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Mahmoud RH, Brooks SG, Yosipovitch G. Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of pruritus: an update of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:655-672. [PMID: 38682595 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2349193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pruritus, particularly in its chronic form, often imposes significant suffering and reductions in patients' quality of life. The pathophysiology of itch is varied depending on disease context, creating opportunities for unique drug development and multimodal therapy. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to provide an update of the literature regarding current and emerging therapeutics in itch. We review the multitudes of drug targets available and corresponding drugs that have shown efficacy in clinical trials, with a particular emphasis on phase 2 and 3 trials and beyond. Broadly, these targets include therapies directed against type 2 inflammation (i.e. Th2 cytokines, JAK/STAT, lipid mediators, T-cell mediators, and other enzymes and receptors) and neural receptors and targets (i.e. PARs, TRP channels, opioid receptors, MRGPRs, GABA receptors, and cannabinoid receptors). EXPERT OPINION Therapeutics for itch are emerging at a remarkable pace, and we are entering an era with more and more specialized therapies. Increasingly, these treatments are able to relieve itch beyond their effect on inflammation by directly targeting the neurosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami H Mahmoud
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sarah G Brooks
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Park SH, Song HK, Ji KY, Jung DH, Jang S, Kim T, Kim HK. Topical Administration of Gardenia jasminoides Extract Regulates Th2 Immunity in OVA-Induced Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060941. [PMID: 36980282 PMCID: PMC10047210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of an allergic immune response is a T helper type 2 (Th2)-mediated response with production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Gardenia jasminoides extract with the crocin removed (GJExCR) has been shown to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic disease. To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism-of-action of this inhibition, GJExCR was used in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy model in BALB/C mice. Sensitization of BALB/C mice with OVA and aluminum hydroxide was performed on days 1 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection, followed by OVA challenge to the dorsal skin for 2 weeks before removal. Seven days post-challenge, mice were treated with GJExCR topically every day for 11 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry analysis, real-time PCR, and western blot were performed to determine IgE and Th2 cytokine levels. Following OVA challenge, Th2 cytokine expression and both total and OVA-specific serum IgE levels increased, of which OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine levels decreased after GJExCR treatment. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GJExCR treatment decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in the spleen and lymph nodes. In addition, treatment with GJExCR downregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation and Th2 cytokine levels as compared to control. GJExCR containing geniposide downregulated STAT1 activation in HaCaT cells. These findings demonstrate that GJExCR exerts its anti-allergy effect via inhibition of STAT1 activation, thus regulating the immune response via modulation of Th2 cytokine release and IgE levels. Therefore, we propose GJExCR as a potential treatment for allergic hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song C, Zhao X, Ai B, Wang Y, Zhou L, Zhu J, Feng C, Xu L, Wang Q, Sun H, Fang Q, Xu X, Li E, Li C. CRdb: a comprehensive resource for deciphering chromatin regulators in human. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:D88-D100. [PMID: 36318256 PMCID: PMC9825595 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulators (CRs) regulate epigenetic patterns on a partial or global scale, playing a critical role in affecting multi-target gene expression. As chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data associated with CRs are rapidly accumulating, a comprehensive resource of CRs needs to be built urgently for collecting, integrating, and processing these data, which can provide abundant annotated information on CR upstream and downstream regulatory analyses as well as CR-related analysis functions. This study established an integrative CR resource, named CRdb (http://cr.liclab.net/crdb/), with the aim of curating a large number of available resources for CRs and providing extensive annotations and analyses of CRs to help biological researchers clarify the regulation mechanism and function of CRs. The CRdb database comprised a total of 647 CRs and 2,591 ChIP-seq samples from more than 300 human tissues and cell types. These samples have been manually curated from NCBI GEO/SRA and ENCODE. Importantly, CRdb provided the abundant and detailed genetic annotations in CR-binding regions based on ChIP-seq. Furthermore, CRdb supported various functional annotations and upstream regulatory information on CRs. In particular, it embedded four types of CR regulatory analyses: CR gene set enrichment, CR-binding genomic region annotation, CR-TF co-occupancy analysis, and CR regulatory axis analysis. CRdb is a useful and powerful resource that can help in exploring the potential functions of CRs and their regulatory mechanism in diseases and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | | | | | - Xilong Zhao
