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Costa Silva A, Pina-Vaz T, Morgado A, Martins-Silva C, Antunes-Lopes T, Alturas Silva J. The Role of the Urobiome in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1643. [PMID: 38769976 PMCID: PMC11104728 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The urinary microbiome, also known as the urobiome, was traditionally considered sterile. However, emerging evidence suggests its presence in the urinary tract. Urobiome dysbiosis has been associated with various urologic conditions, making it a topic of interest also in kidney transplantation. This systematic review examines the evidence of urobiome changes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Methods Systematic literature searches in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Results Of the 770 articles identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria. The urobiome showed reduced diversity in KTRs compared with healthy controls and patients on dialysis. Proteobacteria enrichment was associated with graft stability or spontaneous tolerance in KTRs without immunological events. Kidney interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were associated with changes in resident urinary microbes and increased pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, KTRs with chronic allograft dysfunction had a higher prevalence of Corynebacterium. Conclusions The review highlights the importance of studying the urobiome in KTRs and its potential impact on transplant outcomes. The field remains largely unexplored, and further research is needed to establish consistent study designs and objectives. Future studies could lead to biomarker discovery, personalized therapies, and improved outcomes and graft survival in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Costa Silva
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pina-Vaz
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Afonso Morgado
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Silva
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Antunes-Lopes
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Alturas Silva
- Urology Department, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Totonji S, Ramos-Triguero A, Willmann D, Sum M, Urban S, Bauer H, Rieder A, Wang S, Greschik H, Metzger E, Schüle R. Lysine Methyltransferase 9 (KMT9) Is an Actionable Target in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1532. [PMID: 38672614 PMCID: PMC11049522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment modalities are imperative for the challenging management of muscle-invasive and metastatic BC to improve patient survival rates. The recently identified KMT9, an obligate heterodimer composed of KMT9α and KMT9β, regulates the growth of various types of tumors such as prostate, lung, and colon cancer. While the overexpression of KMT9α was previously observed to be associated with aggressive basal-like MIBC in an analysis of patients' tissue samples, a potential functional role of KMT9 in this type of cancer has not been investigated to date. In this study, we show that KMT9 regulates proliferation, migration, and invasion of various MIBC cell lines with different genetic mutations. KMT9α depletion results in the differential expression of genes regulating the cell cycle, cell adhesion, and migration. Differentially expressed genes include oncogenes such as EGFR and AKT1 as well as mediators of cell adhesion or migration such as DAG1 and ITGA6. Reduced cell proliferation upon KMT9α depletion is also observed in Pten/Trp53 knockout bladder tumor organoids, which cannot be rescued with an enzymatically inactive KMT9α mutant. In accordance with the idea that the catalytic activity of KMT9 is required for the control of cellular processes in MIBC, a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of KMT9 (KMI169) also impairs cancer cell proliferation. Since KMT9α depletion also restricts the growth of xenografts in mice, our data suggest that KMT9 is an actionable novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainab Totonji
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Anna Ramos-Triguero
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Dominica Willmann
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Manuela Sum
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Sylvia Urban
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Helena Bauer
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Astrid Rieder
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Holger Greschik
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
| | - Eric Metzger
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.)
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Li J, Li Y, Zhou L, Li C, Liu J, Liu D, Fu Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Zhou L, Tan S, Wang L. The human microbiome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Current understandings and clinical implications. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127596. [PMID: 38215640 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The research of the human microbiome in the preceding decade has yielded novel perspectives on human health and diseases. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly males, which negatively affects the life quality. Existing evidence has indicated that the human microbiome, including urinary, intra-prostate, gut, oral and blood microbiome may exert a significant impact on the natural progression of BPH. The dysbiosis of the microbiome may induce inflammation at either a local or systemic level, thereby affecting the BPH. Moreover, metabolic syndrome (MetS) caused by the microbiome can also be involved in the development of BPH. Additionally, alterations in the microbiome composition during the senility process may serve as another cause of the BPH. Here, we summarize the influence of human microbiome on BPH and explore how the microbiome is linked to BPH through inflammation, MetS, and senility. In addition, we propose promising areas of investigation and discuss the implications for advancing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dingwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yunlong Fu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shuo Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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4
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Wu K, Li Y, Ma K, Zhao W, Yao Z, Zheng Z, Sun F, Mu X, Liu Z, Zheng J. The microbiota and renal cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:397-413. [PMID: 37878209 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. Recent studies emphasized the critical involvement of microbial populations in RCC from oncogenesis, tumor growth, and response to anticancer therapy. Microorganisms have been shown to be involved in various renal physiological and pathological processes by influencing the immune system function, metabolism of the host and pharmaceutical reactions. These findings have extended our understanding and provided more possibilities for the diagnostic or therapeutic development of microbiota, which could function as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, or be manipulated to prevent RCC progression, boost anticancer drug efficacy and lessen the side effects of therapy. This review aims to present an overview of the roles of microbiota in RCC, including pertinent mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential use of the microbiota as RCC biomarkers, and the possibility of modifying the microbiota for RCC prevention or treatment. According to these scientific findings, the clinical translation of microbiota is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaorong Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangli Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Pescatori M. Evaluating occult causes of disease: the tricompartmental PNEI approach and the importance of the microbiome. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:36. [PMID: 38381266 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pescatori
- Unità di Colonproctologia, Clinica Parioli, Rome, Italy.
