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de la Rosa-Carrillo D, de Granda-Orive JI, Diab Cáceres L, Gutiérrez Pereyra F, Raboso Moreno B, Martínez-García MÁ, Suárez-Cuartin G. The impact of smoking on bronchiectasis and its comorbidities. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:255-268. [PMID: 38888096 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2369716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis, characterized by irreversible bronchial dilatation, is a growing global health concern with significant morbidity. This review delves into the intricate relationship between smoking and bronchiectasis, examining its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic approaches. Our comprehensive literature search on PubMed utilized MESH terms including 'smoking,' 'smoking cessation,' 'bronchiectasis,' and 'comorbidities' to gather relevant studies. AREAS COVERED This review emphasizes the role of smoking in bronchiectasis development and exacerbation by compromising airways and immune function. Interconnected comorbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, create a detrimental cycle affecting patient outcomes. Despite limited studies on smoking cessation in bronchiectasis, the review stresses its importance. Advocating for tailored cessation programs, interventions like drainage, bronchodilators, and targeted antibiotics are crucial to disrupting the inflammatory-infection-widening cycle. EXPERT OPINION The importance of smoking cessation in bronchiectasis management is paramount due to its extensive negative impact on related conditions. Proactive cessation programs utilizing technology and targeted education for high-risk groups aim to reduce smoking's impact on disease progression and related comorbidities. In conclusion, a personalized approach centered on smoking cessation is deemed vital for bronchiectasis, aiming to improve outcomes and enhance patients' quality of life in the face of this complex respiratory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ignacio de Granda-Orive
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Layla Diab Cáceres
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Rømer V, Fosgaard MB, Sivapalan P, Eklöf J, Saeed MI, Toennesen LL, Svorre Jordan A, Gissel T, Johansson SL, Jensen JUS. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisation in persons with bronchiectasis during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001517. [PMID: 38016706 PMCID: PMC10685970 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with bronchiectasis have a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia. Social distancing measures, implemented to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2, could potentially reduce the incidence of other infectious diseases. RESEARCH QUESTION Was the COVID-19 lockdown period, along with accompanying social distancing measures, associated with reduced hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia and decreased overall mortality rates among individuals with bronchiectasis? METHODS Social distancing measures were introduced in Denmark by 12 March 2020 and were preserved until 20 May 2020 (social distancing period), after which the measures were gradually dismissed. The study included all adults (≥18 years) with bronchiectasis residing in Denmark. Confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospital admission, death of all causes and respiratory antibiotic treatment in the 10-week social distancing period in 2020, compared with the same dates in 2019. 9344 persons were included in the study. RESULTS In the social distancing period, the incidence rate of pneumonia-hospitalisation per 10 000 person-weeks was 9.2 compared with 13.8 in the reference period. This reduction corresponds to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.88, p<0.01). Mortality was unchanged (IRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.32, p=0.58). Fewer persons received respiratory antibiotics (IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The social distancing period was associated with a lower incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisations and respiratory antibiotic treatments in persons with bronchiectasis while all-cause mortality remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Rømer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Martina Bjørka Fosgaard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Josefin Eklöf
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mohamad Isam Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Louise Lindhardt Toennesen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Alexander Svorre Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tina Gissel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | | | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- PERSIMUNE & CHIP: Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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Nicola A, Oancea C, Barata PI, Adelina M, Mateescu T, Manolescu D, Bratosin F, Fericean RM, Pingilati RA, Paleru C. Health-Related Quality of Life and Stress-Related Disorders in Patients with Bronchiectasis after Pulmonary Resection. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1310. [PMID: 37763078 PMCID: PMC10532533 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This multicenter, cross-sectional study investigates the potential correlation between the development of bronchiectasis after lung resection surgery and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the patients. The study aims to provide new insights into the long-term outcomes of patients post-lung resection surgery. The study includes adult patients who underwent lung resection surgery for suspicious lung nodules and developed bronchiectasis within a follow-up period of six months. Bronchiectasis was confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography scans. The patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders were assessed using WHOQOL-BREF, SF-36, HADS, and PSS-10 questionnaires. Out of the 135 patients included in the study, 44 developed bronchiectasis after lung resection surgery. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of demographics and medical history. Patients with bronchiectasis demonstrated a lower overall health status, increased deterioration of respiratory symptoms, lower physical activity levels, lower quality of life scores, and experienced more severe anxiety symptoms. Additionally, patients in this group also perceived higher levels of stress; although, the correlation with physical functioning was contradictory. The development of bronchiectasis post-lung resection surgery was associated with poorer quality of life, increased respiratory symptoms, higher anxiety levels, and increased perception of stress. While the correlation between bronchiectasis and HRQoL was statistically significant, the contradictory correlations with stress and physical functioning call for further research. This study underscores the importance of ongoing patient monitoring and the detailed evaluation of respiratory function following lung resection surgery for lung nodules, especially among those who develop bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Nicola
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (F.B.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.O.); (P.I.B.)
| | - Paula Irina Barata
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.O.); (P.I.B.)
| | - Mavrea Adelina
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Clinic, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Mateescu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (F.B.); (R.M.F.)
- Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Department of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (F.B.); (R.M.F.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Manuela Fericean
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (F.B.); (R.M.F.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raja Akshay Pingilati
- Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram Main Road 138, Hyderabad 500055, India;
| | - Cristian Paleru
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucuresti, Romania;
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Araújo AS, Figueiredo MR, Lomonaco I, Lundgren F, Mesquita R, Pereira EDB. Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Systemic Inflammation and Exercise Capacity in Bronchiectasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Lung 2022; 200:409-417. [PMID: 35543710 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition that is becoming a global health concern. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on systemic inflammation, exercise capacity, and quality of life in participants with bronchiectasis. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive PR (outpatient, three weekly sessions for 3 months) or control intervention (usual care + airway clearance therapy + breathing exercises). Data on laboratory (fibrinogen level) and patient-centered outcomes such as physical fitness [6-min walk test (6MWT)] and quality of life were collected. RESULTS A total of 41 participants were evaluated (20 in the intervention group and 21 in the control group). The magnitude of change between baseline and the end of study was greater in the PR group than in the control group-the 6MWT distance increased by a mean of 54 m (54 vs 12 m; p < 0.01), fibrinogen showed a significant reduction (fibrinogen - 92.8 versus - 47.1 mg/dl; p < 0.01), and quality of life improved according to Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (- 7.5 vs 3.2; p < 0.01), which exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of 4 points. CONCLUSION PR effectively improved physical fitness, quality of life, and the degree of systemic inflammation, as reflected by changes in 6 MWT, fibrinogen levels and SGRQ scores. This study supports the inclusion of people with bronchiectasis in supervised PR programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Souza Araújo
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Mara Rúbia Figueiredo
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Isabella Lomonaco
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60140000, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Mesquita
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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