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bo Ai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qiaoli Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University.Daqing 163319, China
| | - Enmin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South
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Oliveira CR, Carvalho J, Olímpio F, Vieira R, Aimbire F, Polonini H. Transfer factors peptides (Imuno TF ®) modulate the lung inflammation and airway remodeling in allergic asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1030252. [PMID: 36685604 PMCID: PMC9846599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the lung inflammation and airway remodeling are orchestrated by both the inflammatory and the immune cells that creates a lung millieu that favors the perpetuation of clinical symptoms. The cell signaling in asthma involves the mast cells activation during initial contact with the allergen and, principally, the participation of eosinophils as well as Th2 cells which determine increased levels of IgE, exaggerated secretion of mucus and collagen, and bronchial hyperreactivity. Moreover, allergic asthma presents lower level of cytokines associated to the both Th1 and Treg cells response, and it implies in deficiency of anti-inflammatory response to counterregulate the exaggerated inflammation against allergen. Therefore, the equilibrium between cytokines as well as transcription factors associated to Th2, Th1, and Treg cells is compromised in allergic asthma. Imuno TF® is a food supplement with ability to interfere in immune system pathways. It has been previously demonstrated that Imuno TF® upregulated Th1 cell response whilst downregulated Th2 cell response in human lymphocytes. Objective For this reason, we hypothesized that the Imuno TF effect could be restore the balance between Th1/Th2 CD4 T cells response in murine allergic asthma. Methods Initially, animals were sensitized with OVA via i.p. and challenged with OVA i.n. on days 14, 15 and 16. Treatment with Imuno TF once a day was performed via orogastric from day 17 to day 20. Mice were euthanized on day 21. Results The Imuno TF reduced eosinophilia, mucus production, and airway remodeling (collagen deposition) in asthma mice. Imuno TF influenced cellular signaling associated to allergic asthma once downregulated STAT6 expression as well as decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in lung and serum. In addition, Imuno TF restored T-bet and Foxp3 expression as well as increased IL-12, IFN-ɣ, and IL-10. Conclusion Ultimately, Imuno TF mitigated the allergic asthma due to the restoration of balance between the responses of Th1/Th2 as well as Treg cells, and their respective transcription factors the T-bet/STAT6 and Foxp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- Medical School, Group of Phytocomplexes and Cell Signaling, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Olímpio
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goias (Unievangelica), Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ji WT, Hu Y, Wang Y. Case report: Solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney with a NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1045238. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1045238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle cell neoplasm that mostly originates from the pleura, and accounts for only 2% of all soft tissue tumors. Moreover, the cases of SFT of the kidney are rarely reported. Here, we report a typical case of kidney SFT, which was consistent with other reported cases. This case further expands on existing diagnostic methods of SFT and explains the importance of STAT6 mutations in SFT.Case SummaryWe report a typical case of SFT of the kidney. A 34-year-old woman presented to the urinary surgery department after physical examinations were suggestive of a urologic neoplasm. Further relevant imaging investigations suggested a renal tumor with benign behaviors. The patient was diagnosed with a kidney tumor suspected to be SFT and underwent laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy. Postoperative pathological immunohistochemical tests showed positivity for Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6(STAT6), CD-34, CD-99, and Bcl-2, thus confirming the diagnosis of SFT. Combined with the results of genetic testing of the patient, the tumor was indicated to carry NGFI-A-Binding protein 2(NAB2): exon 6—STAT6: exon 16 mutation sites, which confirmed our diagnosis. The patient recovered quickly without any clinical evidence of incomplete resection. She has been followed-up for more than a year and will continue to be reviewed every three months to observe the final outcomes.ConclusionSolitary fibrous tumor is difficult to differentiate from other renal tumors. CT imaging, STAT6 immunostaining and gene profiling are valid investigations to establish the diagnosis.
