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Siebert S, Pennington SR, Raychaudhuri SP, Chaudhari AJ, Jin JQ, Liao W, Chandran V, FitzGerald O. Novel Insights From Basic Science in Psoriatic Disease at the GRAPPA 2022 Annual Meeting. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:66-70. [PMID: 37527860 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent basic science advances in psoriatic disease (PsD) were presented and discussed at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2022 annual meeting. Topics included clinical applications of biomarkers, what the future of biomarkers for PsD may hold, the challenges of developing biomarker research to the point of clinical utility, advances in total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, and emerging concepts from single-cell studies in PsD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Siebert
- S. Siebert, MD, PhD, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siba P Raychaudhuri
- S.P. Raychaudhuri, MD, Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, UC Davis School of Medicine and Northern California Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, California, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- A.J. Chaudhari, PhD, Department of Radiology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joy Q Jin
- J.Q. Jin, AB, School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- W. Liao, MD, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- V. Chandran, DM, PhD, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathobiology and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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2
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Tabassum A, Ali A, Zahedi FD, Ismail NAS. Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D on Gut Microbiome in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051441. [PMID: 37239112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and can be linked to the alteration of the gut microbiome, which leads to several immunological diseases. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between Vitamin D and children's gut microbiome, as well as its impact towards the immune system. We have systematically collated relevant studies from different databases concerning changes in the gut microbiome of children from infants to 18 years old associated with Vitamin D and the immunological pathways. The studies utilized 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal matter with or without Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D levels. Ten studies were selected for the review, among which eight studies showed significant alterations in the gut microbiome related to Vitamin D supplementation or Vitamin D levels. The taxa of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the most altered in these studies. The alteration of the taxa alters the Th1 and Th2 pathways and changes the immune response. We will discuss how Vitamin D may contribute to the activation of immune pathways via its effects on intestinal barrier function, microbiome composition, and/or direct effects on immune responses. In conclusion, the studies examined in this review have provided evidence that Vitamin D levels may have an impact on the composition of children's gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farah Dayana Zahedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Giustina A, di Filippo L, Allora A, Bikle DD, Cavestro GM, Feldman D, Latella G, Minisola S, Napoli N, Trasciatti S, Uygur M, Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions: A bidirectional relationship? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:121-138. [PMID: 36813995 PMCID: PMC9946876 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper is one of the outcomes of the 5th International Conference "Controversies in Vitamin D" held in Stresa, Italy from 15 to 18 September 2021 as part of a series of annual meetings which was started in 2017. The scope of these meetings is to discuss controversial issues about vitamin D. Publication of the outcomes of the meeting in international journals allows a wide sharing of the most recent data with the medical and academic community. Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions was one of the topics discussed at the meeting and focus of this paper. Participants to the meeting were invited to review available literature on selected issues related to vitamin D and gastrointestinal system and to present their topic to all participants with the aim to initiate a discussion on the main outcomes of which are reported in this document. The presentations were focused on the possible bidirectional relationship between vitamin D and gastrointestinal malabsorptive conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and bariatric surgery. In fact, on one hand the impact of these conditions on vitamin D status was examined and on the other hand the possible role of hypovitaminosis D on pathophysiology and clinical course of these conditions was also evaluated. All examined malabsorptive conditions severely impair vitamin D status. Since vitamin D has known positive effects on bone this in turn may contribute to negative skeletal outcomes including reduced bone mineral density, and increased risk of fracture which may be mitigated by vitamin D supplementation. Due to the immune and metabolic extra-skeletal effects there is the possibility that low levels of vitamin D may negatively impact on the underlying gastrointestinal conditions worsening its clinical course or counteracting the effect of treatment. Therefore, vitamin D status assessment and supplementation should be routinely considered in all patients affected by these conditions. This concept is strengthened by the existence of a possible bidirectional relationship through which poor vitamin D status may negatively impact on clinical course of underlying disease. Sufficient elements are available to estimate the desired threshold vitamin D level above which a favourable impact on the skeleton in these conditions may be obtained. On the other hand, ad hoc controlled clinical trials are needed to better define this threshold for obtaining a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on occurrence and clinical course of malabsorptive gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Allora
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - David Feldman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melin Uygur
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, RTE University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
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4
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Gholami H, Chmiel JA, Burton JP, Maleki Vareki S. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041300. [PMID: 36831641 PMCID: PMC9954268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all cancer patients who receive immunotherapy respond positively and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may be linked to treatment efficacy. Though mechanisms of microbial contributions to the immune response have been postulated, one likely function is the supply of basic co-factors to the host including selected vitamins. Bacteria, fungi, and plants can produce their own vitamins, whereas humans primarily obtain vitamins from exogenous sources, yet despite the significance of microbial-derived vitamins as crucial immune system modulators, the microbiota is an overlooked source of these nutrients in humans. Microbial-derived vitamins are often shared by gut bacteria, stabilizing bioenergetic pathways amongst microbial communities. Compositional changes in gut microbiota can affect metabolic pathways that alter immune function. Similarly, the immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining the gut microbiota, which parenthetically affects vitamin biosynthesis. Here we elucidate the immune-interactive mechanisms underlying the effects of these microbially derived vitamins and how they can potentially enhance the activity of immunotherapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Gholami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John A. Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Jeremy P. Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.P.B.); (S.M.V.); Tel.: +1-519-685-8500 (ext. 55769) (S.M.V.)
