and cataract had lower prevalence rates of 3.9% (12), 1.6% (5), and 1.6% (5), respectively. The majority of participants used digital devices for fun (92.9% (286)) and study (95.5% (294)). Significant positive correlations were found between asthenopia and the hours spent on digital devices for studying (r = 0.161, p = 0.005), communication (r = 0.146, p = 0.011), and entertainment (r = 0.206, p < 0.001). Conclusions A substantial number of medical students are experiencing asthenopia. Prolonged usage of these devices is linked to a higher prevalence of asthenopia.
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Wolffsohn JS, Lingham G, Downie LE, Huntjens B, Inomata T, Jivraj S, Kobia-Acquah E, Muntz A, Mohamed-Noriega K, Plainis S, Read M, Sayegh RR, Singh S, Utheim TP, Craig JP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of the digital environment on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:213-252. [PMID: 37062428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eye strain when performing tasks reliant on a digital environment can cause discomfort, affecting productivity and quality of life. Digital eye strain (the preferred terminology) was defined as "the development or exacerbation of recurrent ocular symptoms and/or signs related specifically to digital device screen viewing". Digital eye strain prevalence of up to 97% has been reported, due to no previously agreed definition/diagnostic criteria and limitations of current questionnaires which fail to differentiate such symptoms from those arising from non-digital tasks. Objective signs such as blink rate or critical flicker frequency changes are not 'diagnostic' of digital eye strain nor validated as sensitive. The mechanisms attributed to ocular surface disease exacerbation are mainly reduced blink rate and completeness, partial/uncorrected refractive error and/or underlying binocular vision anomalies, together with the cognitive demand of the task and differences in position, size, brightness and glare compared to an equivalent non-digital task. In general, interventions are not well established; patients experiencing digital eye strain should be provided with a full refractive correction for the appropriate working distances. Improving blinking, optimizing the work environment and encouraging regular breaks may help. Based on current, best evidence, blue-light blocking interventions do not appear to be an effective management strategy. More and larger clinical trials are needed to assess artificial tear effectiveness for relieving digital eye strain, particularly comparing different constituents; a systematic review within the report identified use of secretagogues and warm compress/humidity goggles/ambient humidifiers as promising strategies, along with nutritional supplementation (such as omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and berry extracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Byki Huntjens
- Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saleel Jivraj
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alex Muntz
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karim Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - Sotiris Plainis
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Laboratory of Optics and Vision, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Read
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rony R Sayegh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pinho T, Gonçalves S, Rocha D, Martins ML. Scissor Bite in Growing Patients: Case Report Treated with Clear Aligners. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10040624. [PMID: 37189873 DOI: 10.3390/children10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scissor bite (SB.) is a rare malocclusion that is challenging to diagnose and is often associated with a retrognathic mandible and a series of functional and structural abnormalities that negatively affect the patient. This article intends to analyze the treatment approaches applied to growing patients younger than 16 years old, comparing the conventional appliances described in the literature and a clinical case treated with clear aligners with mandibular advancement (MA.). SB is primarily related to skeletal Class I and II, according to Angle classification. In the various cases analyzed, it can also be mentioned as a significant number of cases with SB of dental origin (seven of dental and four of skeletal) in young patients. In children and adolescents who still have growth potential, the therapeutic possibilities are numerous. A comprehensive literature search was manually performed from 2002 until January 2023, in PubMed and BVS databases with the following conjugated keywords: “scissor bite OR brodie bite” AND “malocclusion” AND “treatment OR correction OR therapeutics”. The present case report on a young patient demonstrated the efficiency of the clear aligners with MA to correct an SB, associated with several functional and structural anomalies such as Class II division 1 with an increased overjet and overbite as well as a severe curve of Spee in a hypodivergent biotype.