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Kwatra SG, Misery L, Clibborn C, Steinhoff M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch and pain in atopic dermatitis and implications for novel therapeutics. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1390. [PMID: 35582626 PMCID: PMC9082890 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Patients with atopic dermatitis experience inflammatory lesions associated with intense itch and pain, which lead to sleep disturbance and poor mental health and quality of life. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying itch and pain symptoms in atopic dermatitis and discuss the current clinical development of treatments for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. The molecular pathology of atopic dermatitis includes aberrant immune activation involving significant cross‐talk among the skin and immune and neuronal cells. Exogenous and endogenous triggers modulate stimulation of mediators including cytokine/chemokine expression/release by the skin and immune cells, which causes inflammation, skin barrier disruption, activation and growth of sensory neurons, itch and pain. These complex interactions among cell types are mediated primarily by cytokines, but also involve chemokines, neurotransmitters, lipids, proteases, antimicrobial peptides, agonists of ion channels or various G protein–coupled receptors. Patients with atopic dermatitis have a cytokine profile characterised by abnormal levels of interleukins 4, 12, 13, 18, 22, 31 and 33; thymic stromal lymphopoietin; and interferon gamma. Cytokine receptors mainly signal through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Among emerging novel therapeutics, several Janus kinase inhibitors are being developed for topical or systemic treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis because of their potential to modulate cytokine expression and release. Janus kinase inhibitors lead to changes in gene expression that have favourable effects on local and systemic cytokine release, and probably other mediators, thus successfully modulating molecular mechanisms responsible for itch and pain in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | | | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Translational Research Institute Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Dermatology Institute Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Doha Qatar.,Qatar University, College of Medicine Doha Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA
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7
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Chang G, Li N, Wang Q, Ding J, Liu S, Hua L, Li S, Wang W. Dynamic transcriptome landscape of pulmonary tissues of rats infected with Paragonimus proliferus. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3395-3406. [PMID: 35702118 PMCID: PMC9185055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paragonimiasis (pulmonary fluke disease) is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by trematode infections. Paragonimus proliferus is a characteristic Paragonimus species that was first identified in Yunnan Province of China. No direct evidence has yet proven that P. proliferus can infect humans. However, we previously found that P. proliferus infects and damages rat lung tissues via an unclear mechanism. Here, we infected Sprague Dawley rats with P. proliferus and sequenced their lung transcriptomes at various intervals thereafter. We detected P. proliferus on the surface of rat lung tissues at 7 days post infection. It colonized by attaching and secreting dsRNA and utilized nutrients from the lung tissues for mitosis and meiosis and the dynein arm of lung tissues to develop symmetrical organs. The rats generated different types of immune responses that differed according to the stage of infection. We then analyzed P. proliferus responses to these immune strategies and the genes expressed during each stage of infection. Our findings provide a foundation for developing medical treatments for P. proliferus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoji Chang
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Hua
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Clinical-Medical Center of Infectious Disease of Yunnan Province, The Third People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming 650043, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650504, Yunnan, China
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Identification of Regulatory Factors and Prognostic Markers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020303. [PMID: 35204186 PMCID: PMC8868268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and even death. Immune disorder, redox imbalance, autophagy disorder, and iron homeostasis disorder have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ALS. However, the exact pathogenic genes and the underlying mechanism of ALS remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to screen for pathogenic regulatory genes and prognostic markers in ALS using bioinformatics methods. We used Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and expression regulation network analysis to investigate the function of differentially expressed genes in the nerve tissue, lymphoid tissue, and whole blood of patients with ALS. Our results showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in immune regulation and inflammation, and the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in energy metabolism and redox processes. Eleven up-regulated transcription factors (CEBPB, CEBPD, STAT5A, STAT6, RUNX1, REL, SMAD3, GABPB2, FOXO1, PAX6, and FOXJ1) and one down-regulated transcription factor (NOG) in the nerve tissue of patients with ALS likely play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of ALS. Based on construction and evaluation of the ALS biomarker screening model, cluster analysis of the identified characteristic genes, univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and the random survival forest algorithm, we found that MAEA, TPST1, IFNGR2, and ALAS2 may be prognostic markers regarding the survival of ALS patients. High expression of MAEA, TPST1, and IFNGR2 and low expression of ALAS2 in ALS patients may be closely related to short survival of ALS patients. Taken together, our results indicate that immune disorders, inflammation, energy metabolism, and redox imbalance may be the important pathogenic factors of ALS. CEBPB, CEBPD, STAT5A, STAT6, RUNX1, REL, SMAD3, GABPB2, FOXO1, PAX6, FOXJ1, and NOG may be important regulatory factors linked to the pathogenesis of ALS. MAEA, TPST1, IFNGR2, and ALAS2 are potential important ALS prognostic markers. Our findings provide evidence on the pathogenesis of ALS, potential targets for the development of new drugs for ALS, and important markers for predicting ALS prognosis.