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.P.B.); (S.M.V.); Tel.: +1-519-685-8500 (ext. 55769) (S.M.V.)
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5
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Larsen PE, Dai Y. Modeling interaction networks between host, diet, and bacteria predicts obesogenesis in a mouse model. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1059094. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1059094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions are known to have substantial effects on human health, but the diversity of the human microbiome makes it difficult to definitively attribute specific microbiome features to a host phenotype. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to use animal models of host-microbiome interaction, but it must be determined that relevant aspects of host-microbiome interactions are reflected in the animal model. One such experimental validation is an experiment by Ridura et al. In that experiment, transplanting a microbiome from a human into a mouse also conferred the human donor’s obesity phenotype. We have aggregated a collection of previously published host-microbiome mouse-model experiments and combined it with thousands of sequenced and annotated bacterial genomes and metametabolomic pathways. Three computational models were generated, each model reflecting an aspect of host-microbiome interactions: 1) Predict the change in microbiome community structure in response to host diet using a community interaction network, 2) Predict metagenomic data from microbiome community structure, and 3) Predict host obesogenesis from modeled microbiome metagenomic data. These computationally validated models were combined into an integrated model of host-microbiome-diet interactions and used to replicate the Ridura experiment in silico. The results of the computational models indicate that network-based models are significantly more predictive than similar but non-network-based models. Network-based models also provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms of host-microbiome interaction by highlighting metabolites and metabolic pathways proposed to be associated with microbiome-based obesogenesis. While the models generated in this study are likely too specific to the animal models and experimental conditions used to train our models to be of general utility in a broader understanding of obesogenesis, the approach detailed here is expected to be a powerful tool of investigating multiple types of host-microbiome interactions.
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6
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Seijo M, Bonanno MN, Bryk G, Zeni Coronel ME, Pita Martin de Portela ML, Zeni SN. Does Vitamin D Insufficiency Influence Prebiotic Effect on Calcium Absorption and Bone Retention? Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:300-312. [PMID: 35505249 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Higher calcium (Ca) absorption would partially compensate for Ca intake below requirements for bone health. Previously, we found that GOS/FOS prebiotic mixture (PM) increases Ca absorption in the colon and retention in bone. Ca absorption and retention are regulated by vitamin D (VD). Hence, it is relevant to explore whether VD insufficiency influences the effect of the PM in the colon. The effect of the PM on Ca, phosphate (IP), and magnesium (Mg) absorption and retention under conditions of VD sufficiency and insufficiency (VDInsuff) was compared using a preclinical model of VDInsuff and low bone mass. Ovariectomized rats were fed isocaloric semisynthetic diets according to AIN-93 M. The diets varied in Ca (0.5% or 0.3%), VD [100 IU% (+ D) or 0 IU% (- D)], and PM (2.5% or 0%) content. The following eight groups were studied: + D0.5; + D0.3; + DPM0.5; + DPM0.3; - D0.5; - D0.3; - DPM0.5; and - DPM0.3. Irrespective of Ca content, VDInsuff did not affect the prebiotic effect of the PM on caecum pH, lactobacillus colony growth, or Mg absorption but significantly decreased its effect on colonic crypt length and cell/crypt and Ca and IP absorption. The PM failed to counterbalance the pro-inflammatory effect of VDInsuff. Moreover, bone retention i.e., bone mineral content and density, bone volume, and bone quality parameters were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and bone turnover significantly was higher (p < 0.05). Although the PM is a useful tool to improve mineral absorption and bone retention, it would seem important to monitor VD nutritional status to ensure the full prebiotic effect in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Seijo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina N Bonanno
- Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Embryology and Histology, School of Dentistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Bryk
- Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory Division, Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Magali E Zeni Coronel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Sciences (FVet), UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Susana N Zeni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- , Cordoba Ave 2351, 8th floor, Zip Code 1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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TOKARCHUK A, ABENAVOLI L, KOBYLIAK N, KHOMENKO M, REVUN M, DOLGAIA N, MOLOCHEK N, TSYRYUK O, GARNYTSKA A, KONAKH V, PELLICANO R, FAGOONEE S, OSTAPCHENKO L, FALALYEYEVA T. Nutrition program, physical activity and gut microbiota modulation: a randomized controlled trial to promote a healthy lifestyle in students with vitamin D3 deficiency. Minerva Med 2022; 113:683-694. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Vaccaro JA, Qasem A, Naser SA. Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) During M. paratuberculosis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:875772. [PMID: 35444957 PMCID: PMC9014016 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.875772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key regulator in calcium and phosphorus metabolism which are essential for maintaining bone health. Recent reports also showed a role for vitamin D in immune regulation which may be linked to vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune disorders including inflammatory diseases and Crohn’s disease (CD). This study examines the role of vitamin D deficiency in the regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in CD-like macrophages. The latter includes macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from CD patient. Initially, we measured cathelicidin and calcitriol in ex vivo plasma samples from CD patients with or without MAP infection (N=40 per group). We also measured the expression and production of CAMP/LL-37, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, cellular oxidative stress markers, and bacterial viability following treatment of MAP-infected macrophages with four different forms of vitamin D (D2, D3, calcifediol, and calcitriol). From these studies, we determined that LL-37 and calcitriol were significantly lower in CD samples from MAP-positive patients [155.55 ± 49.77 ng/mL and 51.48 ± 31.04 pg/mL, respectively] compared to MAP-negative patients [193.01 ± 78.95 ng/mL and 272.36 ± 94.77 pg/mL, respectively]. Moreover, calcitriol and calcifediol upregulated CAMP expression by nearly 5-fold and 3-fold, respectively. However, following MAP infection, only calcitriol increased CAMP by 3-folds. Both calcitriol and LL-37 reduced intracellular MAP viability by ~3 folds and inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β expression and production in these cells. Treating co-culture of Caco-2 monolayers and MAP-infected macrophages with LL-37 or calcitriol have shown a reduction in NOX-1 expression and DHE signal, in addition to a higher NADPH/NADPt ratio. Notably, calcitriol’s anti-inflammatory effects were lost upon CAMP knockdown by CAMP-siRNA transfection. Altogether, the data indicate that MAP infection and burden is significant in CD by disrupting the conversion of calcifediol to calcitriol and downregulation of CAMP expression leading to vitamin D deficiency.
