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Li Z, Gu J, Huang X, Lu Z, Feng Y, Xu X, Yang J. Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals hub immune genes and pathways of hepatopancreas against LPS in Amphioctopus fangsiao. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024:109696. [PMID: 38871144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas is the biggest digestive organ in Amphioctopus fangsiao (A. fangsiao), but also undertakes critical functions like detoxification and immune defense. Generally, pathogenic bacteria or endotoxin from the gut microbiota would be arrested and detoxified in the hepatopancreas, which could be accompanied by the inevitable immune responses. In recent years, studies related to cephalopods immune have been increasing, but the molecular mechanisms associated with the hepatopancreatic immunity are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, was used for imitating bacteria infection to stimulate the hepatopancreas of A. fangsiao. To investigate the immune process happened in A. fangsiao hepatopancreas, we performed transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas tissue after LPS injection, and identified 2,615 and 1,943 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24 h post-injection, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways, including ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway, Phagosome signaling pathway, Lysosome signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. The function relationships between these DEGs were further analyzed through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. It was found that Mtor, Mapk14 and Atm were the three top interacting DEGs under LPS stimulation. Finally, 15 hub genes involving multiple KEGG signaling pathways and PPI relationships were selected for qRT-PCR validation. In this study, for the first time we explored the molecular mechanisms associated with hepatopancreatic immunity in A. fangsiao using a PPI networks approach, and provided new insights for understanding hepatopancreatic immunity in A. fangsiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- Binzhou Testing Center, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhengcai Lu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
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Ochoa Bernal MA, Fazleabas AT. The Known, the Unknown and the Future of the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5815. [PMID: 38892003 PMCID: PMC11172035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility, affecting 10% of women of reproductive age. A delay of up to 9 years is estimated between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of endometriosis. Endometriosis is currently defined as the presence of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at ectopic sites; however, advances in research on endometriosis have some authors believing that endometriosis should be re-defined as "a fibrotic condition in which endometrial stroma and epithelium can be identified". There are several theories on the etiology of the disease, but the origin of endometriosis remains unclear. This review addresses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are naturally occurring post-transcriptional regulatory molecules, in endometriotic lesion development, the inflammatory environment within the peritoneal cavity, including the role that cytokines play during the development of the disease, and how animal models have helped in our understanding of the pathology of this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ariadna Ochoa Bernal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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Koh CH, Kim BS, Kang CY, Chung Y, Seo H. IL-17 and IL-21: Their Immunobiology and Therapeutic Potentials. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e2. [PMID: 38455465 PMCID: PMC10917578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last 2 decades have identified IL-17 and IL-21 as key cytokines in the modulation of a wide range of immune responses. IL-17 serves as a critical defender against bacterial and fungal pathogens, while maintaining symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiota. However, alterations in its levels can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-21, on the other hand, bridges the adaptive and innate immune responses, and its imbalance is implicated in autoimmune diseases and cancer, highlighting its important role in both health and disease. Delving into the intricacies of these cytokines not only opens new avenues for understanding the immune system, but also promises innovative advances in the development of therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases. In this review, we will discuss an updated view of the immunobiology and therapeutic potential of IL-17 and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Research & Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee YE, Lee SH, Kim WU. Cytokines, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, and PlGF in Autoimmunity: Insights From Rheumatoid Arthritis to Multiple Sclerosis. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e10. [PMID: 38455464 PMCID: PMC10917575 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will explore the intricate roles of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factors in autoimmune diseases (ADs), with a particular focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). AD is characterized by self-destructive immune responses due to auto-reactive T lymphocytes and Abs. Among various types of ADs, RA and MS possess inflammation as a central role but in different sites of the patients. Other common aspects among these two ADs are their chronicity and relapsing-remitting symptoms requiring continuous management. First factor inducing these ADs are cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, which play significant roles in the pathogenesis by contributing to inflammation, immune cell activation, and tissue damage. Secondly, vascular endothelial growth factors, including VEGF and angiopoietins, are crucial in promoting angiogenesis and inflammation in these two ADs. Finally, placental growth factor (PlGF), an emerging factor with bi-directional roles in angiogenesis and T cell differentiation, as we introduce as an "angio-lymphokine" is another key factor in ADs. Thus, while angiogenesis recruits more inflammatory cells into the peripheral sites, cytokines secreted by effector cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ADs. Various therapeutic interventions targeting these soluble molecules have shown promise in managing autoimmune pathogenic conditions. However, delicate interplay between cytokines, angiogenic factors, and PlGF has more to be studied when considering their complementary role in actual pathogenic conditions. Understanding the complex interactions among these factors provides valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies for RA and MS, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young eun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Fu Y, Song Y, Jiang D, Pan J, Li W, Zhang X, Chen W, Tian Y, Shen X, Huang Y. Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Revealed the Functional Differences in Pigeon Lactation between Male and Female during the Reproductive Cycle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:75. [PMID: 38200806 PMCID: PMC10778231 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactation is a unique reproductive behavior in pigeons, with the crop serving as the organ responsible for secreting pigeon milk. Both male and female pigeons can produce crop milk and rear their offspring through a division of labor. Since the time of the secretion of pigeon crop milk is different in the process of feeding the young, whether the metabolism and formation of pigeon milk use the same mechanism is a very interesting scientific question. However, the metabolic dynamics and underlying genetic mechanisms involved in the formation of pigeon crop milk remain unclear, particularly during the incubation-feeding reproductive cycle. In this study, we integrated lactation-associated metabolism and transcriptome data from the crop tissues of both male and female pigeons during the brooding and feeding stages. We mapped the changes in metabolites related to milk formation in the crop tissues during these stages. Through metabolome profiling, we identified 1413 metabolites among 18 crop tissues. During the breeding cycles, the concentrations of estrone, L-ergothioneine, and L-histidine exhibited the most dynamic changes in females. In contrast, estrone, L-anserine, 1-methylhistidine, homovanillate, oxidized glutathione, and reducing glutathione showed the most dynamic changes in males. Gender-specific differences were observed in the metabolome, with several metabolites significantly differing between males and females, many of which were correlated with cytokine binding, immunity, and cytochrome P450 activity. Using this dataset, we constructed complex regulatory networks, enabling us to identify important metabolites and key genes involved in regulating the formation of pigeon milk in male and female pigeons, respectively. Additionally, we investigated gender-associated differences in the crop metabolites of pigeons. Our study revealed differences in the modulation of pigeon crop milk metabolism between males and females and shed light on the potential functions of male and female pigeon milk in the growth, development, and immunity of young pigeons, an area that has not been previously explored. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the metabolic regulation of pigeon crop milk formation during the brooding and breeding stages. Furthermore, our findings lay the foundation for the accurate development of artificial pigeon milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yan Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jianqiu Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China; (Y.F.); (Y.S.); (D.J.); (J.P.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Lee WH, Hong KJ, Li H, Lee GR. Transcription Factor Id1 Plays an Essential Role in Th9 Cell Differentiation by Inhibiting Tcf3 and Tcf4. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305527. [PMID: 37867222 PMCID: PMC10724384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
T helper type 9 (Th9) cells play important roles in immune responses by producing interleukin-9 (IL-9). Several transcription factors are responsible for Th9 cell differentiation; however, transcriptional regulation of Th9 cells is not fully understood. Here, it is shown that Id1 is an essential transcriptional regulator of Th9 cell differentiation. Id1 is induced by IL-4 and TGF-β. Id1-deficient naïve CD4 T cells fail to differentiate into Th9 cells, and overexpression of Id1 induce expression of IL-9. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that Id1 interacts with Tcf3 and Tcf4 in Th9 cells. In addition, RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and transient reporter assay reveal that Tcf3 and Tcf4 bind to the promoter region of the Il9 gene to suppress its expression, and that Id1 inhibits their function, leading to Th9 differentiation. Finally, Id1-deficient Th9 cells ameliorate airway inflammation in an animal model of asthma. Thus, Id1 is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in Th9 cell differentiation by inhibiting Tcf3 and Tcf4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ho Lee
- Department of Life ScienceSogang University35 Baekbeom‐roMapo‐guSeoul04107South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Hong
- Department of Life ScienceSogang University35 Baekbeom‐roMapo‐guSeoul04107South Korea
| | - Hua‐Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 Chongqing South Rd, Building #5‐602Shanghai200025China
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life ScienceSogang University35 Baekbeom‐roMapo‐guSeoul04107South Korea
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7
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Stojanovic B, Jovanovic IP, Stojanovic MD, Jovanovic M, Vekic B, Milosevic B, Cvetkovic A, Spasic M, Stojanovic BS. The Emerging Roles of the Adaptive Immune Response in Acute Pancreatitis. Cells 2023; 12:1495. [PMID: 37296616 PMCID: PMC10253175 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt, variable inflammatory condition of the pancreas, potentially escalating to severe systemic inflammation, rampant pancreatic necrosis, and multi-organ failure. Its complex pathogenesis involves an intricate immune response, with different T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, TFH, Treg, and CD8+ T cells) and B cells playing pivotal roles. Early T cell activation initiates the AP development, triggering cytokines associated with the Th1 response, which stimulate macrophages and neutrophils. Other T cell phenotypes contribute to AP's pathogenesis, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines influences its progression. Regulatory T and B cells are crucial for moderating the inflammatory response and promoting immune tolerance. B cells further contribute through antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. Understanding these immune cells' roles in AP could aid in developing new immunotherapies to enhance patient outcomes. However, further research is required to define these cells' precise roles in AP and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Ivan P. Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Berislav Vekic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Bojan Milosevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Marko Spasic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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