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Yasuda JL, Staffa SJ, Nurko S, Kane M, Wall S, Mougey EB, Franciosi JP, Manfredi MA, Rosen R. Pharmacogenomics fail to explain proton pump inhibitor refractory esophagitis in pediatric esophageal atresia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14217. [PMID: 34337835 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagitis is prevalent in patients with esophageal dysmotility despite acid suppression, likely related to poor esophageal clearance. Esophageal atresia (EA) is a classic model of dysmotility where this observation holds true. In adult non-dysmotility populations, failure of esophagitis to respond to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has been linked to variants in CYP2C19 that influence the activity of the encoded enzyme. It is unknown if CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotype contributes to PPI-refractory, non-allergic esophagitis in EA. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 314 children with (N = 188) and without (N = 126) EA who were on PPI therapy at the time of endoscopy to evaluate for possible gastroesophageal reflux disease. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and/or fundoplication were excluded. Clinical and histology data were collected. Genomic DNA from biopsy samples was genotyped for polymorphisms in CYP2C19. RESULTS CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes were not associated with presence or severity of esophagitis (P = 0.994). In a multivariate logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders, EA was the strongest and only significant predictor of esophagitis (odds ratio 2.72, P = 0.023). Using negative binomial regression, we found that CYP2C19 phenotype was not a significant predictor of eosinophil count in children with PPI-refractory esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with EA are significantly more likely to experience PPI-refractory, non-allergic esophagitis than controls regardless of CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotype, suggesting that factors other than CYP2C19 genetics, including dysmotility, are the primary drivers of esophagitis in EA. CYP2C19 genotype failed to predict PPI-refractory, non-allergic esophagitis in both EA and non-EA children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Yasuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline Kane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Wall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward B Mougey
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James P Franciosi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Manfredi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang C, Wang J, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Qiao G, Liu H, Zhao H, Bai J, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Epigenetic regulation is involved in traffic-related PM 2.5 aggravating allergic airway inflammation in rats. Clin Immunol 2021; 234:108914. [PMID: 34954131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and epigenetic modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of asthma, but the definite mechanism remains unclear. The traffic-related PM2.5 exposure aggravated pulmonary inflammation and changed the methylation level of interferon gamma (Ifng) and interleukin (Il)4 genes, and then altered levels of affiliated cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-4 in rats with allergic airway inflammation. It also increased the level of miR146a and decreased the level of miR31. In addition, transcription factors of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) rose; forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (Stat4) lowered. The traffic-related PM2.5 altered epigenetic modifications in allergic airway inflammation of rats leading to inflammation exacerbation through impaired regulatory T (Treg) cells function and T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells imbalance, which provided a new target for the treatment and control of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Guoguo Qiao
- Teaching Experiment Center, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China.
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11
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Boehi F, Manetsch P, Hottiger MO. Interplay between ADP-ribosyltransferases and essential cell signaling pathways controls cellular responses. Cell Discov 2021; 7:104. [PMID: 34725336 PMCID: PMC8560908 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades provide integrative and interactive frameworks that allow the cell to respond to signals from its environment and/or from within the cell itself. The dynamic regulation of mammalian cell signaling pathways is often modulated by cascades of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). ADP-ribosylation is a PTM that is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and manifests as mono- (MARylation) or poly- (PARylation) ADP-ribosylation depending on the addition of one or multiple ADP-ribose units to protein substrates. ADP-ribosylation has recently emerged as an important cell regulator that impacts a plethora of cellular processes, including many intracellular signaling events. Here, we provide an overview of the interplay between the intracellular diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family members and five selected signaling pathways (including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Wnt-β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT), which are frequently described to control or to be controlled by ADP-ribosyltransferases and how these interactions impact the cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Boehi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology PhD Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manetsch
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science PhD Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Khan S, Guo X, Liu T, Iqbal M, Jiang K, Zhu L, Chen X, Wang BM. An Update on Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Etiological Factors, Coexisting Diseases, and Complications. Digestion 2021; 102:342-356. [PMID: 32570246 DOI: 10.1159/000508191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated clinicopathological condition characterized by esophageal infiltration with eosinophils resulting in chronic inflammation and stricture. SUMMARY The recent increase in the incidence of EoE and the characteristic presentation of symptoms with difficulty swallowing and food bolus impaction has raised key concerns of clinicians as well as researchers. EoE often presents with dysphagia, food impaction, nausea, regurgitation or vomiting, and decreased appetite. It is more common in males, affecting both adults and children. The causative manner of this condition is complex and multifactorial. Throughout recent years, researchers have made a significant contribution to understanding the pathogenesis of EoE, genetic background, natural history, work on allergy, and standardization in the evaluation of disease activity. There is relatively high prevalence of EoE among the population, emphasizing the importance of this disease. Key messages: Esophageal involvement with eosinophils may be manifested as isolated or with coexisting conditions and should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis. This study aimed to provide gastroenterologists with novel insights into the evaluation of esophageal involvement with eosinophils and to pay special attention to the etiological factors, coexisting clinical diseases, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,