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Jirillo E, Palmirotta R, Colella M, Santacroce L. A Bird's-Eye View of the Pathophysiologic Role of the Human Urobiota in Health and Disease: Can We Modulate It? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:52-67. [PMID: 38390942 PMCID: PMC10885084 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
For a long time, urine has been considered sterile in physiological conditions, thanks to the particular structure of the urinary tract and the production of uromodulin or Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) by it. More recently, thanks to the development and use of new technologies, i.e., next-generation sequencing and expanded urine culture, the identification of a microbial community in the urine, the so-called urobiota, became possible. Major phyla detected in the urine are represented by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Particularly, the female urobiota is largely represented by Lactobacillus spp., which are very active against urinary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (UPEC) strains via the generation of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Gut dysbiosis accounts for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), so-called gut-bladder axis syndrome with the formation of intracellular bacterial communities in the course of acute cystitis. However, other chronic urinary tract infections are caused by bacterial strains of intestinal derivation. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections account for the outcome of acute and chronic UTIs, even including prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain. E. coli isolates have been shown to be more invasive and resistant to antibiotics. Probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and immune-mediated therapies, even including vaccines for the treatment of UTIs, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- Doctoral School, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Martins EP, Vieira de Castro J, Fontes R, Monteiro-Reis S, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Costa BM. Relevance of HOTAIR rs920778 and rs12826786 Genetic Variants in Bladder Cancer Risk and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:434. [PMID: 38275875 PMCID: PMC10814037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is associated with oncogenic features in bladder cancer and is predictive of poor clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with this disease. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the HOTAIR single nucleotide polymorphisms rs920778 and rs12826786 on bladder cancer risk and survival. This case-control study included 106 bladder cancer patients and 199 cancer-free controls. Polymorphisms were evaluated through PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were tested using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. The effects on patient survival were evaluated using the log-rank test and Cox regression models. Our data showed that the HOTAIR rs920778 and rs12826786 genetic variants are not associated with the risk of developing bladder cancer. Nevertheless, survival analyses suggested that the HOTAIR rs920778 TT genotype and rs12826786 CC genotype are associated with increased survival in male bladder cancer patients and in patients, both male and female, who have primary tumors with a pathological stage of pT2. Together, these results suggest that, despite not being associated with bladder cancer risk, HOTAIR rs920778 and rs12826786 polymorphisms might represent new prognostic factors in this type of cancer. This is particularly important as these polymorphisms might be easily evaluated in bladder cancer patients in a minimally invasive manner to better predict their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda P. Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira de Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rita Fontes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), CI-IPOP @RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), CI-IPOP @RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), CI-IPOP @RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Nardelli C, Aveta A, Pandolfo SD, Tripodi L, Russo F, Imbimbo C, Castaldo G, Pastore L. Microbiome Profiling in Bladder Cancer Patients Using the First-morning Urine Sample. EUR UROL SUPPL 2024; 59:18-26. [PMID: 38298766 PMCID: PMC10829607 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies support the interplay between the urinary microbiome (ie, urobiome) and bladder cancer (BCa). Specific urinary bacteria may be responsible for chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes carcinogenesis. Different signatures of urobiome in BCa patients were identified depending on tumor type, geographical area, age, and sex. Objective We explored the urobiome in BCa patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), to identify possible predictive biomarkers of cancer. Design setting and participants The urobiome analysis was conducted in 48 patients (13 females) undergoing TURBT, of whom 30 with BCa (five females) and 18 with benign bladder tumor, analyzing bacterial 16S rRNA by next-generation sequencing in first-morning (FM) urine samples. Forty-three cancer-free individuals and 17 prostate cancer patients were used as controls. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis First, we identified the better urine collection procedure to perform the urobiome analysis, comparing bacterial composition between catheterized (CAT) and FM urine samples in TURBT patients. Successively, we observed a specific urobiome in BCa patients rather than controls. A combined pipeline including the DESeq2 and linear discriminant analysis effect size tests was used to identify differential urinary taxa, strictly associated with BCa patients. Results and limitations The bacterial composition of CAT and FM urine samples was comparable, so the latter was used for the following analyses. An increased abundance of Porphyromonas and Porphyromonas somerae was found in BCa patients compared with controls. This signature seems to be more related (p <0.05) to male BCa patients over 50 yr old. Owing to the low biomass of urinary microbiota, several samples were excluded from the study, reducing the number of BCa patients considered. Conclusions FM urine samples represent a manageable specimen for a urobiome analysis; P. somerae is a specific biomarker of BCa risk. Patient summary Our study showed an increased abundance of Porphyromonas and Porphyromonas somerae in male bladder cancer (BCa) patients, supporting the use of a first-morning urine sample, a less invasive and low-cost collection method, for the urobiome analysis of patients at risk of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nardelli