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Jiang Y, Wan Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Yu J, Yuan D, Xiang S, Du F, Wu X, Li M, Chen Y, Xiao Z, Wen Q, Hu W, Shen J. Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Treated With Vitamin D3 or Cathelicidin. Front Oncol 2022; 11:700038. [PMID: 35004267 PMCID: PMC8732771 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex aggregation of microbial organisms, which offers diverse protective benefits to the host. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is frequently associated with many diseases. Vitamin D3 (VD), which was originally associated with bone health, also possesses antimicrobial activities and can act through antimicrobial peptide. Cathelicidin is a type of antimicrobial peptide in host to maintain the balance of gut microbiome. Our current study sought to evaluate the protective effect of VD and cathelicidin in mice intestines by administration of VD or mCRAMP-encoding L. lactis. We herein provided a comprehensive profile of the impact of VD and mCRAMP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Our results revealed an increased richness of bacterial community in mice intestines due to VD administration. Moreover, we showed a beneficial effect of VD and mCRAMP by enhancing the colonization of bacterial taxa that are associated with protective effects to the host but repressing the propagation of bacterial taxa that are associated with harmful effects to the host. Various metabolic pathways related to amino acid and lipid metabolism were affected in this process. We further established a bacterial panel as a reliable biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of remodeling the mice gut microbiota by VD and mCRAMP administration. The uncovered effects will deepen the comprehension about the antibacterial mechanisms of VD and mCRAMP and provide new insights for therapeutic implication of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongshun Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Donghong Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shixin Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy & Cell Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Kiasat A, Granström AL, Stenberg E, Gustafsson UO, Marsk R. The risk of inflammatory bowel disease after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 18:343-350. [PMID: 35012883 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between bariatric surgery and new onset of inflammatory bowel disease has so far only been sparsely studied and with conflicting results. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between bariatric surgery and inflammatory bowel disease in a large population-based cohort. SETTING Nationwide in Sweden. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study included Swedish individuals registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry who underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy during 2007-2018. Ten control individuals from the general population were matched according to age, sex, and region of residence at time of exposure. The study population was followed until 2019 with regard to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare disease-free survival time between subgroups and control individuals for each outcome. RESULTS The final cohort consisted of 64,188 exposed individuals with a total follow-up of 346,860 person-years and 634,530 controls with total follow-up of 3,444,186 person-years. Individuals who underwent Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass had an increased risk of later development of Crohn's disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.2) and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0-3.7) but not ulcerative colitis (HR .9, 95% CI .8-1.1) compared with control individuals, whereas individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy had an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1) but not Crohn's disease (HR .8, 95% CI .3-2.1) and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (HR 2.5, 95% CI .8-7.8). CONCLUSIONS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease, whereas sleeve gastrectomy was associated with increased risk of ulcerative colitis only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiasat
- Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Löf Granström
- Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Stenberg
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ulf O Gustafsson
- Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Marsk
- Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Sugimoto M, Takagi T, Suzuki R, Konno N, Asama H, Sato Y, Irie H, Okubo Y, Nakamura J, Takasumi M, Hashimoto M, Kato T, Kobashi R, Hikichi T, Ohira H. Mirogabalin vs pregabalin for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1319. [PMID: 34886831 PMCID: PMC8656082 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been improved by new chemotherapy regimens (combination of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP)). Unfortunately, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse event of these two regimens. The efficacy of pregabalin for CIPN has been reported in previous studies. However, the efficacy of mirogabalin for CIPN remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to clarify which drug (mirogabalin or pregabalin) was more valuable for improving CIPN. Methods A total of 163 PC patients who underwent FOLFIRINOX or GnP between May 2014 and January 2021 were enrolled. Among them, 34 patients were diagnosed with CIPN. Thirteen patients were treated with mirogabalin (mirogabalin group), and twenty-one patients were treated with pregabalin (pregabalin group). Treatment efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results In both the mirogabalin group and the pregabalin group, the grade of patients with CIPN at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the initiation of treatment showed significant improvement compared to the pretreatment grade. Notably, the rate of CIPN improvement was higher in the mirogabalin group than in the pregabalin group (2 weeks: 84.6% (11/13) vs 33.3% (7/21), P value = 0.005; 4 weeks, 6 weeks: 92.3% (12/13) vs 33.3% (7/21), P value = 0.001). Conclusions Although both mirogabalin and pregabalin were effective at improving CIPN, mirogabalin might be a suitable first choice for CIPN in PC patients. Trial registration Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Konno
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asama
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mika Takasumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsunetaka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kobashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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12
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Sabatschus I, Bösl I, Prevoo M, Eerdekens M, Sprünken A, Galm O, Forstner M. Comparative Benefit-Risk Assessment for Lidocaine 700 mg Medicated Plaster and Pregabalin in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Following a Structured Framework Approach. Pain Ther 2021; 11:73-91. [PMID: 34792789 PMCID: PMC8861254 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is difficult to treat. Several oral drugs are recommended as first-line treatments. Nevertheless, many patients cannot obtain sufficient pain relief or do not tolerate systemically active treatments. Topical treatments, with a lower risk of systemic side effects such as lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster, are also recommended in treatment guidelines. This analysis compares the benefit–risk balance of topical 700 mg lidocaine medicated plaster with the benefit–risk balance of oral pregabalin administration for the treatment of PNP following current recommendations on benefit–risk assessment (BRA) methodology. Methods The Benefit–Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework was used as structured approach. Selection of key benefits and risks was supported by a patient survey. Published randomized controlled clinical trials were the main source to identify data related to key benefits and risks. The outcome of randomized clinical trials was compared with real-world evidence (RWE) data for consistency. Results Identified key benefits were pain reduction and improvement in quality of life. Key risks identified were application site reactions, dizziness, confusion, weight gain, peripheral edema, and blurred vision. Overall, there was similarity in key benefits between the comparators; however, a clear advantage regarding key risks in favor of lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster was observed. This observation was consistent across data from a direct comparison trial, randomized placebo-controlled trials, as well as data from RWE studies. The low number of randomized controlled trials for lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster was the main limitation. Conclusion Guided by the opinion of patients regarding key benefits and risks deemed important for treatments of peripheral neuropathic pain, our analysis showed that lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster has a more favorable benefit–risk balance compared to pregabalin (300 and 600 mg daily). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40122-021-00340-2.
