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Al-Taweel S, Al-Saraireh Y, Al-Trawneh S, Alshahateet S, Al- Tarawneh R, Ayed N, Alkhojah M, AL-Khaboori W, Zereini W, Al-Qaralleh O. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ciprofloxacin - 1,2,3-triazole hybrids as antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22592. [PMID: 38125538 PMCID: PMC10731006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Six novel ciprofloxacin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (6a-f) were synthesized via click reaction, by reacting of methyl 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(4-(3-oxobutanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (5) with various aryl azides (9a-f). The new compounds were characterized using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Compounds (6a-f) screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against three cell lines, namely, non-small cell lung cancer (A549), glioblastoma (U-87 MG), and breast cancer (MCF7). Hybrids 6a and 6b exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity against all three cell-lines. IC50 values of 6b for all cancer cell lines were significantly lower comparing to the standard reference compound IC50. The IC50 of 6b for the normal cell (HDF) line was significantly higher than the reported for cisplatin [IC50 = 170.7 ± 8.1 μM/ml (HDF), (p ≤ 0.001)], indicating less toxicity towards normal cells and thereby has a better therapeutic index, with a selectivity index of 142.3 for U87 cell line. Compounds 6e, 6d, and 6f displayed significant cytotoxic activity against only U-87 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to normal cells (HDF). Compound 6f [IC50 = 7.9 ± 2.3 μM/ml (U-87) and 10.6 ± 3 μM/ml (MCF-7)] was more potent than cisplatin [IC50 = 28.3 ± 5.3 μM/ml (U-87) and 26.9 ± 4.7 μM/ml (MCF-7)] in displaying anti-proliferative effect against U-87 and MCF-7 cells, with less cytotoxic to normal cells [IC50 = 141.7 ± 4.1] than cisplatin [IC50 = 40.9 ± 5.4]. Moreover, they were tested for their antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Yousef Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Salah Al-Trawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Solhe Alshahateet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Rakan Al- Tarawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Nadaa Ayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhojah
- Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Karak, 11118, Jordan
| | - Wisam AL-Khaboori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Wael Zereini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Omar Al-Qaralleh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
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Al-Rawashde FA, Al-Sanabra OM, Alqaraleh M, Jaradat AQ, Al-Wajeeh AS, Johan MF, Wan Taib WR, Ismail I, Al-Jamal HAN. Thymoquinone Enhances Apoptosis of K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Hypomethylation of SHP-1 and Inhibition of JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:884. [PMID: 37375831 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is critical in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). SHP-1 functions as a TSG and negatively regulates JAK/STAT signaling. Enhancement of SHP-1 expression by demethylation provides molecular targets for the treatment of various cancers. Thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, has shown anti-cancer activities in various cancers. However, TQs effect on methylation is not fully clear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess TQs ability to enhance the expression of SHP-1 through modifying DNA methylation in K562 CML cells. The activities of TQ on cell cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated using a fluorometric-red cell cycle assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI, respectively. The methylation status of SHP-1 was studied by pyrosequencing analysis. The expression of SHP-1, TET2, WT1, DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B was determined using RT-qPCR. The protein phosphorylation of STAT3, STAT5, and JAK2 was assessed using Jess Western analysis. TQ significantly downregulated the DNMT1 gene, DNMT3A gene, and DNMT3B gene and upregulated the WT1 gene and TET2 gene. This led to hypomethylation and restoration of SHP-1 expression, resulting in inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The observed findings imply that TQ promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CML cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling via restoration of the expression of JAK/STAT-negative regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola M Al-Sanabra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Q Jaradat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | | | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rohani Wan Taib
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Imilia Ismail
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
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Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antitumor Compounds of Leaves and Stems of Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020630. [PMID: 36677687 PMCID: PMC9863965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor compounds from natural products are being investigated as possible alternatives for cancer chemotherapeutics that have serious adverse effects and tumor resistance. Calystegia silvatica was collected from the north coast of Egypt and extracted via methanol and n-hexane sub-fraction. The biologically active compounds of Calystegia silvatica were identified from the methanol and n-hexane extracts from the leaves and stems of the plant using GC-MS and HPLC. The antitumor properties of both parts of the plant were investigated against cancer and non-cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, and the IC50 in comparison to doxorubicin was calculated. The main compounds identified in the methanol extract were cis-vaccenic acid and trans-13-octadecenoic acid in the leaves and stems, respectively, and phenyl undecane and 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-2-hexadeca-1-ol in the n-hexane extracts of the leaves and stems, respectively. Both parts of the plant contained fatty acids that have potential antitumor properties. The methanol extract from the stems of C. silvatica showed antitumor properties against HeLa, with an IC50 of 114 ± 5 μg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 137 ± 18 μg/mL and MCF7 with an IC50 of 172 ± 15 μg/mL, which were greater than Caco2, which had an IC50 of 353 ± 19 μg/mL, and HepG2, which had an IC50 of 236 ± 17 μg/mL. However, the leaf extract showed weak antitumor properties against all of the studied cancer cell lines (HeLa with an IC50 of 208 ± 13 μg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 336 ± 57 μg/mL, MCF7 with an IC50 of 324 ± 17 μg/mL, Caco2 with an IC50 of 682 ± 55 μg/mL and HepG2 with an IC50 of 593 ± 22 μg/mL). Neither part of the plant extract showed any cytotoxicity to the normal cells (WI38). Therefore, C. silvatica stems may potentially be used for the treatment of cervical, prostate and breast cancer.