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13
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Signals of pseudo-starvation unveil the amino acid transporter SLC7A11 as key determinant in the control of Treg cell proliferative potential. Immunity 2021; 54:1543-1560.e6. [PMID: 34004141 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are key players in the control of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Here, we report that signals of pseudo-starvation reversed human Treg cell in vitro anergy through an integrated transcriptional response, pertaining to proliferation, metabolism, and transmembrane solute carrier transport. At the molecular level, the Treg cell proliferative response was dependent on the induction of the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier (SLC)7A11, whose expression was controlled by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). SLC7A11 induction in Treg cells was impaired in subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), an autoimmune disorder associated with reduced Treg cell proliferative capacity. Treatment of RRMS subjects with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) rescued SLC7A11 induction and fully recovered Treg cell expansion. These results suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism that may account for the progressive loss of Treg cells in autoimmunity and unveil SLC7A11 as major target for the rescue of Treg cell proliferation.
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14
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Karpathiou G, Papoudou-Bai A, Ferrand E, Dumollard JM, Peoc'h M. STAT6: A review of a signaling pathway implicated in various diseases with a special emphasis in its usefulness in pathology. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 223:153477. [PMID: 33991851 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6), belonging to a family of seven similar members is primarily stimulated by interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13, and acts as a T helper type 2 (Th2)-inducing factor. Thus, it is implicated in the pathophysiology of various allergic conditions, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis and food allergies, but also in tumor microenvironment regulation. Furthermore, certain forms of lymphomas, notably the Hodgkin lymphoma group, the primary mediastinal and primary central nervous system lymphoma, as well as some follicular and T cell lymphomas are associated with dysregulation of the STAT6 pathway. STAT6 immunohistochemical expression also serves as a surrogate marker in the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor, despite not directly responsible for the tumorigenic effect. These pathophysiological implications of the STAT6 pathway, its diagnostic or prognostic role in pathology, as well its immunohistochemical detection with different antibodies will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Ferrand
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Michel Peoc'h
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
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15
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Fehr AR, Singh SA, Kerr CM, Mukai S, Higashi H, Aikawa M. The impact of PARPs and ADP-ribosylation on inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. Genes Dev 2020; 34:341-359. [PMID: 32029454 PMCID: PMC7050484 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334425.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARPs) promote ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved, fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM). PARP catalytic domains transfer the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to amino acid residues of target proteins, leading to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation or PARylation). This PTM regulates various key biological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on the roles of the PARP family members in inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. Here we give an overview the current understanding of the mechanisms by which PARPs promote or suppress proinflammatory activation of macrophages, and various roles PARPs play in virus infections. We also demonstrate how innovative technologies, such as proteomics and systems biology, help to advance this research field and describe unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catherine M Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Shin Mukai
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
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16
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Cardoso C, Provinciatto P, Godoi D, Fonseca M, Ferreira B, Teixeira G, Cunha F, Pinzan C, da Silva J. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT-6) mediates Th2 inflammation and tissue damage in a murine model of peanut-induced food allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:535-543. [PMID: 31196774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food allergies are inflammatory conditions mediated by Th2 and probably STAT-6 dependent immune responses. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Here we investigated the role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT-6) in development of inflammation in peanut allergy. METHODS To induce food allergy, wild-type (WT) and mice deficient for STAT-6 (Stat6-/-) were sensitized with peanut proteins and challenged with peanut seeds. RESULTS WT animals lost weight and refused the peanut diet, in contrast to Stat6-/- mice, which had a better maintenance of body weight and more regular seeds' consumption. The augmented peanut-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgE in the allergic WT was abolished in Stat6-/- animals that also presented increased IgG2a. There was an overall reduction in the gut mediators in the absence of STAT-6, including those related to inflammatory and Th2 responses, in contrast to a rising counter regulatory and Th1 reaction in Stat-6-/- mice. These animals had IFN-γ and IL-10 similar to WT after the four-week challenge. Most interestingly, Stat-6-/- mice had no intestinal damage, in contrast to WT animals, which had inflammatory infiltrate, tissue destruction, epithelial exulceration, edema, congestion and loss of villous architecture in the small gut segments. CONCLUSIONS STAT-6 plays an important role in the establishment of the Th2 inflammatory responses and intestinal damage in peanut allergy.