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13
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Yadav M, Chauhan NS. Microbiome therapeutics: exploring the present scenario and challenges. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 10:goab046. [PMID: 35382166 PMCID: PMC8972995 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut-microbiome explorations have enriched our understanding of microbial colonization, maturation, and dysbiosis in health-and-disease subsets. The enormous metabolic potential of gut microbes and their role in the maintenance of human health is emerging, with new avenues to use them as therapeutic agents to overcome human disorders. Microbiome therapeutics are aimed at engineering the gut microbiome using additive, subtractive, or modulatory therapy with an application of native or engineered microbes, antibiotics, bacteriophages, and bacteriocins. This approach could overcome the limitation of conventional therapeutics by providing personalized, harmonized, reliable, and sustainable treatment. Its huge economic potential has been shown in the global therapeutics market. Despite the therapeutic and economical potential, microbiome therapeutics is still in the developing stage and is facing various technical and administrative issues that require research attention. This review aims to address the current knowledge and landscape of microbiome therapeutics, provides an overview of existing health-and-disease applications, and discusses the potential future directions of microbiome modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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14
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Matthews SW, Heitkemper MM, Kamp K. Early Evidence Indicates Vitamin D Improves Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Nursing Implications and Future Research Opportunities. Gastroenterol Nurs 2021; 44:426-436. [PMID: 34690298 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects approximately 11.2% of the population. Yet, full understanding of its etiology and optimal treatment remains elusive. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of IBS has been limited. However, research is beginning to identify the cause as multifactorial (e.g., low-grade local mucosal inflammation, systemic immune activation, altered intestinal permeability, intestinal hypersensitivity, altered central nervous system processing, changes in intestinal microbiota). Understanding of the role of vitamin D in intestinal inflammation, immunity, and gastrointestinal conditions is increasing but is not yet fully understood. Growing evidence has linked vitamin D deficiency with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, and IBS. Several studies have demonstrated that individuals with IBS are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. Recent vitamin D supplementation studies have shown improvement in quality of life and reduction in IBS symptoms (including abdominal pain, distention, flatulence, constipation, and visceral sensitivity) but the mechanism remains unclear. Nurses are well positioned to educate patients about the importance of sufficient vitamin D for overall health in individuals with IBS as well as participate in well-designed therapeutic studies to explore whether enhanced vitamin D status will ultimately help treat IBS more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Matthews
- Sarah W. Matthews, DNP, MN, BSN, APRN, FNP-BC, is Assistant Professor, Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle; and Nurse Practitioner, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Bellevue
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, MN, BSN, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Chairperson, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
- Kendra Kamp, PhD, BSN, RN, is Assistant Professor, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
| | - Margaret M Heitkemper
- Sarah W. Matthews, DNP, MN, BSN, APRN, FNP-BC, is Assistant Professor, Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle; and Nurse Practitioner, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Bellevue
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, MN, BSN, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Chairperson, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
- Kendra Kamp, PhD, BSN, RN, is Assistant Professor, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
| | - Kendra Kamp
- Sarah W. Matthews, DNP, MN, BSN, APRN, FNP-BC, is Assistant Professor, Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle; and Nurse Practitioner, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Bellevue
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, MN, BSN, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Chairperson, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
- Kendra Kamp, PhD, BSN, RN, is Assistant Professor, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle
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15
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Yuen RCF, Tsao SY. Embracing cancer immunotherapy with vital micronutrients. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:712-724. [PMID: 34631438 PMCID: PMC8479349 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i9.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients, but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable. For severe, life-threatening side effects, cessation of therapy seems unavoidable, let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events. Even without serious adverse events, the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried. However, toxicities are also added on, unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects. Actually, micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function, let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects. Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, enhancing gut microbiota immune functions, and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients. A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism. This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy. As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’ quality of life, prolong survival, and sustain compliance to immunotherapy, further investigations are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C-F Yuen
- Department of Occupational and Family Medicine, Hosanna Clinic, Singapore 370051, Singapore
| | - Shiu-Ying Tsao
- Department of Clinical Research, Hong Kong SAR Oncology Centre, Hong Kong, China
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16
