1
|
Laurindo LF, Rodrigues VD, Minniti G, de Carvalho ACA, Zutin TLM, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A, Barbalho SM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) phytochemicals target the components of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109670. [PMID: 38768871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a multipurpose dietary and medicinal plant known for its ability to promote various health benefits. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder driving health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide. It may be characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This study aims to conduct a review of pomegranate's effects on MetS parameters using a mechanistic approach relying on pre-clinical studies. The peel, juice, roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaves of the fruit present several bioactive compounds that are related mainly to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects. The use of the juice extract can work as a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, consequently regulating blood pressure. The major bioactive compounds found within the fruit are phenolic compounds (hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids) and fatty acids. Alkaloids, punicalagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, luteolin, and punicic acid are also present. The antihyperglycemia, antihyperlipidemia, and weight loss promoting effects are likely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. When considering clinical application, pomegranate extracts are found to be frequently well-tolerated, further supporting its efficacy as a treatment modality. We suggest that pomegranate fruit, extract, or processed products can be used to counteract MetS-related risk factors. This review represents an important step towards exploring potential avenues for further research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Laís Menegucci Zutin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salem AM, Farag SM, Gad HA, Al-Sayed E, El-Ahmady SH. Anti-Culex pipiens activity of different pomegranate cultivars and determination of their bioactive compounds using LC-MS profiling. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:507-520. [PMID: 38035714 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels are rich in various bioactive compounds. Characterization of these compounds is crucial for the utilization of peel waste in industrial processing. OBJECTIVE The study aimed (1) to establish and compare the metabolic profiles of the peel of seven pomegranate cultivars and (2) to identify bioactive compounds contributing to the larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was utilized to analyze peel methanol extracts of different pomegranate cultivars. The larvicidal activity was determined by calculating the larval mortality among the third instar larvae of C. pipiens. Multivariate data analysis was conducted to identify the metabolites that exhibited a larvicidal effect. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, were tentatively identified in both negative and positive ionization modes. The extract of cultivar 'Black' exhibited the most potent larvicidal effect with LC50 values of 185.15, 156.84, and 138.12 ppm/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment, respectively. By applying chemometric techniques, the larvicidal activity could be directly correlated to the bioactive compounds punicalagin, quercetin-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-O-pentoside, and galloyl-HHDP-glucose. CONCLUSION The present study implemented UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and chemometric techniques as potential tools for metabolomics analysis and differentiation between peels of different pomegranate cultivars. In addition, cultivar 'Black' extract could be a promising natural insecticide against mosquitoes since it is rich in bioactive compounds with larvicidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Salem
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Farag
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prabhakar P. Role of Indian fruits in the prevention and management of hypertension. JOURNAL OF THE PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_63_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
|
4
|
Widowati W, Kusuma HSW, Arumwardana S, Afifah E, Wahyuni CD, Wijayanti CR, Maulana MA, Rizal R. Corilagin potential in inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory stress in LPS-induced murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1656-1665. [PMID: 35432805 PMCID: PMC8976907 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.59348.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is thought to be the common pathophysiological basis for several disorders. Corilagin is one of the major active compounds which showed broad-spectrum biological and therapeutic activities, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of corilagin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-oxidant activities were examined by free radical scavenging of H2O2, NO, and *OH. The safe concentrations of corilagin on RAW264.7 were determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on RAW264.7 cell lines. The inflammation cells model was induced with LPS. The anti-inflammatory activities measured IL-6, TNF-α, NO, IL-1β, PGE-2, iNOS, and COX-2 levels using ELISA assay. RESULTS The results showed that corilagin had a significant inhibition activity dose-dependently in scavenging activities toward H2O2, *OH, and NO with IC50 values 76.85 µg/ml, 26.68 µg/ml, and 66.64 µg/ml, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of corilagin also showed a significant decrease toward IL-6, TNF-α, NO, IL-1β, PGE-2, iNOS, and COX-2 levels at the highest concentration (75 µM) compared with others concentration (50 and 25 µM) with the highest inhibition activities being 48.09%, 42.37%, 65.69%, 26.47%, 46.88%, 56.22%, 59.99%, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Corilagin has potential as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell lines by its ability to scavenge free radical NO, *OH, and H2O2 and also suppress the production of proinflammatory mediators including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Surya Sumantri No. 65, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Wahyu Widowati. Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Prof. Drg. Suria Sumantri 65, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia. Tel: +6281910040010;
| | - Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Seila Arumwardana
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ervi Afifah
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Cintani Dewi Wahyuni
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Cahyaning Riski Wijayanti
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Aldi Maulana
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rizal Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia,Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16426, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Öngöz Dede F, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Balli U, Durmuşlar MC, Avci B, Gülle K, Akpolat Ferah M. The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210160. [PMID: 34586188 PMCID: PMC8483071 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis. Results ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Öngöz Dede
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Bozkurt Doğan
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Balli
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cenk Durmuşlar
- Kent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Ondokuzmayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gülle
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Meryem Akpolat Ferah
