1
|
Yaghoobizadeh F, Roayaei Ardakani M, Ranjbar MM, Khosravi M, Galehdari H. Preparation, Purification and Performance Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Produced in Rat. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:563-572. [PMID: 37646054 PMCID: PMC10460799 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Among all known human coronaviruses, some viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) cause severe pneumonia or even death. With the regard to its spread and the importance of its rapid identification/treatment, and because pAbs are relatively cheap, able to bind to more sites on antigens and even neutralize them, this study was done for the production and purification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) in rats. Methods Viral antigen purification was performed by PEG/NaCl precipitation. The efficiency of the sucrose cushion method was also investigated to produce a purer antigen. Immunization was done and antibody purification was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (33%), dialysis, and ion-exchange chromatography. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to verify the antibody specificity. All data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results The results showed that the amount of concentrated virus increased with the increase of PEG concentration. Moreover, the sucrose cushion method increased its purity. Besides, induction of immune response in rats for pAb production with high titers was reached via these antigens and ELISA/western blot results indicated a suitable antibody-antigen interaction. Additionally, it was shown that ion-exchange chromatography could be a suitable technique for IgG purification. Conclusion Herein, we presented a simple and cheap method for the purification of whole viral particles with relatively high quality. The results verified that these antigens could elicit a good immune response in the rat. The obtained pAbs showed a good specificity toward SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Accordingly, this study proposes a promising method for viral vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yaghoobizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shoaei P, Ranjbar MM, Tokhanbigli S, Ataei B, Alibakhshi A, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Ahangarzadeh S. Comparative Analysis and Identification of Spike Mutations in Iranian COVID-19 Samples from the First Three Waves of Disease. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:153. [PMID: 37564431 PMCID: PMC10410413 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_171_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spike surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is the essential protein in virus attachment to the target cell and cell entrance. As this protein contains immunodominant epitopes and is the main target for immune recognition, it is the critical target for vaccine and therapeutics development. In the current research, we analyzed the variability and mutations of the spike glycoprotein isolated from 72 COVID-19-positive patients from Iran's first three waves of disease. Materials and Methods The RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal samples of confirmed COVID-19 cases and served as a template for cDNA synthesis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction products of each sample were assembled and sequenced. Results After analysis of 72 sequences, we obtained 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 23 that produce amino acid changes. Our analysis showed that the most frequent mutation was the D614G (in the samples of the second and third waves). Conclusions Our findings suggest that developing effective vaccines requires identifying the predominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 in each community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kızılgeçit M, Yıldırım M. Fear of COVID-19, death depression and death anxiety: Religious coping as a mediator. ARCHIVE FOR THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION = ARCHIV FUR RELIGIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2023; 45:23-36. [PMID: 38603314 PMCID: PMC9646889 DOI: 10.1177/00846724221133455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the well-being and mental health of populations worldwide. This study sought to examine whether religious coping mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related fear and death distress. We administered an online survey to 390 adult participants (66.15% females; Mage = 30.85 ± 10.19 years) across Turkey. Participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring the fear they had experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, their levels of religious coping and their levels of death anxiety and depression. Our findings revealed that (a) fear of COVID-19 was associated with positive religious coping, negative religious coping, death anxiety and death distress; (b) negative religious coping was associated with death anxiety and depression and (c) negative religious coping mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and death anxiety and depression. These results highlight the detrimental effect of negative religious coping in increasing the adverse effect of the COVID-19 fear on death depression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabani S, Ghadimi S. COVID
‐19 co‐infection in a patient with brucellosis. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6367. [PMID: 36188045 PMCID: PMC9500419 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An 89‐year‐old male case was hospitalized in the COVID‐19 department. His CT scan showed nodular opacities, also a variable low P O2, elevated transaminases, and a high D‐dimer concentration. The patient diagnosed with active brucellosis. Finally, he treated by combination of doxycycline and rifampicin in addition to anti‐COVID‐19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shabani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of MedicineArak University of Medical SciencesArakIran