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17
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CYP2C19 and STAT6 Variants Influence the Outcome of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:581-587. [PMID: 31490856 PMCID: PMC6855320 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, only 30% to 60% of patients respond. Common genetic variants in CYP2C19 and STAT6 associate with PPI plasma concentration and magnitude of inflammatory response, respectively. Our objective was to determine if genetic variation in the genes for CYP2C19 and STAT6 influence differentiation between PPI responsive esophageal eosinophilia versus PPI nonresponsive EoE (PPI-REE, PPI-nonresponsive EoE). METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from 92 esophageal tissue biopsies collected from participants of a prospective clinical trial of high-dose PPI therapy for esophageal eosinophilia in children. RESULTS Of the 92 patients examined, 57 (62%) were PPI-REE and 35 (38%) were PPI-nonresponsive EoE. Forty-six of the 92 patients were further characterized by pH probe monitoring; there was no association between reflux index and carriage of CYP2C1917 (P = 0.35). In children who received a PPI dose between ≥1.54 and ≤2.05 mg/kg/day, binary logistic regression modeling showed that carriage of CYP2C1917 associated with PPI-nonresponsive EoE (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 7.71 [1.21, 49.11], P = 0.031). Carriage of STAT6 allelic variant rs1059513 predicts PPI-REE (OR [95% CI] = 6.16 [1.44, 26.4], P = 0.028), whereas carriage of STAT6 rs324011 synergizes with CYP2C1917 to predict PPI-nonresponsive EoE (rs324011 OR [95% CI] = 5.56 [1.33, 20.72], P = 0.022; CYP2C1917 OR [95% CI] = 8.19[1.42, 50.57], P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Common variants in CYP2C19 and STAT6 associate with a PPI-nonresponsive EoE outcome of PPI therapy for esophageal eosinophilia suggesting that response rates may be improved by adopting a genotype-guided approach to PPI dosing.
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18
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Hubaux R, Bastin C, Salmon M. On the relevance of an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis model for drug screening in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:1403-1407. [PMID: 30339308 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of human-based in vitro models offer new tools for drug screening and mechanistic investigations of new therapeutic agents. However, there is a lack of evidence that disease models respond favourably to potential drug candidates. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common disease associated with an altered skin barrier and chronic inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the AD-like features of a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model treated with Th2 cytokines are reversed in the presence of molecules known to have a beneficial effect on damaged skin as a result of modulating various signalling cascades including the Liver X Receptors and JAK/STAT pathways. This work shows that standardized and reproducible RHE are relevant models for therapeutic research assessing new drug candidates aiming to restore epidermal integrity in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Coralie Bastin
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Michel Salmon
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
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19
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Nabavi SM, Ahmed T, Nawaz M, Devi KP, Balan DJ, Pittalà V, Argüelles-Castilla S, Testai L, Khan H, Sureda A, de Oliveira MR, Vacca RA, Xu S, Yousefi B, Curti V, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Filosa R, Nabavi SF, Majidinia M, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S. Targeting STATs in neuroinflammation: The road less traveled! Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:73-84. [PMID: 30550953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT transduction pathway is a highly conserved pathway implicated in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is involved in the onset of autoimmune, haematological, oncological, metabolic and neurological diseases. Over the last few years, the research of anti-neuroinflammatory agents has gained considerable attention. The ability to diminish the STAT-induced transcription of inflammatory genes is documented for both natural compounds (such as polyphenols) and chemical drugs. Among polyphenols, quercetin and curcumin directly inhibit STAT, while Berberis vulgaris L. and Sophora alopecuroides L extracts act indirectly. Also, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several JAK/STAT inhibitors (direct or indirect) for treating inflammatory diseases, indicating STAT can be considered as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory pathologies. Considering the encouraging data obtained so far, clinical trials are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential use in the clinical practice of STAT inhibitors to treat inflammation-associated neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Nawaz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Appia Str, Apollosa, BN 82030, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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20