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Soliman MI, Mohammed NS, EL-Sherbeny G, Safhi FA, ALshamrani SM, Alyamani AA, Alharthi B, Qahl SH, Al Kashgry NAT, Abd-Ellatif S, Ibrahim AA. Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities, GC-Mass Characterization, and Cyto/Genotoxicity Effect of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Latex of Cynanchum acutum L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010172. [PMID: 36616301 PMCID: PMC9823559 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is receiving more attention these days since it is simple to use and prepare, uses fewer harsh chemicals and chemical reactions, and is environmentally benign. A novel strategy aims to recycle poisonous plant chemicals and use them as natural stabilizing capping agents for nanoparticles. In this investigation, silver nanoparticles loaded with latex from Cynanchum acutum L. (Cy-AgNPs) were examined using a transmission electron microscope, FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Additionally, using Vicia faba as a model test plant, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects of crude latex and various concentrations of Cy-AgNPs were studied. The majority of the particles were spherical in shape. The highest antioxidant activity using DPPH was illustrated for CAgNPs (25 mg/L) (70.26 ± 1.32%) and decreased with increased concentrations of Cy-AGNPs. Antibacterial activity for all treatments was determined showing that the highest antibacterial activity was for Cy-AgNPs (50 mg/L) with inhibition zone 24 ± 0.014 mm against Bacillus subtilis, 19 ± 0.12 mm against Escherichia coli, and 23 ± 0.015 against Staphylococcus aureus. For phytochemical analysis, the highest levels of secondary metabolites from phenolic content, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, were found in Cy-AgNPs (25 mg/L). Vicia faba treated with Cy-AgNPs- (25 mg/L) displayed the highest mitotic index (MI%) value of 9.08% compared to other Cy-AgNP concentrations (50-100 mg/L) and C. acutum crude latex concentrations (3%). To detect cytotoxicity, a variety of chromosomal abnormalities were used, including micronuclei at interphase, disturbed at metaphase and anaphase, chromosomal stickiness, bridges, and laggards. The concentration of Cy-AgNPs (25 mg/L) had the lowest level of chromosomal aberrations, with a value of 23.41% versus 20.81% for the control. Proteins from seeds treated with V. faba produced sixteen bands on SDS-PAGE, comprising ten monomorphic bands and six polymorphic bands, for a total percentage of polymorphism of 37.5%. Eight ISSR primers were employed to generate a total of 79 bands, 56 of which were polymorphic and 23 of which were common. Primer ISSR 14 has the highest level of polymorphism (92.86%), according to the data. Using biochemical SDS-PAGE and ISSR molecular markers, Cy-AgNPs (25 mg/L) showed the highest percentage of genomic template stability (GTS%), with values of 80% and 51.28%, respectively. The findings of this work suggest employing CyAgNPs (25 mg/L) in pharmaceutical purposes due to its highest content of bioactive compounds and lowest concentration of chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda I. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada S. Mohammed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada EL-Sherbeny
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amal A. Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Al Khurmah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Abd-Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
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Youssef AMM, Maaty DAM, Al-Saraireh YM. Phytochemistry and Anticancer Effects of Mangrove ( Rhizophora mucronata Lam.) Leaves and Stems Extract against Different Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010004. [PMID: 36678500 PMCID: PMC9865503 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active components of the methanol extracts of R. mucronata were identified using GC/MS. The anticancer effects of each methanol extract from the leaves and stem were evaluated against cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The MTT assay was used in order to evaluate cell viability, and the IC50 and the selectivity indices were calculated in relation to a positive control (doxorubicin). The results showed that 11 and 8 different chemical compounds were found in the methanol extracts from the leaves and stems of R. mucronata, respectively. The active constituents of R. mucronata leaves and stems had anticancer effects against colon cancer (CaCo-2), with IC50 levels of 127 ± 4 μg/mL and 107 ± 6 μg/mL, respectively, and on breast cancer (MCF-7), with IC50 levels of 158 ± 10 μg/mL and 138 ± 4 μg/mL, respectively. These were both greater than their effects on prostate cancer (PC-3), for which they showed IC50 levels of 480 ± 14 μg/mL and 294 ± 3 μg/mL, respectively. However, the anticancer effect of the stems on lung cancer (A549) (IC50 = 155 ± 10 μg/mL) was greater than that of the leaves (IC50 = 376 ± 9 μg/mL) in comparison with doxorubicin. Neither the stems nor the leaves of R. mucronata showed any cytotoxicity against normal cells (WI-38), with the IC50 being 932 ± 30 μg/mL for the leaves and 629 ± 3 μg/mL for the stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. M. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-799-569-978
| | - Doaa A. M. Maaty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Yousef M. Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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Mitra S, Prova SR, Sultana SA, Das R, Nainu F, Emran TB, Tareq AM, Uddin MS, Alqahtani AM, Dhama K, Simal-Gandara J. Therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids in respiratory diseases: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153649. [PMID: 34325978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole alkaloids are very promising for potential therapeutic purposes and appear to be particularly effective against respiratory diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed, both in vivo and in vitro, to evaluate the effectiveness of indole alkaloids for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the in-depth therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids against various respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the toxicity of these alkaloids, which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated toxic consequences. Some indole alkaloids, including scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine, which are derived from the plant Alstonia scholaris, have shown toxic effects in non-rodent models. METHODS This review also discusses clinical studies exploring the therapeutic efficacy of indole alkaloids, which have confirmed the promising benefits observed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The indole alkaloidal compounds have shown efficacy in subjects with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION The available data established both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of indole alkaloids to treat the respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sifat Ara Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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