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Huyhua-Gutierrez SC, Zeladita-Huaman JA, Díaz-Manchay RJ, Dominguez-Palacios AB, Zegarra-Chapoñan R, Rivas-Souza MA, Tejada-Muñoz S. Digital Eye Strain among Peruvian Nursing Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5067. [PMID: 36981976 PMCID: PMC10048894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been a high prevalence of digital eye strain (DES) among students who have received distance-learning lessons due to COVID-19. However, in low- and middle-income countries, there are few studies that have analyzed its associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DES and its associated factors among nursing students during COVID-19 distance learning. This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted between May and June 2021 in six Peruvian universities. The sample comprised 796 nursing students. DES was measured using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). A bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. DES was found in 87.6% of nursing students. Sitting upright (OR, 0.47; 95% IC, 0.30-0.74), using electronic devices for more than four hours a day (OR, 1.73; 95% IC, 1.02-2.86), not following the 20-20-20 rule (OR, 2.60; 95% IC, 1.25-5.20), having the screen brightness very high (OR, 3.36; 95% IC, 1.23-11.8), and not wearing glasses (OR, 0.59; 95% IC, 0.37-0.93) are factors associated with DES. The prevalence of DES among nursing students is high. Improving the ergonomics of study environments, reducing the time of exposure to electronic devices, adjusting the screen brightness, and taking eye-care measures are key to controlling computer vision syndrome in virtual learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Celedonia Huyhua-Gutierrez
- Academic Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | | | - Rosa Jeuna Díaz-Manchay
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Lambayeque 14001, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Tejada-Muñoz
- Academic Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
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Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1801. [PMID: 36720986 PMCID: PMC9888747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern, less emphasis is given to them, particularly in developing countries. There are primary studies on different continents; however, there are inconsistent findings in prevalence among the primary studies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome. In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve published and unpublished studies. The study was conducted from December 1 to April 9/2022. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2. STATA 14 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 7,35 studies were retrieved, and 45 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95% CI: 59, 74). Subgroup analysis based on country was highest in Pakistan (97%, 95% CI: 96, 98) and lowest in Japan (12%, 95% CI: 9, 15). Subgroup analysis based on country showed that studies in Saudi Arabia (I2 = 99.41%, p value < 0.001), Ethiopia (I2 = 72.6%, p value < 0.001), and India (I2 = 98.04%, p value < 0.001) had significant heterogeneity. In the sensitivity analysis, no single study unduly influenced the overall effect estimate. Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Thus, preventive practice strategic activities for computer vision syndrome are important interventions.
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Improving Visual Comfort during Computer Gaming with Preservative-Free Hyaluronic Acid Artificial Tears Added to Ergophthalmological Measures. VISION (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 7:vision7010005. [PMID: 36649052 PMCID: PMC9844297 DOI: 10.3390/vision7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Digital asthenopia (DA) or Computer Vision Syndrome can occur after prolonged use of digital devices and is usually managed with ergophthalmological measures and the use of artificial tears. This prospective, controlled study evaluated the use of hyaluronic acid artificial tears on the signs and symptoms of DA in participants of a videogame convention. Subjects (n = 56) were randomized into a control group (CG, n = 26), which followed ergophthalmological measures, and a study group (SG, n = 30), which followed ergophthalmological measures and instilled 1 drop of artificial tears with hyaluronic acid 0.15% four times a day. Subjects were evaluated before and after playing for three consecutive days for eye dryness (SPEED questionnaire), conjunctival hyperemia, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining, tear breakup time, Schirmer I test, near convergence and accommodation, and using questionnaires for DA symptoms. After 3 days of intense videogaming, the SPEED score of CG increased significantly (p = 0.0320), while for the SG it was unchanged. Similarly, the CG presented significant increases in ocular fatigue (p = 0.0173) and dryness (p = 0.0463), while these parameters decreased significantly in the SG (p = 0.0149 and p = 0.00427, respectively). This study confirms the protective effect of hyaluronic acid artificial tears against DA symptoms associated with prolonged visual display terminal use.