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Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Zito Marino F, Accardo M, Montella M, Panarese I, Roccuzzo G, Toni G, Franco R, De Chiara A. Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: A distinct entity from pleural solitary fibrous tumor. An update on clinical, molecular and diagnostic features. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:142-150. [PMID: 29660566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that was originally described to be localized in the pleura, but thereafter, this has been reported in several anatomic sites. Although the etiology of the neoplasm remains largely unknown, the pathogenesis seems to be related to an NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene due to paracentric inversion on chromosome 12q13. The diagnosis of extrapleural SFT is challenging, owing to its rarity, and requires an integrated approach that includes specific clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and even molecular findings. Histologically, extrapleural SFT shares morphological features same as those of the pleural SFT because it is characterized by a patternless distribution of both oval- and spindle-shaped cells in a variable collagen stroma. In addition, morphological variants of mixoid, fat-forming, and giant cell-rich tumors are described. A correct diagnosis is mandatory for a proper therapy and management of the patients with extrapleural SFT, as extrapleural SFT is usually more aggressive than pleural form, particularly cases occurring in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pelvis, and meninges. Although SFT is usually considered as a clinically indolent neoplasm, the prognosis is substantially unpredictable and only partially related to morphological features. In this context, cellularity, neoplastic borders, cellular atypias, and mitotic activity can show a wide range of variability. We review extrapleural SFT by discussing diagnostic clues, differential diagnosis, recent molecular findings, and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Accardo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roccuzzo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Toni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarosaria De Chiara
- Pathology Unit, Department in Support of Oncology Paths, Diagnostic Area, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione "Pascale", via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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Kang YM, Chung KS, Kook IH, Kook YB, Bae H, Lee M, An HJ. Inhibitory effects of bee venom on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses. Int J Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532852 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bee venom (BV) is a toxin that causes bee stings to be painful, it has been widely used clinically for the treatment of certain immune‑associated diseases. BV has been used traditionally for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this regard, the present study analyzed the effect of BV on the regulation of inflammatory mediator production by mast cells and their allergic inflammatory responses in an animal model. HMC‑1 cells were treated with BV prior to stimulation with phorbol‑12‑myristate 13‑acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI). The production of allergy‑associated pro‑inflammatory mediators was examined, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Furthermore, to investigate whether BV exhibits anti‑inflammatory effects associated with anti‑allergic effects in vivo, a compound 48/80‑induced anaphylaxis model was used. BV inhibited histamine release, mRNA expression and production of cytokines in the PMACI‑stimulated HMC‑1 cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of BV on mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), MAPK kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Akt were demonstrated. The present study also investigated the ability of BV to inhibit compound 48/80‑induced systemic anaphylaxis in vivo. BV protected the mice against compound 48/80‑induced anaphylactic‑associated mortality. Furthermore, BV suppressed the mRNA expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed the activation of MAPK and STAT3 in this model. These results provide novel insights into the possible role of BV as a modulator for mast cell‑mediated allergic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon‑do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hoon Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon‑do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bum Kook
- Department of Prescription, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon‑do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon‑Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon‑do 26339, Republic of Korea
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22
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Zaffini R, Gotte G, Menegazzi M. Asthma and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition: a new therapeutic approach. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:281-293. [PMID: 29483769 PMCID: PMC5813949 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s150846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting people of all ages worldwide, and it frequently begins in childhood. Because of its chronic nature, it is characterized by pathological manifestations, including airway inflammation, remodeling, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Current therapies for asthma, including corticosteroids and beta-2 adrenergic agonists, are directed toward relieving the symptoms of the asthmatic response, with poor effectiveness against the underlying causes of the disease. Asthma initiation and progression depends on the T helper (Th) 2 type immune response carried out by a complex interplay of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, and IL13, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Much of the data resulting from different laboratories support the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and PARP14 activation in asthma. Indeed, PARP