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In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095026. [PMID: 34068525 PMCID: PMC8126018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline and the risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been published over the last decade focusing on nutrition and how this impacts health. The main objective of the current article is to review the data linking the role of diet and nutrition with aging and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we discuss the roles of micronutrients and macronutrients and provide an overview of how the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis and nutrition impact brain function in general and cognitive processes in particular during aging. We propose that dietary interventions designed to optimize the levels of macro and micronutrients and maximize the functioning of the microbiota-gut-brain axis can be of therapeutic value for improving cognitive functioning, particularly during aging.
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17
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Lv BM, Quan Y, Zhang HY. Causal Inference in Microbiome Medicine: Principles and Applications. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:736-746. [PMID: 33895062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that colonize the mammalian skin and cavity play critical roles in various physiological functions of the host. Numerous studies have revealed strong associations between the microbiota and multiple diseases. However, association does not mean causation. To clarify the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated diseases, research is moving from associative analyses to causation studies. In this article, we first introduce the principles of the computational methods for causal inference, and then discuss the applications of these methods in microbiome medicine. Furthermore, we examine the reliability of theoretically inferred causality by the interventionist framework. Finally, we show the potential of confirmed causality in microbiota-targeted therapy, especially in personalized dietary intervention. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of the causal relationships between diets, microbiota, host targets, and diseases is critical to future microbiome medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Min Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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18
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Abstract
Despite the overwhelming prevalence of anxiety disorders in modern society, medications and psychotherapy often fail to achieve complete symptom resolution. A complementary approach to medicating symptoms is to address the underlying metabolic pathologies associated with mental illnesses and anxiety. This may be achieved through nutritional interventions. In this perspectives piece, we highlight the roles of the microbiome and inflammation as influencers of anxiety. We further discuss the evidence base for six specific nutritional interventions: avoiding artificial sweeteners and gluten, including omega-3 fatty acids and turmeric in the diet, supplementation with vitamin D, and ketogenic diets. We attempt to integrate insights from the nutrition science-literature in order to highlight some practices that practitioners may consider when treating individual patients. Notably, this piece is not meant to serve as a comprehensive review of the literature, but rather argue our perspective that nutritional interventions should be more widely considered among clinical psychiatrists. Nutritional psychiatry is in its infancy and more research is needed in this burgeoning low-risk and potentially high-yield field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Norwitz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Uma Naidoo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Lifestyle Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal A, Filip R. What was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103073. [PMID: 33050109 PMCID: PMC7600052 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition often leads to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis, which may predispose people to excess body weight and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), similar to the general population. Obesity may exert a negative effect on the course of IBD as well as reduce the response to treatment. Moreover, it may also be an additional risk factor for vein thromboembolism during the flare. In both obesity and IBD, it is of great importance to implement proper dietary ingredients that exert desirable effect on gut microbiota. The key to reducing body mass index (BMI) and alleviating the course of IBD is preserving healthy intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aneta Sokal
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Rafał Filip
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Medicine, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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20
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Badger-Emeka LI, AlJaziri ZY, Almulhim CF, Aldrees AS, AlShakhs ZH, AlAithan RI, Alothman FA. Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight. Microbiol Insights 2020; 13:1178636120945294. [PMID: 32782431 PMCID: PMC7388085 DOI: 10.1177/1178636120945294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has
access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency
in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a
correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum
vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation
on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on
body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4
groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg
(normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group
that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were
monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained
for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the
Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according
to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant
differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing
differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin
D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the
mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg
(high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation
with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could
reflect in changes in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology Division. College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa. Saudi Arabia
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21
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Simunovic M, Supe-Domic D, Karin Z, Degoricija M, Paradzik M, Skrabic R, Jukic A, Bozic J, Skrabic V. The Relationship of Vitamin D Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents. J Med Food 2020; 24:385-393. [PMID: 32783677 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of chronic diseases, including childhood obesity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents ranges from 6.5% to 57%. This cross-sectional study included 92 obese patients with body mass index z-score >2 and 39 subjects in the control group. Anthropometric and laboratory patient assessment were performed, including the fasting 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED index), while physical activity was evaluated by Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to the control group (52.0 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). The subgroup of obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to the subgroup of obese patients without MS and the control group (46.99 ± 17.11 vs. 54.58 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). Obese patients with MS had lower PAQ score when compared to obese without MS and the control group (2.32 ± 0.55 vs. 2.49 ± 0.67 vs. 2.85 ± 0.63 nmol/L, P = .002), while no significant differences were observed in the KIDMED index (4.23 ± 1.81 vs. 4.21 ± 2.13 vs. 4.87 ± 2.29, P = .251), respectively. PAQ score was in positive correlation with serum levels of 25(OH)D (r = 0.305, P < .001). This study demonstrated that obese children and adolescents have significantly lower values of serum 25(OH)D. The positive correlation between vitamin D and PAQ score points to the importance of physical activity in the prevention of further cardiovascular complications and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Simunovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Karin
- Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Degoricija
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Paradzik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Roko Skrabic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrija Jukic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Veselin Skrabic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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22
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Shi Y, Cui X, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Liu T. Intestinal vitamin D receptor signaling ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by suppressing necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:13494-13506. [PMID: 32779265 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000143rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status is closely related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study explored the effect of intestinal vitamin D signaling on necroptosis and the underlying mechanism in colitis. Serum 25(OH)D levels and the expression of necroptotic proteins were examined in patients with IBD. Colitis was induced in an intestinal-specific hVDR transgenic model, and the gross manifestation, histological integrity, and intestinal barrier function were tested. The findings were further confirmed in vitro. Immunoprecipitation and colocalization were performed to investigate the association between the vitamin D receptor and necroptotic proteins. We found that serum 25(OH)D decreased in patients with IBD, while the expression of necroptotic proteins increased. The intestinal hVDR transgenic model could largely ameliorate the structural destruction, restore barrier dysfunction, and suppress necroptosis caused by DSS. This was probably achieved by binding to RIPK1/3 necrosomes, as we observed decreased RIPK1/3 necrosome formation and increased VDR expression in the cytosol. This study demonstrated an inhibitory effect of the intestinal vitamin D signaling pathway on necroptosis in DSS-induced colitis. The vitamin D receptor shifts from the nucleus to the cytosol to impede the formation of RIPK1/3. Our findings may offer some theoretical basis for a novel treatment of IBD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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23
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Stacchiotti V, Rezzi S, Eggersdorfer M, Galli F. Metabolic and functional interplay between gut microbiota and fat-soluble vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3211-3232. [PMID: 32715724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In this context, the advent of modern bacterial genome sequencing technology has enabled the identification of dietary nutrients as key determinants of gut microbial ecosystem able to modulate the host-microbiome symbiotic relationship and its effects on human health. This article provides a literature review on functional and molecular interactions between a specific group of lipids and essential nutrients, e.g., fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), and the gut microbiota. A two-way relationship appears to emerge from the available literature with important effects on human metabolism, nutrition, GI physiology and immune function. First, FSV directly or indirectly modify the microbial composition involving for example immune system-mediated and/or metabolic mechanisms of bacterial growth or inhibition. Second, the gut microbiota influences at different levels the synthesis, metabolism and transport of FSV including their bioactive metabolites that are either introduced with the diet or released in the gut via entero-hepatic circulation. A better understanding of these interactions, and of their impact on intestinal and metabolic homeostasis, will be pivotal to design new and more efficient strategies of disease prevention and therapy, and personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Stacchiotti
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Vitamin Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Galli
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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24
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Ramalho R, Rao M, Zhang C, Agrati C, Ippolito G, Wang FS, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:279-313. [PMID: 32519148 PMCID: PMC7282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by nutrients is an important area of study in cellular biology and clinical sciences in the context of cancer therapies and anti-pathogen-directed immune responses in health and disease. We review metabolic pathways that influence immune cell function and cellular persistence in chronic infections. We also highlight the role of nutrients in altering the tissue microenvironment with lessons from the tumor microenvironment that shapes the quality and quantity of cellular immune responses. Multiple layers of biological networks, including the nature of nutritional supplements, the genetic background, previous exposures, and gut microbiota status have impact on cellular performance and immune competence against molecularly defined targets. We discuss how immune metabolism determines the differentiation pathway of antigen-specific immune cells and how these insights can be explored to devise better strategies to strengthen anti-pathogen-directed immune responses, while curbing unwanted, non-productive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Applied Nutrition Studies Group G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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25
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Eltokhi A, Janmaat IE, Genedi M, Haarman BCM, Sommer IEC. Dysregulation of synaptic pruning as a possible link between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1335-1369. [PMID: 32239720 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prenatal and early postnatal stages represent a critical time window for human brain development. Interestingly, this window partly overlaps with the maturation of the intestinal flora (microbiota) that play a critical role in the bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous systems (microbiota-gut-brain axis). The microbial composition has important influences on general health and the development of several organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system, and also the brain. Clinical studies have shown that microbiota alterations are associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. In this review, we dissect the link between these neuropsychiatric disorders and the intestinal microbiota by focusing on their effect on synaptic pruning, a vital process in the maturation and establishing efficient functioning of the brain. We discuss in detail how synaptic pruning is dysregulated differently in the aforementioned neuropsychiatric disorders and how it can be influenced by dysbiosis and/or changes in the intestinal microbiota composition. We also review that the improvement in the intestinal microbiota composition by a change in diet, probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may play a role in improving neuropsychiatric functioning, which can be at least partly explained via the optimization of synaptic pruning and neuronal connections. Altogether, the demonstration of the microbiota's influence on brain function via microglial-induced synaptic pruning addresses the possibility that the manipulation of microbiota-immune crosstalk represents a promising strategy for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Isabel E Janmaat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Genedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Carbone T, Pafundi V, Bizzaro N, Infantino M, Padula MC, Padula AA, D'Angelo S. Assessing vitamin D levels in an anti-DFS70 positive population: New insights emerging. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:231-236. [PMID: 32164458 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1736048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anti-dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) autoantibodies have more often been described in apparently healthy individuals than in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). The aim of this study was to explore the link between anti-DFS70 autoantibodies and vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in an Italian adult cohort.Methods: Serum samples from 34 (five males and 29 females) anti-DFS70 positive patients (index cases), 34 ANA-negative healthy controls, 34 ANA-positive anti-DFS70 negative SLE patients, both groups age- and gender-matched with the index cases, 23 ANA-positive anti-DFS70 negative healthy blood donors and six female SARD patients showing mixed DFS positive pattern were collected and tested for 25(OH)D levels. Relevant demographics and lifestyle practices, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and use of medication were recorded for patients and healthy controls.Results: Mean serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly higher in anti-DFS70 positive subjects (mean ± SD: 22.1 ± 9.8 ng/ml) than in ANA-negative healthy controls (mean ± SD: 17.3 ± 6.7 ng/ml; p = .03), ANA-positive healthy controls (mean ± SD: 15.2 ± 6.8 ng/ml; p = .01), SLE patients (16.6 ± 11.0 ng/ml; p = .01) and in patients with SARD (15.0 ± 5.6 ng/ml; p = .01). No statistically relevant differences in BMI, clinical, or demographic parameters were found.Conclusions: Our findings showed higher levels of vitamin D in anti-DFS70 positive subjects than in the controls, which is compatible with the hypothesis of the "benign" nature of anti-DFS70 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbone
- IReL - Rheumatology Institute of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy.,Immunopathology Laboratory, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vito Pafundi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Bizzaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, San Antonio Hospital, Tolmezzo, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Laboratory of Immunology-Allergology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Angela Anna Padula
- IReL - Rheumatology Institute of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Angelo
- IReL - Rheumatology Institute of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
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27
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Yang Q, Liang Q, Balakrishnan B, Belobrajdic DP, Feng QJ, Zhang W. Role of Dietary Nutrients in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E381. [PMID: 32023943 PMCID: PMC7071260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dietary nutrients modulate the gut microbiome is of great interest for the development of food products and eating patterns for combatting the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this narrative review we assess scientific studies published from 2005 to 2019 that evaluated the effect of micro- and macro-nutrients on the composition of the gut microbiome using in vitro and in vivo models, and human clinical trials. The clinical evidence for micronutrients is less clear and generally lacking. However, preclinical evidence suggests that red wine- and tea-derived polyphenols and vitamin D can modulate potentially beneficial bacteria. Current research shows consistent clinical evidence that dietary fibers, including arabinoxylans, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, and oligofructose, promote a range of beneficial bacteria and suppress potentially detrimental species. The preclinical evidence suggests that both the quantity and type of fat modulate both beneficial and potentially detrimental microbes, as well as the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that the type and amount of proteins in the diet has substantial and differential effects on the gut microbiota. Further clinical investigation of the effect of micronutrients and macronutrients on the microbiome and metabolome is warranted, along with understanding how this influences host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Tai Yuan 030619, China;
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Qian-Jin Feng
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Tai Yuan 030619, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
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28
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Abstract
We are in the midst of “the microbiome revolution”—not a day goes by without some new revelation on the potential role of the gut microbiome in some disease or disorder. From an ever-increasing recognition of the many roles of the gut microbiome in health and disease comes the expectation that its modulation could treat or prevent these very same diseases. A variety of interventions could, at least in theory, be employed to alter the composition or functional capacity of the microbiome, ranging from diet to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). For some, such as antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics, an extensive, albeit far from consistent, literature already exists; for others, such as other dietary supplements and FMT, high-quality clinical studies are still relatively few in number. Not surprisingly, researchers have turned to the microbiome itself as a source for new entities that could be used therapeutically to manipulate the microbiome; for example, some probiotic strains currently in use were sourced from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans. From all of the extant studies of interventions targeted at the gut microbiome, a number of important themes have emerged. First, with relatively few exceptions, we are still a long way from a precise definition of the role of the gut microbiome in many of the diseases where a disturbed microbiome has been described—association does not prove causation. Second, while animal models can provide fascinating insights into microbiota–host interactions, they rarely recapitulate the complete human phenotype. Third, studies of several interventions have been difficult to interpret because of variations in study population, test product, and outcome measures, not to mention limitations in study design. The goal of microbiome modulation is a laudable one, but we need to define our targets, refine our interventions, and agree on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Prianka Gajula
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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29
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Huang R, Xiang J, Zhou P. Vitamin D, gut microbiota, and radiation-related resistance: a love-hate triangle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:493. [PMID: 31843023 PMCID: PMC6915920 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation resistance is a serious issue in radiotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation resistance. Vitamin D is an important supplement for cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Against this background, this paper reviewed research regarding the associations among vitamin D, microbiota dysbiosis, and radiation resistance. A hypothesis is developed to describe the relationships among vitamin D, the gut microbiota, and radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy changes the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn influence the serum level of vitamin D, and its distribution and metabolism in the body. Alteration of vitamin D level influences the patient response to radiotherapy, where the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the intestinal microenvironment, immune molecules in the intestines, gut microbiome metabolites, and signaling pathways associated with vitamin D receptors. Our understanding of the contribution of vitamin D and the gut microbiota to radiotherapy outcomes has been increasing gradually. A better understanding of the relationships among vitamin D, the gut microbiota, and radiotherapy outcomes will shed more light on radiation resistance, and also promote the development of new strategies for overcoming it, thus addressing an important challenge associated with the currently available radiotherapy modalities for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, 100850, China.