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Chen Y, Ma T, Ye Z, Li Z. Effect of illuminance and colour temperature of LED lighting on asthenopia during reading. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:73-82. [PMID: 36181399 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A self-controlled study to determine the influence of illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting on asthenopia. METHODS Twenty-two healthy postgraduates (nine women) were recruited to read under eight LED lighting conditions with four illuminances (300 lx, 500 lx, 750 lx and 1000 lx) and four CCTs (2700, 4000, 5000 and 6500 K) for 2 h. A subjective asthenopia questionnaire, the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and an inflammatory cytokine assay were used to assess the levels of asthenopia. RESULTS Increased asthenopia was observed after reading, but the degree varied with lighting conditions. There were significant differences among the groups in terms of subjective symptoms (inattention, eye pain, dry eye and total score), optical performance parameters (modulation transfer function [MTF] cut-off frequency, Strehl ratio [SR], objective scattering index [OSI], mean OSI and accommodative amplitude [AA]) as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tears (epidermal growth factor [EGF], transforming growth factor [TGF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, TNF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A). All of the subjective and objective measurements collectively suggested that asthenopia was lessened for the 500 lx-4000 K condition. However, asthenopia was significantly worse for 300 lx-2700 K and 1000 lx-6500 K in terms of subjective symptoms and objective optical performance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LED illuminance and CCT do have a significant effect on asthenopia during reading. 500 lx-4000 K lighting resulted in the lowest level of asthenopia. Conversely, low illuminance at low CCT (300 lx-2700 K) and high illuminance at high CCT (1000 lx-6500 K) promoted more severe asthenopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lema AK, Anbesu EW. Computer vision syndrome and its determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221142402. [PMCID: PMC9743027 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221142402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern. Inconsistent findings existed on computer vision syndrome. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome and identify its determinants. Methods: In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve studies from 1 December to 9 April 2022. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the JBI-MAStARI. RevMan and STATA 14 software were used for statistical analysis. Result: A total of 725 studies were retrieved, and 49 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95%, Confidence interval: 59, 74). Being female (Odd Ratio = 1.74, 95% Confidence interval [1.2, 2.53]), improper body posturing while using electronic devices (Odd Ratio = 2.65, 95% Confidence interval [1.7, 4.12]), use of electronic devices out of work (Odd Ratio = 1.66, 95% CI [1.15, 2.39]), no habit of taking breaks (Odd Ratio = 2.24, 95% Confidence interval [1.13, 4.44]), long duration of visual display terminal use (Odd Ratio = 2.02, 95% Confidence interval [1.08, 3.77]), short distance screen (Odd Ratio = 4.24, 95% Confidence interval [2.33, 7.71]), and general ergonomic practice (Odd Ratio = 3.87, 95% Confidence interval [2.18, 6.86]) were associated with increased odds of computer vision syndrome. However, good knowledge (Odd Ratio = 4.04, 95% Confidence interval [2.75, 5.94]) of computer vision syndrome was associated with decreased odds of computer vision syndrome. Conclusion: Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Being female, improper body posturing, use of electronics devices out of work, no habit of taking a break, long-hour duration of visual display terminal use, short-distance screen, and general ergonomic practice were associated with increased odds of computer vision syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamene Kelelom Lema
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Technology, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Woldu Anbesu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia,Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, 132, Semera, Afar region, Ethiopia.