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allemailem KS. Antimicrobial Potential of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:155-162. [PMID: 34349474 PMCID: PMC8291113 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_753_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional medicines of natural origin has been prevalent since ancient times globally as the plants produce a great diversity in their secondary metabolites. The naturally occurring bioactive constituents in food and other plant materials have shown widespread attention for their use as alternative medicine to prevent and cure microbial growth with the least toxic manifestations. The inclusion of these contents revealed their crucial role to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the classical drugs against various pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, several metabolites have also been explored in combination with antimicrobial agents to overcome the problems associated with drug resistance. This current review discusses the antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites as well as their role in drug sensitivity against multiple-drug resistant pathogenic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balaban M, Koc C, Sar T, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Screening for Bioactive Compound Rich Pomegranate Peel Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Activities. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16104587974507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, seven different extracts from pomegranate (Punica granatum L., cv. Hicaz nar) peel were prepared by using different solvents (ethanol, methanol, either alone or in combination with acid, acetone and water). The phenolics (punicalagins and ellagic acid), organic acids (citric acid and malic acid) and sugars of pomegranate peel extracts were determined. The highest amounts of punicalagins and ellagic acid were detected by ethanol-acid extract as 13.86% and 17.19% (w/v) respectively, whereas the lowest levels were obtained with acetone and water extracts. Moreover, the methanol-acid (3.19% malic acid) and ethanol-acid (1.13% citric acid) extracts contained the highest levels of organic acids. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were investigated by agar well diffusion method. Methanol-acid and ethanol-acid extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial effects on all tested microorganisms, giving inhibition zones ranging in size from 17 to 36 mm. Although similar antimicrobial activities were observed by ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts (up to 24 mm), the lowest antimicrobial activities were attained by water extract (0-15 mm). All extracts were generally more effective against Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus facealis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus than Gram-negative ones: Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. It was shown that extracts from pomegranate peels represent a good source of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Balaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400 Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Siirt University, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Cansel Koc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400 Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400 Turkey
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mechanisms of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111609. [PMID: 33228177 PMCID: PMC7699557 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to establish the mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Punica granatum leaves (MEPGL) in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, and acute toxicity study of MEPGL were carried out. Various concentrations of MEPGL (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) were administered orally to diabetic rats for 45 days on a daily basis. The antidiabetic effect of MEPGL was examined by measuring blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as with an oral glucose tolerance test. The antioxidant effect of MEPGL was determined by analyzing hepatic and renal antioxidant markers, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation. The other biochemical markers alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also studied. Type 2 diabetes significantly altered these parameters, while oral administration of the MEPGL significantly ameliorated them. Moreover, the pancreatic histopathological changes were attenuated with MEPGL treatment. In a nutshell, oral MEPGL administration in diabetic rats showed antidiabetic activity due to its antioxidant activity, most probably due to the gallic acid, ellagic acid, and apigenin found in MEPGL.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gismondi A, Baldoni M, Gnes M, Scorrano G, D’Agostino A, Di Marco G, Calabria G, Petrucci M, Müldner G, Von Tersch M, Nardi A, Enei F, Canini A, Rickards O, Alexander M, Martínez-Labarga C. A multidisciplinary approach for investigating dietary and medicinal habits of the Medieval population of Santa Severa (7th-15th centuries, Rome, Italy). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227433. [PMID: 31990948 PMCID: PMC6986732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach, combining stable isotope analysis from bone proteins and investigations on dental calculus using DNA analysis, light microscopy, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, was applied to reconstruct dietary and medicinal habits of the individuals recovered in the cemetery of the Castle of Santa Severa (7th-15th centuries CE; Rome, Italy). Stable isotope analysis was performed on 120 humans, 41 faunal specimens and 8 charred seeds. Dental calculus analyses were carried out on 94 samples. Overall, isotope data indicated an omnivorous diet based on C3-terrestrial protein, although some individuals possessed carbon values indicative of C4 plant consumption. In terms of animal protein, the diet was probably based on cattle, sheep, pig and chicken products, as witnessed by the archaeozoological findings. Evidence from calculus suggested the consumption of C3 cereals, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, milk and dairy products. Secondary metabolites of herbs and wine were also detected. The detection of marine fish ancient DNA, as well as of ω3 fatty acids in calculus, hypothesized the consumption of marine foodstuffs for this coastal population, despite the lack of a clear marine isotopic signal and the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plant tissues. Moreover, the knowledge of ethnopharmacological tradition and the application of medicinal plants (e.g. Punica granatum L., Ephedra sp. L.) were also identified. The detection of artemisinin, known to have antimalarial properties, led to hypothesize the presence of malaria in the area. Altogether, the combined application of microscopy and biomolecular techniques provided an innovative reconstruction of Medieval lifeways in Central Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Gismondi
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marica Baldoni
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Gnes
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Scorrano
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Marco
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulietta Calabria
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Petrucci
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gundula Müldner
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Von Tersch
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Nardi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Enei
- Museo Civico di Santa Marinella “Museo del Mare e della Navigazione Antica”, Castello di Santa Severa (Roma–Italia)
| | - Antonella Canini
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle Alexander
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo Studio del DNA Antico, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comparison of Iron (III) Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (iRAC) and ABTS Radical Quenching Assays for Estimating Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) has total antioxidant capacity which is reportedly higher compared to other common beverages. This short study aimed to assess the total antioxidant capacity of commercial PJ and pomegranate fruit using a newly described method for iron (III) reducing antioxidant capacity (iRAC) and to compare with the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and Folin–Ciocalteu assays. Commercial PJ, freeze-dried pomegranate, and oven-dried pomegranate were analyzed. The calibration results for iRAC were comparable to ABTS and Folin–Ciocalteu methods in terms of linearity (R2 > 0.99), sensitivity and precision. The total antioxidant capacity for PJ expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was 33.4 ± 0.5 mM with the iRAC method and 36.3 ± 2.1 mM using the ABTS method. For dried pomegranates, total antioxidant capacity on a dry weight basis (DB) was 89–110 mmol/100 g DB or 76.0 ± 4.3 mmol/100 g DB using iRAC and ABTS methods, respectively. Freeze-dried pomegranate had 15% higher total antioxidant capacity compared with oven-dried pomegranate. In conclusion, pomegranate has high total antioxidant capacity as evaluated by the iRAC and ABTS methods, though variations occur due to the type of cultivar, geographic origin, processing and other factors. The study is relevant for attempts to refine food composition data for pomegranate and other functional foods.
Collapse
|