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30
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Gubatan J, Chou ND, Nielsen OH, Moss AC. Systematic review with meta-analysis: association of vitamin D status with clinical outcomes in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:1146-1158. [PMID: 31647134 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with IBD, however, data on its association with clinical outcomes are conflicting. AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association of low vitamin D status with clinical outcomes in patients with IBD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to February 2018 for observational studies evaluating the association of low 25(OH)D status on IBD disease activity, mucosal inflammation, clinical relapse and quality of life. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled and analysed using a random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were eligible for inclusion comprising 8316 IBD patients (3115 ulcerative colitis, 5201 Crohn's disease). Among IBD patients, low 25(OH)D status was associated with increased odds of disease activity (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.32-1.77, I2 = 0%), mucosal inflammation (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.47, I2 = 0%), low quality of life (QOL) scores (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60, I2 = 0%) and future clinical relapse (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47, I2 = 0%). In subgroup analysis, low vitamin D status was associated with Crohn's disease activity (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.03, I2 = 0%), mucosal inflammation (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.85, I2 = 0%), clinical relapse (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59, I2 = 0%), and low QOL scores (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50, I2 = 0%) and ulcerative colitis disease activity (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09, I2 = 0%) and clinical relapse (OR 1.20, 95% 1.01-1.43, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D status is a biomarker for disease activity and predictor of poor clinical outcomes in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi D Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Vargas-Robles H, Castro-Ochoa KF, Citalán-Madrid AF, Schnoor M. Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4181-4198. [PMID: 31435172 PMCID: PMC6700707 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide. The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold, and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis. While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable, chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases) are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation. There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. Unfortunately, most drugs can have severe side effects. Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models, and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies. Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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32
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Off-label Antidepressant Use for Treatment and Management of Chronic Pain: Evolving Understanding and Comprehensive Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019; 23:66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-019-0803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays a role not only in calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also in several other functions, including cell growth and neuromuscular and immune function. The deficiency of vitamin D is highly prevalent throughout the world and has been suggested to be associated with an enhanced risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation has been investigated for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. This review presents preclinical and clinical evidence of the effects of vitamin D supplementation in these disorders. Although preclinical studies provide limited evidence on the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of vitamin D for the management of these disorders, most of the clinical studies have indicated that vitamin D supplementation is associated with the reduction of symptoms of depression and anxiety, particularly when the supplementation was carried out in individuals with an MDD diagnosis (of the 13 studies in which MDD diagnosis was established, 12 had positive results with vitamin supplementation). However, some heterogeneity in the outcomes was observed and might be associated with an absence of overt psychiatric symptoms in several studies, genetic polymorphisms that alter vitamin D metabolism and bioavailability, differences in the supplementation regimen (monotherapy, adjunctive therapy, or large bolus dosing), and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) at baseline (individuals with low vitamin D status may respond better) and attained after supplementation. Additionally, factors such as sex, age, and symptom severity also need to be further explored in relation to the effects of vitamin D. Therefore, although vitamin D may hold significant potential for mental health, further preclinical and clinical studies are clearly necessary to better understand its role on mood/affect modulation.
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34
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Kagolanu D, Levine I, Katz S. The Role of Vitamin D in Elderly Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2019; 15:28-34. [PMID: 30899205 PMCID: PMC6423690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D has long been discussed in many chronic diseases, and its significance in inflammatory bowel disease has recently gained attention. This article reviews vitamin D homeostasis, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease, and vitamin D deficiency as a result of inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, this article explores the possibility of age, specifically in the elderly population, as a risk factor for developing vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Kagolanu
- Dr Kagolanu is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at Nassau University Medical Center in East Meadow, New York
- Dr Levine is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at NYU Langone Health in New York, New York
- Dr Katz is a professor in the Department of Gastroenterology at NYU Langone Health
| | - Irving Levine
- Dr Kagolanu is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at Nassau University Medical Center in East Meadow, New York
- Dr Levine is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at NYU Langone Health in New York, New York
- Dr Katz is a professor in the Department of Gastroenterology at NYU Langone Health
| | - Seymour Katz
- Dr Kagolanu is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at Nassau University Medical Center in East Meadow, New York
- Dr Levine is a medical resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at NYU Langone Health in New York, New York
- Dr Katz is a professor in the Department of Gastroenterology at NYU Langone Health
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