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Almalki AM, Alblowi M, Aldosari AM, Khandekar R, Al-Swailem SA. Population perceived eye strain due to digital devices usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1935-1943. [PMID: 36471221 PMCID: PMC9734945 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. METHODS This web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS. RESULTS The study sample was comprised of 2009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 h daily, the main reasons for use were work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents, respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the '20-20 rule for using digital devices' was 9.4% and 6.9, respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P < 0.05)). CONCLUSION The Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices. Trial registration ID None applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq M. Almalki
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alblowi
- Optometry Division, Medical Staff Department, King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat M. Aldosari
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samar A. Al-Swailem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Correlation between Eye Movements and Asthenopia: A Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237043. [PMID: 36498619 PMCID: PMC9739550 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the correlation between eye movements and asthenopia so as to explore the possibility of using eye-tracking techniques for objective assessment of asthenopia. Methods: This prospective observational study used the computer visual syndrome questionnaire to assess the severity of asthenopia in 93 enrolled college students (age 20−30) who complained about asthenopia. Binocular accommodation and eye movements during the reading task were also examined. The correlations between questionnaire score and accommodation examination results and eye movement parameters were analyzed. Differences in eye movement parameters between the first and last reading paragraphs were compared. The trends in eye movement changes over time were observed. Results: About 81.7% of the subjects suffered from computer visual syndrome. Computer visual syndrome questionnaire total score was positively correlated with positive relative accommodation (p < 0.05). In the first reading paragraph, double vision was positively correlated with unknown saccades (all p < 0.05). Difficulty focusing at close range was positively correlated with total fixation duration, total visit duration, and reading speed (all p < 0.05). Feeling that sight was worsening was positively correlated with regressive saccades (p < 0.05). However, visual impairment symptoms were not significantly correlated with any accommodative function. In a total 20 min reading, significantly reduced eye movement parameters were: total fixation duration, fixation count, total visit duration, visit count, fixation duration mean, and reading speed (all p < 0.01). The eye movement parameters that were significantly increased were: visit duration mean and unknown saccades (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Eye tracking could be used as an effective assessment for asthenopia. Among the various eye movement parameters, a decrease in fixation duration and counts may be one of the potential indicators related to asthenopia.
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Tesfaye AH, Alemayehu M, Abere G, Mekonnen TH. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome Among Academic Staff in the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221111865. [PMID: 35846168 PMCID: PMC9280790 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is the leading occupational hazard of the 21st century, which causes the critical public health issues in the present era. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, data on the proportion and the causes of CVS are scarce among academic staff for policy conclusions. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CVS among academic staff at the University of Gondar. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to April, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 525 study participants. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were then entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was computed with a binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of CVS was found to be 78.8% out of a total of 500 participants [95% CI (74.95, 82.30)], of which the majority (71.60%) of them were males. Using a computer for more than 9 years [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.01, 2.71)], using visual display terminals [AOR = 2.63, 95% CI (1.60, 4.32)], and working in improper illumination levels (300 and >500 lux) [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.47, 4.33)] increased the risk of CVS, whereas, Using eye droplets [AOR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58)] and taking rest breaks [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.34-0.92)] were protective factors. CONCLUSION This study disclosed that CVS was common among academicians. In the current study, the manifestation of CVS was affected by years of computer use, visual display terminals use, workplace illumination level, rest breaks, and eye droplets. Taking rest breaks in between the work, reducing exposure to display screens, use of eye drops, and optimizing workplace illumination levels are recommended to reduce the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O.Box: 196, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Abusamak M, Jaber HM, Alrawashdeh HM. The Effect of Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Digital Eye Strain Symptoms Among the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:895517. [PMID: 35812520 PMCID: PMC9256929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.895517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive prolonged use of digital devices without regular breaks has detrimental effects on ocular health and quality of vision. Individuals with chronic eye problems and refractive errors are at higher risk of developing digital eye strain (DES). Correction of refractive errors, adopting healthy practices will reduce its risk. The survey examined the effect of prolonged lockdown on the development and increased severity of digital eye strain (DES) symptoms among the general population. An online survey was conducted in March 2020 on social media platforms in Jordan. Data from 1,460 responders were analyzed. About half of the respondents were between 30–49 years, 28.4% were retired, 21% had chronic systemic illness, and 23% reported chronic eye problems. A rise in the use of digital devices during lockdown was reported by 957 participants, with 33% of them used digital devices more than 4 h a day. The most common symptoms before and during lockdown were headache and neck / shoulder pain have the highest associations (X2 = 280.0, 271.3, df = 4, p < 0.001 respectively). Female gender, existence of chronic eye problems and systemic diseases, and duration of using digital devices were found to be statistically significant factors associated with increasing severity of eye symptoms during lockdown. Not taking enough regular breaks from digital devices showed significant association with blurred vision at distance and near (X2 = 13.03, 10.74, df = 4, P = 0.011, 0.03, respectively). People with chronic eye problems and increased time using devices during lockdown developed new eye complaints three times more than before the lockdown and males were two times more likely than females to have more severe eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abusamak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Public Health, Amman Eye Clinic, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Abusamak
| | - Hatim M. Jaber
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
- Ophthalmology Department, Sharif Eye Centers, Amman, Jordan
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Modern aspects of computer visual syndrome. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract71366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents the pathogenetic, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation aspects of computer visual syndrome. The importance of an integrated approach to the implementation of treatment and rehabilitation measures is emphasized. The promising directions of scientific and practical activity on the problem of treating patients with computer visual syndrome symptoms from the standpoint of modern requirements for medical rehabilitation have been determined.