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Aveta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Urology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorella Tripodi
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Russo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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9
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Kim DS, Lee JW. Urinary Tract Infection and Microbiome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111921. [PMID: 37296773 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and can cause major burdens, not only to individuals but also to an entire society. Current knowledge of the microbial communities in the urinary tract has increased exponentially due to next-generation sequencing and expanded quantitative urine culture. We now acknowledge a dynamic urinary tract microbiome that we once thought was sterile. Taxonomic studies have identified the normal core microbiota of the urinary tract, and studies on the changes in microbiome due to sexuality and age have set the foundation for microbiome studies in pathologic states. Urinary tract infection is not only caused by invading uropathogenic bacteria but also by changes to the uromicrobiome milieu, and interactions with other microbial communities can also contribute. Recent studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance. New therapeutic options for urinary tract infections also show promise; however, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of the urinary microbiome in urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Jung HD, Cho S, Lee JY. Update on the Effect of the Urinary Microbiome on Urolithiasis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050951. [PMID: 36900094 PMCID: PMC10001284 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate supersaturation, biofilm formation and aggregation, and urothelial injury. Bacteria bind to calcium oxalate crystals, which causes pyelonephritis and leads to changes in nephrons to form Randall's plaque. The urinary tract microbiome, but not the gut microbiome, can be distinguished between cohorts with urinary stone disease (USD) and those without a history of the disease. In the urine microbiome, the role is known of urease-producing bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens, and Morganella morganii) in stone formation. Calcium oxalate crystals were generated in the presence of two uropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae). Non-uropathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) exhibit calcium oxalate lithogenic effects. The taxa Lactobacilli and Enterobacteriaceae best distinguished the healthy cohort from the USD cohort, respectively. Standardization is needed in urine microbiome research for urolithiasis. Inadequate standardization and design of urinary microbiome research on urolithiasis have hampered the generalizability of results and diminished their impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Cho
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-2320; Fax: +82-2-312-2538
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11
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Altered microbiota profile in seminal vesicles of men presenting with refractory hematospermia. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2381-2389. [PMID: 36585555 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no recognized evidence is known about the bacterial communities found within seminal vesicles (SV) of men presenting with refractory hematospermia. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen male patients with refractory hematospermia or anejaculation were enrolled, and 15 SV-Infection (SV-In) samples from SV with hemorrhage and/or stones, 11 SV-Control (SV-C) samples from SV with non-infection, and 14 Urine (Urine) samples from posterior urethra were obtained via transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. Then the high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing method was performed to characterize the microbiota profile. Finally, a total of 1535 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found, 1295 OTUs were shared across three groups, 7 OTUs, 45 OTUs, and 48 OTUs were unique to SV-C group, SV-In group, and Urine group, respectively. The 5 top bacterial phyla (mean relative abundance) in all samples were Firmicutes (52.08%), Bacteroidetes (21.69%), Proteobacteria (12.72%), Actinobacteria (9.64%), and Fusobacteria (1.62%), the 5 top bacterial genera in all samples were Bacteroides (9.13%), Lactobacillus (5.38%), Bifidobacterium (5.35%), Faecalibacterium (5.10%), and Allobaculum (3.34%), of which Bifidobacterium had the highest level in SV-C samples and had a significant difference (P < 0.05) across all groups. Differential analysis showed genera Leuconostoc and LachnospiraceaeFCS020group were identified as biomarkers in the SV-In microbiota. CONCLUSION Altered microbiota composition in seminal vesicles is related to refractory hematospermia in men, and the distribution of genus Leuconostoc or LachnospiraceaeFCS020group within seminal vesicles may interact with hematospermia. This study provides clues for the diagnosis and treatment of this urologic disorder.