enzymes play key roles in the regulation and progression of the inflammatory asthma process because they affect the expression of genes and chemokines involved in the immune response. Consistently, PARP inhibition achievable either upon genetic ablation or by using pharmacological agents has shown a range of therapeutic effects against the disease. Indeed, in the last two decades, several preclinical studies highlighted the protective effects of PARP inhibition in various animal models of asthma. PARP inhibitors showed the ability to reduce the overall lung inflammation acting with a specific effect on immune cell recruitment and through the modulation of asthma-associated cytokines production. PARP inhibition has been shown to affect the Th1–Th2 balance and, at least in some aspects, the airway remodeling. In this review, we summarize and discuss the steps that led PARP inhibition to become a possible future therapeutic strategy against allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Zaffini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Clayton F, Peterson K. Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Pathophysiology and Definition. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28:1-14. [PMID: 29129294 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis is an adaptive immune response to patient-specific antigens, mostly foods. Eosinophilic esophagitis is not solely IgE-mediated and is likely characterized by Th2 lymphocytes with an impaired esophageal barrier function. The key cytokines and chemokines are thymic stromal lymphopoeitin, interleukin-13, CCL26/eotaxin-3, and transforming growth factor-β, all involved in eosinophil recruitment and remodeling. Chronic food dysphagia and food impactions, the feared late complications, are related in part to dense subepithelial fibrosis, likely induced by interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Clayton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, 1950 Circle of Hope, Room N3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kathryn Peterson
- Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East SOM 4R118, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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24
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Strasser L, Dang HH, Schwarz H, Asam C, Ferreira F, Horejs-Hoeck J, Huber CG. Unbiased Quantitative Proteomics Reveals a Crucial Role of the Allergen Context for the Activation of Human Dendritic Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16638. [PMID: 29192156 PMCID: PMC5709417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1 billion people suffer from allergic diseases. However, until now it is not fully understood how certain proteins can induce allergic immune responses, while others cannot. Studies suggest that allergenicity is a process not only determined by properties of the allergen itself but also by costimulatory factors, that are not classically associated with allergic reactions. To investigate the allergenicity of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and the impact of adjuvants associated with pollen, e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we performed quantitative proteome analysis to study the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Thus, we treated cells with birch pollen extract (BPE), recombinant Bet v 1, and LPS followed by proteomic profiling via high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using isobaric labelling. Enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the influence of regulated proteins especially in cytokine signalling and dendritic cell activation. We found highly regulated, but differentially expressed proteins after treatment with BPE and LPS, whereas the cellular response to Bet v 1 was limited. Our findings lead to the conclusion that Bet v 1 needs a specific “allergen context” involving cofactors apart from LPS to induce an immune response in human moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Strasser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H-H Dang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C G Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Rochman M, Travers J, Abonia JP, Caldwell JM, Rothenberg ME. Synaptopodin is upregulated by IL-13 in eosinophilic esophagitis and regulates esophageal epithelial cell motility and barrier integrity. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96789. [PMID: 29046486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus mediated by an IL-13-driven epithelial cell transcriptional program. Herein, we show that the cytoskeletal protein synaptopodin (SYNPO), previously associated with podocytes, is constitutively expressed in esophageal epithelium and induced during allergic inflammation. In addition, we show that the SYNPO gene is transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated by IL-13 in esophageal epithelial cells. SYNPO was expressed in the basal layer of homeostatic esophageal epithelium, colocalized with actin filaments, and expanded into the suprabasal epithelium in EoE patients, where expression was elevated 25-fold compared with control individuals. The expression level of SYNPO in esophageal biopsies correlated with esophageal eosinophil density and was improved following anti-IL-13 treatment in EoE patients. In esophageal epithelial cells, SYNPO gene silencing reduced epithelial motility in a wound healing model, whereas SYNPO overexpression impaired epithelial barrier integrity and reduced esophageal differentiation. Taken together, we demonstrate that SYNPO is induced by IL-13 in vitro and in vivo, is a nonredundant regulator of epithelial cell barrier function and motility, and is likely involved in EoE pathogenesis.
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