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Iqbal M, Elzembely H, Elmassry A, Elgharieb M, Assaf A, Ibrahim O, Soliman A. Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Ocular Sequelae among Medical Students: A University-Wide Study on a Marginalized Visual Security Issue. Open Ophthalmol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874364102115010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
This study aimed to discover and document the potential of visual and ocular sequelae of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among medical students.
Methods:
This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on medical students (n=4030) of five universities in Egypt. All students completed a specially designed and validated CVS questionnaire survey (CVS-F3). Students with ≥5 CVS symptoms constituted a risk group (n=352), while students with 1-4 CVS symptoms constituted a low-symptoms group (n=3067). Students from the control and risk groups were examined using objective methods, such as visual acuity, subjective refraction, dry eye disease tests, and anterior segment and fundus examinations. Students who complained of visual blur underwent multifocal electroretinography mfERG examinations (mfERG group).
Results:
The CVS-F3 indicated that 84.8% of students had complaints that might be related to CVS, however, our ophthalmic examination group revealed only a 56% CVS prevalence rate. The most common single screen type used by 70.4% of students was the smartphone, and the most common complaint was headache (50.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CVS was significantly associated with increased screen-hours, including >2 screen-hours daily (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; P<0.0001), >2 screen-hours at night (OR, 1.79; P=0.003), and ≥3 screen-years (OR, 1.69; P=0.006). In the mfERG group, 37% demonstrated reduced amplitudes of mfERG rings and quadrants, indicating reduced foveal responses.
Conclusion:
CVS-questionnaires overestimate the true CVS prevalence and sequelae, which could be accurately detected by objective ophthalmic examination. Smartphones primarily caused CVS among students, with CVS severity increasing in correlation with shorter eye-to-screen distance and frequent use. Contact lens wearing doubled the risk of CVS development and augmented its severity. CVS might affect macular integrity with screen-induced foveal dysfunction.
Clinical Trials Registration:
PACTR201811618954630.
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Cooper N, Sharma A, Cooper J, Al-Asady Y, Khajuria A. Evaluating the Usefulness and Acceptability of a Revision-Purposed 'Specialties' Webinar for Educating UK-Based Fifth and Final Year Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is This the Future of Medical Education? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:979-985. [PMID: 34512067 PMCID: PMC8412824 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s321533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether an online course is a useful method of learning for medical students revising for specialty examinations in the context of social distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A free, one-day webinar was offered to fifth and final year medical students with an examination-based approach. Teaching was delivered by trainees in Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics (the 'specialties'). An online, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess usefulness and acceptability of the webinar by enrolled students, who were invited to complete the research questionnaire. Student responses pertaining to knowledge, confidence and interest, pre- and post-webinar, were collected and analysed. RESULTS A total of 247 students attended the webinar, with a 98.4% response rate to the questionnaire. Ninety-one percent of students agreed that webinars offer flexibility and convenience. About 55.1% felt that the pandemic had impacted their ability to learn new information. About 92.7% felt that the webinar was useful. Matched data showed an increase in participants' knowledge (p = <0.001) and confidence (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Online learning provides a useful, accessible and safe method of providing medical education in the context of the global pandemic. Webinars adopting a lecture-based, examination-style approach improved students' perceived confidence and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cooper
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anushka Sharma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Cooper
- Paediatrics, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Al-Asady
- Psychiatry, The Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ankur Khajuria
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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