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Zhao Y, Qian S, Zheng Z, Peng J, Liu J, Guan X, Liao C. Consideration of hormonal changes for orthodontic treatment during pregnancy and lactation - a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 39164703 PMCID: PMC11334371 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes in pregnant and lactating women significantly affect bone metabolism and overall stress levels, positioning them as a unique group within the orthodontic population. Fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and other hormones are closely linked to bone remodeling and the periodontal tissue's response to inflammation caused by dental plaque. Hormones such as thyrotropin, leptin, and melatonin also play crucial roles in pregnancy and bone remodeling, with potential implications for orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, adverse personal behaviors and changes in dietary habits worsen periodontal conditions and complicate periodontal maintenance during orthodontic treatment. Notably, applying orthodontic force during pregnancy and lactation may trigger stress responses in the endocrine system, altering hormone levels. However, these changes do not appear to adversely affect the mother or fetus. This review comprehensively examines the interaction between hormone levels and orthodontic tooth movement in pregnant and lactating women, offering insights to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Shengqi Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.23 Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Juxiang Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Neural regulation of alveolar bone remodeling and periodontal ligament metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement in response to therapeutic loading. J World Fed Orthod 2022; 11:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Traver C, Miralles L, Barcia JM. Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081209. [PMID: 36010098 PMCID: PMC9406572 DOI: 10.3390/children9081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different works have reported earlier permanent teething in obese/overweight children compared to control ones. In contrast, others have reported a delayed permanent teething in undernutrition/underweight children compared to control one. It has been reported that becoming overweight or suffering from obesity can increase gingival pro-inflammatory drive and can affect orthodontic treatment (among other complications). In this sense, little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting dental eruption timing. Leptin and adiponectin are adipocytokines signaling molecules released in overweight and underweight conditions, respectively. These adipocytokines can modulate osteocyte, odontoblast, and cementoblast activity, even regulating dental lamina initiation. The present review focuses on the molecular approach wherein leptin and adiponectin act as modulators of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) gene regulating dental eruption timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Traver
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Miralles
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Miguel Barcia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Satpathy S, Nadkerny V, Sharma S, Goutameshwar AV, Joshi S, Vibhuti. Linking leptin in GCF with tooth movement among Indians. Bioinformation 2022; 18:572-576. [PMID: 37168792 PMCID: PMC10165049 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the association of orthodontic tooth movement with concentration of leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF).Thirty orthodontic patients of both genders with equal sample size were included for the present study. Concentration of leptin was assessed at baseline (T0), 1 hr after application of force (T1), 24 hours later (T2), 7 days after application of force (T3), and 1 month after application of orthodontic force (T4). Using strips of filter paper, GCF was collected from the gingival sulcus on distal aspect of the right maxillary canine. Distalized tooth movement was evaluated by measuring the difference on dental casts, at baseline and one month after force application. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and Pearson's correlation test were used to analyze the data. Average concentration of leptin in GCF raises from baseline (T0) to 1 hours after application of force (T1), then increased to peak after 24 hours (T2), and declined to a minimum value after 7 days (T3) and again raises after 1 month (T4), closer to the base line value (T0), and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was significant association of the overall average concentration of leptin to degree of tooth movement (correlation coefficient = 0.625). There was a biphasic change in GCF leptin concentration during one cycle of orthodontic force application, thus, a significant association between rates of tooth movement with GCF leptin concentration is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadev Satpathy
- Department of Dentistry, Fakir Mohan Medical College, Balasore, Odisha 756019, India
| | - Vidyesh Nadkerny
- Department of Orthodontics, Daswani Dental College & Research Centre, Kota, 324001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shaivi Sharma
- Dept of orthodontics, Bhabha dental college Bhopal - 462001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ayyagari Viresh Goutameshwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital Mysuru, Mysuru - 570004, Karnataka, India
| | - Sidharth Joshi
- Department of Periodontology, Aditya Dental College, Beed, 431122, Maharastra, India
| | - Vibhuti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharishi Markendeshwar College of Dental Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala - 133203 Haryana, India
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Kashyap A, Goutam M, Manas A, Verghese Y, Jaggi N, Pragna K. Association of orthodontic tooth movement with leptin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S971-S973. [PMID: 36110689 PMCID: PMC9469343 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_805_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Dharma DS, Bakar NA, Mustafa BE. Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:647-652. [PMID: 34428845 PMCID: PMC8630970 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the salivary leptin hormone levels between different classes of facial skeletal pattern (Class I, II, and III).
Materials and Methods
A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained.
Results
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns.