| | - Saleh Ghadimi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of MedicineArak University of Medical SciencesArakIran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kadkhodai L, Saghaei M, Habibzadeh M, Alikiaii B, Hashemi SJ. Estimating the best fraction of inspired oxygen for calculation of PaO2/FiO2 ratio in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 pneumonia. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:38. [PMID: 35968211 PMCID: PMC9374145 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_558_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) to the fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO2) is an indicator of pulmonary shunt fraction. PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio is used to classify severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). With the same shunt fraction, P/F ratio decreases with increases in FiO2 which may lead to errors in classifying severity of ARDS. The effect of FiO2 on P/F ratio has not been investigated in COVID-19 pneumonia. In this study, we estimated the best FiO2 for the calculation of P/F ratio in a sample of patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood gas and ventilatory data of 108 COVID-19 ARDS patients were analyzed in a cross-sectional observational study. Using Oxygen Status Algorithm the calculated shunt fraction served a basis for calculating P/F ratio for different FiO2. The severity of ARDS determined by P/F ratios at each FiO2s was compared with the shunt-based severity to find the optimum FiO2 for calculation of P/F ratio so the resulting classification has the best match with the reference classification. RESULTS A FiO2 of 1.0 for calculation of P/F ratio and ARDS classification showed the best match with shunt-based ARDS classification. A regression model was obtained with the PaO2, patient's original FiO2, Hemoglobin concentration, and SaO2 as the independent predictors of the P/F ratio for the FiO2 of 1.0. CONCLUSION This study shows a FiO2 of 1.0 as the best value for correct calculation of P/F ratio and proper classification of ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kadkhodai
- Department of Anesthesia, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Saghaei
- Department of Anesthesia, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahmoud Saghaei, Al-Zahra Medical Center, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammadreza Habibzadeh
- Department of Anesthesia, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesia, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Department of Anesthesia, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrew D, Shyam K, Cicilet S, Johny J. Assessment of interobserver reliability and predictive values of CT semiquantitative and severity scores in COVID lung disease. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8211928 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and first reported in December 2019 at Wuhan, China, has since then progressed into an ongoing global pandemic. The primary organ targeted by the virus is the pulmonary system, leading to interstitial pneumonia and subsequent oxygen dependency and morbidity. Computed tomography (CT) has been used by various centers as an imaging modality for the assessment of severity of lung involvement in individuals. Two popular systems of scoring lung involvement on CT are CT semiquantitative score (SQ) and CT severity score (CT-SS), both of which assess extent of pulmonary involvement by interstitial pneumonia and are partly based upon subjective evaluation. Our cross-sectional observational study aims to assess the interobserver reliability of these scores, as well as to assess the statistical correlation between the respective CT scores to severity of clinical outcome. Results Both the SQ and CT-SS scores showed an excellent interobserver reliability (ICC 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, p < 0.05). The CT-SS was marginally more sensitive (99.2%) in detecting severe COVID pneumonia than SQ (86.5%). The positive predictive value of SQ (98.3%) is more than CT-SS (78%) for detecting severe disease. The similarity of interobserver reliability obtained for both scores reiterates the respective cutoff CT scores proposed by the above systems, as 18 for SQ and 19.5 for CT-SS. Conclusion Both the SQ and CT-SS scores display excellent interobserver reliability. The CT-SS was more sensitive in detecting severe COVID pneumonia and may thus be preferred over the SQ as an initial radiological tool in predicting severity of infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng Q, Ye G, Pan Y, Xie W, Yang G, Li Z, Li Y. High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676560. [PMID: 34336884 PMCID: PMC8317577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: COVID-19 emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world. Testing strategies focussing on patients with COVID-19 require assays that are high-throughput, low-risk of infection, and with small sample volumes. Antigen surveillance can be used to identify exposure to pathogens and measure acute infections. Methods: A total of 914 serum samples, collected from 309 currently infected COVID-19 patients, 48 recovered ones, and 410 non-COVID-19 patients, were used to measure N protein antigen levels by a chemilumineseent immunoassay. Diagnostic performances were analyzed in different periods after onset. Results: There was a high level of N protein antigen in COVID-19 patients (0.56 COI), comparing to the recovered patients (0.12 COI) and controls (0.19 COI). In receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve of serum N protein antigen was 0.911 in the first week after onset. In this period, Sensitivity and specificity of serologic N protein antigen testing was 76.27 and 98.78%. Diagnosis performance of specific antibodies became better from the third week after onset. Subgroup analysis suggested that severe patients had higher levels of antigens than mild patients. Conclusions: High level of serum antigen suggested early infection and serious illness. Serum N protein antigen testing by chemiluminescence immunoassay is considered as a viable assay used to improve diagnostic sensitivity for current patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangming Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alibakhshi A, Ahangarzadeh S, Beikmohammadi L, Soltanmohammadi B, Alagheband Bahrami A, Ranjbar MM, Mohammadi E. Computational design of a potential therapeutic peptide against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416521500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040363. [PMID: 33917858 PMCID: PMC8068236 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74–4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread.
Collapse
|