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An S, Evans JL, Hamlet S, Love RM. Overview of incorporation of inorganic antimicrobial materials in denture base resin: A scoping review. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:202-211. [PMID: 34756425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Dental hygiene for institutionalized patients and recurring Candida-associated denture stomatitis remain problematic because of a patient's limited dexterity or inability to eliminate Candida from denture surfaces. Although there has been extensive research into antimicrobial modification of denture base resins with inorganic materials, scoping reviews of the literature to identify knowledge gaps or efficacy of inorganic antimicrobial materials in denture base resins are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a synopsis of the efficacy of the major classes of inorganic antimicrobial materials currently incorporated into denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was applied. Four electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were accessed for articles in the English language, up to February 2019, without restrictions on the date of publication. RESULTS From the 53 articles selected, 25 distinguishable inorganic materials were found and divided into 3 subgroups. Forty-three articles evaluated nanomaterials, where mostly silver ion nanoparticles and/or titanium dioxide nanoparticles were incorporated into denture base resins. Fourteen articles examined antimicrobial drugs and medications, including azole group medications, amphotericin-B, Bactekiller, chlorhexidine, Novaron, and Zeomic. Two articles classified as others explored hydroxyapatite- and fiber-incorporated denture base resins. CONCLUSIONS Although nanotechnology and antimicrobial medications or drugs have been successfully used to reduce Candida-associated denture stomatitis, long-term solutions are still lacking, and their disadvantages continue to outweigh their advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve An
- Lecturer, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jane L Evans
- Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- Senior Lecturer, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- Professor, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Stress Relaxation Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Graphene Composites: Ultraviolet Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194192. [PMID: 36236140 PMCID: PMC9573155 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The graphene/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites are a promising candidate for electronic, optoelectrical, and environmental applications. Understanding the mechanical degradation of PMMA-based materials is of practical importance in improving the reliability and lifespan of the associated structures and systems. In this study, we investigate the effects of functionalized graphene (FG) and UV irradiation on the stress-relaxation of PMMA. Uniaxial tensile and stress -relaxation tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical strength and elongation at the break increase with the graphene concentration but decrease with the increase of the irradiation dose. Raman spectroscopy and intrinsic viscosity measurement are applied to examine the root cause of the degradation in the composites. UV irradiation leads to polymer chain scission and loss of molecular weight. The Kelvin representation of the standard linear solid model (SLSM) is used to describe the stress-relaxation curves of the composites. The value of the elastic modulus in the Kelvin element decreases with the increase in temperature. The viscosity follows the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy of viscosity increases with the increasing FGs concentration because the FGs hinder the chain motion of PMMA. However, UV irradiation makes chain scission of PMMA/FGs composite so that the polymer chain moves more easily and the activation energy of stress relaxation lowers. The steady-state stress follows the van 't Hoff equation that stress relaxation is an exothermal deformation process. Although Maxwell's representation of SLSM is mathematically identical to the Kelvin representation of SLSM, the former cannot interpret the stress-relaxation behavior of PMMA/FGs composite, which is against the concept of Young's modulus as a decreasing temperature function.
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Volchkova I, Yumashev A, Borisov V, Doroshina V, Kristal E, Repina S. Influence of Removable Denture Cleaning Agents on Adhesion of Oral Pathogenic Microflora In Vitro: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Removable dentures are used by 20% of the population. These may be accompanied by denture stomatitis in 15-70% of patients. The choice of the optimal cleansing agent for removable dental prostheses is of high significance.
Aim:
The aim of our research was to study the influence of removable denture cleansing products on the adhesion of microorganisms and yeast.
Materials and Methods:
We manufactured 144 specimens of standardized round shape with a diameter of 10 mm from 4 types of modern polymeric materials used by prosthetic dentistry to produce removable dentures, 12 specimens of each material were placed into suspensions of bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, then into “ClearaSept” (Test group 1), “Рrotefix active cleanser” (Test group 2), saline solution (Control group), followed by nutrient media. The adhesion index was calculated and analyzed.
Results:
There was no reliable lowering of adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus to all materials detected in Test group 1 (U=6, p>0.05 for Bio XS; U=8, p>0.05 for Dental D, Denotokeep Peek, Vertex Rapid Simplified). In Test group 2, the adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus reliably decreased to all materials compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). The adhesion index of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli to all materials in Test group 1 had a minor to moderate reliable reduction compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Test group 2 showed a significant reliable decrease in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli adhesion index to all materials in comparison with the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01).
Conclusion:
The research showed an unreliable or minor and moderate reliable decrease in microorganisms adhesion index depending on the microorganism species after treatment of denture material specimens by antibacterial soap “ClearaSept” and a reliable significant decrease in microbial and yeast adhesion after application of Protefix active cleaner solution, which demonstrates a more significant antimicrobial effect in comparison to “ClearaSept” against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.