Conclusion
Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusha Siva Dharma
- Department of Bioscience, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Orthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Basma Ezzat Mustafa
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136847. [PMID: 34202165 PMCID: PMC8268745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusions leads to the formation of pressure zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a sterile inflammatory reaction, which is mediated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). Leptin levels are elevated in obesity and chronic inflammatory responses. In view of the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into effects on orthodontic treatment are of distinct clinical relevance. A possible influence of leptin on the expression profile of PDLF during simulated orthodontic mechanical strain, however, has not yet been investigated. In this study, PDLF were exposed to mechanical strain with or without different leptin concentrations. The gene and protein expression of proinflammatory and bone-remodelling factors were analysed with RT-qPCR, Western-blot and ELISA. The functional analysis of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis was analysed by TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining in coculture with human macrophages. Pressure-induced increase of proinflammatory factors was additionally elevated with leptin treatment. PDLF significantly increased RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) expression after compression, while osteoprotegerin was downregulated. An additional leptin effect was demonstrated for RANKL as well as for subsequent osteoclastogenesis in coculture after TRAP staining. Our results suggest that increased leptin concentrations, as present in obese patients, may influence orthodontic tooth movement. In particular, the increased expression of proinflammatory factors and RANKL as well as increased osteoclastogenesis can be assumed to accelerate bone resorption and thus the velocity of orthodontic tooth movement in the orthodontic treatment of obese patients.
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Hörmann-Wallner M, Krause R, Alfaro B, Jilani H, Laureati M, Almli VL, Sandell M, Sandvik P, Zeinstra GG, Methven L. Intake of Fibre-Associated Foods and Texture Preferences in Relation to Weight Status Among 9-12 Years Old Children in 6 European Countries. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633807. [PMID: 33681278 PMCID: PMC7935542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant foods, rich in fibre, can offer textures that children find difficult to orally manipulate, resulting in low preferences but are important for a healthy diet and prevention of overweight in children. Our aim was to investigate preferences for food texture, intake of fibre-associated foods and the relation to BMI. Three hundred thirty European children (9-12 years, 54% female) indicated their texture preferences using the Child-Food-Texture-Preference- Questionnaire (CFTPQ), and their parents responded on fibre-associated food consumption and anthropometric information. BMI was significantly lower for children with higher intake of wholegrain alternatives of common foods; in addition to being significantly influenced by country and the wearing of a dental brace. Overall BMI-for-age-percentiles (BMI_pct) were negatively associated with the consumption of wholegrain cereals, white pasta and wholemeal products and positively associated with the intake of legumes and white biscuits. In males, BMI_pct were negatively associated with wholegrain products and dried fruits, and in females, positively with legume consumption. A few country-related associations were found for BMI_pct and wholegrain biscuits, seeds and nuts and refined products. No overall correlation was found between BMI_pct and the texture preference of soft/hard foods by CFTPQ, except in Austria. We conclude that this study revealed evidence of a connection between fibre-associated foods and children's BMI at a cross-cultural level and that sex is an important determinant of fibre-associated food intake and the development of overweight in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Raphaela Krause
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Begoña Alfaro
- Food Research Division, Expert Technology Centre in Marine and Food Innovation (AZTI), Derio Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hannah Jilani
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research– Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, University of Bremen and Institute for Preventions Research and Epidemiology– Instituts für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Bremen, Germany
| | - Monica Laureati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valérie L. Almli
- Department of Innovation, Consumer and Sensory Sciences, Nofima, Aas, Norway
| | - Mari Sandell
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Sandvik
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gertrude G. Zeinstra
- Food, Health & Consumer Research Group, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Ruiz-Heiland G, Yong JW, von Bremen J, Ruf S. Leptin reduces in vitro cementoblast mineralization and survival as well as induces PGE2 release by ERK1/2 commitment. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1933-1944. [PMID: 32820432 PMCID: PMC7965856 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Juvenile obesity is a complex clinical condition that is present more and more frequently in the daily orthodontic practice. Over-weighted patients have an impaired bone metabolism, due in part to their increased levels of circulating adipokines. Particularly, leptin has been reported to play a key role in bone physiology. Leptin is ubiquitously present in the body, including blood, saliva, and crevicular fluid. If, and to what extent, it could influence the reaction of cementoblasts during orthodontic-induced forces is yet unknown. Material and methods OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultivated under compressive forces using different concentrations of leptin. The expression of ObR, Runx-2, Osteocalcin, Rank-L, Sost, Caspase 3, 8, and 9 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Western blots were employed for protein analysis. The ERK1/2 antagonist FR180204 (Calbiochem) was used and cPLA2 activation, PGE2, and cytochrome C release were further evaluated. Results In vitro, when compressive forces are applied, leptin promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as upregulates PGE2 and caspase 3 and caspase 9 on OCCM cells. Blockade of ERK1/2 impairs leptin-induced PGE2 secretion and reduced caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression. Conclusions Leptin influences the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts, exerting in vitro a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effect. Clinical relevance Our findings indicate that leptin exacerbates the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts promoting the release of PGE2 and increases the rate of cell apoptosis, and thus, increased levels of leptin may influence the inflammatory response during orthodontically induced tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - J W Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - J von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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