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Al-Taweel S, Al-Saraireh Y, Al-Trawneh S, Alshahateet S, Al- Tarawneh R, Ayed N, Alkhojah M, AL-Khaboori W, Zereini W, Al-Qaralleh O. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ciprofloxacin - 1,2,3-triazole hybrids as antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22592. [PMID: 38125538 PMCID: PMC10731006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Six novel ciprofloxacin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (6a-f) were synthesized via click reaction, by reacting of methyl 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(4-(3-oxobutanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (5) with various aryl azides (9a-f). The new compounds were characterized using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Compounds (6a-f) screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against three cell lines, namely, non-small cell lung cancer (A549), glioblastoma (U-87 MG), and breast cancer (MCF7). Hybrids 6a and 6b exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity against all three cell-lines. IC50 values of 6b for all cancer cell lines were significantly lower comparing to the standard reference compound IC50. The IC50 of 6b for the normal cell (HDF) line was significantly higher than the reported for cisplatin [IC50 = 170.7 ± 8.1 μM/ml (HDF), (p ≤ 0.001)], indicating less toxicity towards normal cells and thereby has a better therapeutic index, with a selectivity index of 142.3 for U87 cell line. Compounds 6e, 6d, and 6f displayed significant cytotoxic activity against only U-87 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to normal cells (HDF). Compound 6f [IC50 = 7.9 ± 2.3 μM/ml (U-87) and 10.6 ± 3 μM/ml (MCF-7)] was more potent than cisplatin [IC50 = 28.3 ± 5.3 μM/ml (U-87) and 26.9 ± 4.7 μM/ml (MCF-7)] in displaying anti-proliferative effect against U-87 and MCF-7 cells, with less cytotoxic to normal cells [IC50 = 141.7 ± 4.1] than cisplatin [IC50 = 40.9 ± 5.4]. Moreover, they were tested for their antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Yousef Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Salah Al-Trawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Solhe Alshahateet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Rakan Al- Tarawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Nadaa Ayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhojah
- Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Karak, 11118, Jordan
| | - Wisam AL-Khaboori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Wael Zereini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Omar Al-Qaralleh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan
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Alahmad A, Al-Zereini WA, Hijazin TJ, Al-Madanat OY, Alghoraibi I, Al-Qaralleh O, Al-Qaraleh S, Feldhoff A, Walter JG, Scheper T. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hypericum perforatum L. Aqueous Extract with the Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity against Clinical and Food Pathogens. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051104. [PMID: 35631691 PMCID: PMC9144328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology and its applications in medicine has provided the perfect solution against a wide range of different microbes, especially antibiotic-resistant ones. In this study, a one-step approach was used in preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by mixing silver nitrate with hot Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) aqueous extract under high stirring to prevent agglomeration. The formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored by continuous measurement of the surface plasma resonance spectra (UV-VIS). The effect of St. John’s wort aqueous extract on the formation of silver nanoparticles was evaluated and fully characterized by using different physicochemical techniques. The obtained silver nanoparticles were spherical, monodisperse, face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structures, and the size ranges between 20 to 40 nm. They were covered with a capping layer of organic compounds considered as a nano dimension protective layer that prevents agglomeration and sedimentation. AgNPs revealed antibacterial activity against both tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains causing the formation of 13–32 mm inhibition zones with MIC 6.25–12.5 µg/mL; Escherichia coli strains were resistant to tested AgNPs. The specific growth rate of S. aureus was significantly reduced due to tested AgNPs at concentrations ≥½ MIC. AgNPs did not affect wound migration in fibroblast cell lines compared to control. Our results highlighted the potential use of AgNPs capped with plant extracts in the pharmaceutical and food industries to control bacterial pathogens’ growth; however, further studies are required to confirm their wound healing capability and their health impact must be critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalrahim Alahmad
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannove, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.-G.W.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (W.A.A.-Z.); (O.Y.A.-M.); Tel.: +49-511-7622773 (A.A.); +962-3-2372380 (W.A.A.-Z. & O.Y.A.-M.)
| | - Wael A. Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Scince, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan; (T.J.H.); (O.A.-Q.)
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (W.A.A.-Z.); (O.Y.A.-M.); Tel.: +49-511-7622773 (A.A.); +962-3-2372380 (W.A.A.-Z. & O.Y.A.-M.)
| | - Tahani J. Hijazin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Scince, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan; (T.J.H.); (O.A.-Q.)
| | - Osama Y. Al-Madanat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scince, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (W.A.A.-Z.); (O.Y.A.-M.); Tel.: +49-511-7622773 (A.A.); +962-3-2372380 (W.A.A.-Z. & O.Y.A.-M.)
| | - Ibrahim Alghoraibi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus P.O. Box 30621, Syria;
| | - Omar Al-Qaralleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Scince, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan; (T.J.H.); (O.A.-Q.)
| | - Samer Al-Qaraleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Mutah 61710, Jordan;
| | - Armin Feldhoff
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannove, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannove, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.-G.W.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannove, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.-G.W.); (T.S.)
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