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An S, Evans JL, Hamlet S, Love RM. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in denture base resin: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 126:188-195. [PMID: 32800329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base resins (DBRs), such as polymethyl methacrylate, are commonly used in the fabrication of removable dentures because of their physical, mechanical, and esthetic properties. However, the denture base acts as a substrate for microorganism adherence and biofilm formation, which may lead to denture stomatitis and be further complicated by fungal infections, of especial importance with geriatric and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, methods to enhance the antimicrobial property of DBRs will be beneficial. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the antimicrobial activity of DBRs incorporating antimicrobial agents or materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of English peer-reviewed literature up to February 2019 reporting on antimicrobial activity of DBRs with respect to antimicrobial agents or materials, antimicrobial test effects and methods, and conclusion or knowledge gaps was conducted by using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included denture base resin and antibacterial, denture base resin and antifungal, and denture base resin and antimicrobial. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for subsequent data analysis. RESULTS Of 2536 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Antimicrobial materials were divided into 3 groups: antimicrobial monomer or copolymer, phytochemical or phytomedical components, and other compounds. Strategies on how to incorporate these substances into DBRs and their impact on the reduction and prevention of the growth of microorganisms were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although many efforts have been made to improve the antimicrobial ability of DBRs, this systematic review found that the effectiveness of incorporating of antimicrobial agents into DBRs has not been demonstrated conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve An
- Lecturer, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jane L Evans
- Associate Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- Senior Research Fellow, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Ajay R, Suma K, Ali SA. Monomer Modifications of Denture Base Acrylic Resin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S112-S125. [PMID: 31198322 PMCID: PMC6555369 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methyl methacrylate monomer of denture base resins was modified with several monomers to achieve better physico-mechanical properties without compromising the biocompatibility. However, there are no consensuses on the best strategy to achieve best modified monomer. Purpose: To identify and evaluate the differences in the properties between conventional and modified monomers and to verify the influence of several variables on the properties of denture base acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: This study was executed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. In-vitro studies that investigated the properties of conventional and modified monomers were selected. Searches were carried out in the Ebscohost, PubMed, Semantic scholar and J-stage databases. The search commenced from the year 1995 and the last search was done till November 2018. A comparison was performed between modified and unmodified monomers. The analyses were carried out using fixed-effect models. Results: The meta-analysis results showed high heterogeneity in all aspects, and higher flexural strength for monomers modified with 20% methacrylic acid. Conclusion: Although the articles included in this meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias, the in-vitro literature seems to suggest that use of modified monomers could improve the properties of denture base resins. Other variants of monomer modifications and their tested parameters were discussed in this systematic review as well. Dimensional accuracy is an unexplored variable to be evaluated extensively in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ajay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Suma
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Asharaf Ali
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Stencel R, Kasperski J, Pakieła W, Mertas A, Bobela E, Barszczewska-Rybarek I, Chladek G. Properties of Experimental Dental Composites Containing Antibacterial Silver-Releasing Filler. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1031. [PMID: 29912158 PMCID: PMC6025467 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secondary caries is one of the important issues related to using dental composite restorations. Effective prevention of cariogenic bacteria survival may reduce this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and physical properties of composite materials with silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate (SSHZP). The antibacterial filler was introduced at concentrations of 1%, 4%, 7%, 10%, 13%, and 16% (w/w) into model composite material consisting of methacrylate monomers and silanized glass and silica fillers. The in vitro reduction in the number of viable cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans ATCC 33535 colonies, Vickers microhardness, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, sorption, solubility, degree of conversion, and color stability were investigated. An increase in antimicrobial filler concentration resulted in a statistically significant reduction in bacteria. There were no statistically significant differences caused by the introduction of the filler in compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural modulus, and solubility. Statistically significant changes in degree of conversion, flexural strength, hardness (decrease), solubility (increase), and in color were registered. A favorable combination of antibacterial properties and other properties was achieved at SSHZP concentrations from 4% to 13%. These composites exhibited properties similar to the control material and enhanced in vitro antimicrobial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stencel
- Private Practice, Center of Dentistry and Implantology, ul. Karpińskiego 3, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mertas
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Bobela
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Jabłońska-Stencel E, Pakieła W, Mertas A, Bobela E, Kasperski J, Chladek G. Effect of Silver-Emitting Filler on Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Soft Denture Lining Material. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020318. [PMID: 29470441 PMCID: PMC5849015 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of silicone-based soft lining materials by pathogenic yeast-type fungi is a common problem associated with the use of dentures. In this study, silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate (SSHZP) was introduced into polydimethylsiloxane-based material as an antimicrobial filler at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14% (w/w). The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy was investigated. Candida albicans was used as a characteristic representative of pathogenic oral microflora. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as the typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, respectively. The effect of filler addition on the Shore A hardness, tensile strength, tensile bond strength, sorption, and solubility was investigated. An increase in the filler concentration resulted in an increase in hardness, sorption, and solubility, and for the highest concentration, a decrease in bond strength. The favorable combination of antimicrobial efficacy with other properties was achieved at filler concentrations ranging from 2% to 10%. These composites exhibited mechanical properties similar to the material without the antimicrobial filler and enhanced in vitro antimicrobial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mertas
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Bobela
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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