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12
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Piao XM, Byun YJ, Zheng CM, Song SJ, Kang HW, Kim WT, Yun SJ. A New Treatment Landscape for RCC: Association of the Human Microbiome with Improved Outcomes in RCC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030935. [PMID: 36765892 PMCID: PMC9913391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play different roles in metabolism, local or systemic inflammation, and immunity, and the human microbiome in tumor microenvironment (TME) is important for modulating the response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor, and immunotherapy is the backbone of its treatment. Correlations between the microbiome and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported. This review summarizes the recent therapeutic strategies for RCC and the effects of TME on the systemic therapy of RCC. The current understanding and advances in microbiome research and the relationship between the microbiome and the response to immunotherapy for RCC are also discussed. Improving our understanding of the role of the microbiome in RCC treatment will facilitate the development of microbiome targeting therapies to modify the tumor microbiome and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Mei Piao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Byun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuang-Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Song
- Department of Emergency, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-269-6142
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13
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Bladder cancer-associated microbiota: Recent advances and future perspectives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13012. [PMID: 36704283 PMCID: PMC9871226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the human genitourinary microbiome plays a significant role in mediating the development and progression of urological tumors, including bladder cancer (BC). Clinicians widely recognize the role of Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), an attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine, in the management of intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. However, compared to the large body of evidence on the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumors, limited information is available about the interaction between BC and the genitourinary microbiome. This is an expanding field that merits further investigation. Urologists will need to consider the potential impact of the microbiome in BC diagnosis, prevention of recurrence and progression, and treatment prospects in the future. This review highlights the approaches adopted for microbiome research and the findings and inadequacies of current research on BC.
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Popovics P, Penniston KL. Current research and future directions in non-malignant urologic research - proceedings of the annual CAIRIBU meeting. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:449-461. [PMID: 36636691 PMCID: PMC9831912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Annual Collaborating for the Advancement of Interdisciplinary Research (CAIRIBU) Meeting in 2022 highlighted basic, translational, and clinical non-malignant urology research within five main areas affecting the urinary tract: urinary dysfunction due to prostate disease, microbes and infection, bladder function and physiology, neurology and neuromuscular influences and calculi and obstruction. In this paper, we summarize main findings and future directions outlined by CAIRIBU-affiliated scientists who presented as part of the scientific sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolVA, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthWI, USA
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15
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Kim JK, Song SH, Jung G, Song B, Hong SK. Possibilities and limitations of using low biomass samples for urologic disease and microbiome research. Prostate Int 2022; 10:169-180. [PMID: 36570648 PMCID: PMC9747588 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the dogma of sterile urine no longer held as truth, numerous studies have implicated distinct changes in microbial diversity and composition to diseased subgroups in both benign and malignant urological diseases, ranging from overactive bladder to bladder and prostate cancer. Further facilitated by novel and effective techniques of urine culture and sequencing, analysis of the genitourinary microbiome holds high potential to identify biomarkers for disease and prognosis. However, the low biomass of samples included in microbiome studies of the urinary tract challenge researchers to draw definitive conclusions, confounded by technical and procedural considerations that must be addressed. Lack of samples and adequate true negative controls can lead to overestimation of microbial influence with clinical relevance. As such, results from currently available studies and assessment of their limitations required a thorough understanding. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize notable microbiome studies in the field of urology with a focus on significant findings and limitations of study design. Methodological considerations in future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gyoohwan Jung
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byeongdo Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyunggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
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16
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Li T, Liu T, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhan S, Zhou S, Zhu W, Guo H, Yang R. Antifungal immunity mediated by C-type lectin receptors may be a novel target in immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911325. [PMID: 36131933 PMCID: PMC9483128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell therapy, offer novel treatment options with good efficacy for patients with urothelial bladder cancer. However, heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance have limited the use of immunotherapy. Further research into immune-regulatory mechanisms in bladder cancer is urgently required. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the commensal microbiota and its interactions with host immunity play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including in cancer. The gut microbiota has been identified as a potentially effective target of treatment that can be synergized with immunotherapy. The urothelial tract is also a key site for multiple microbes, although the immune-regulatory role of the urinary microbiome in the process of carcinogenesis of bladder cancer remains to be elucidated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and biological functions of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which have been recognized as innate pathogen-associated receptors for fungal microbiota, in bladder cancer. In line with previous research on fungal colonization of the urothelial tract, we found that CLRs, including Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3, and macrophage-inducible Ca2+-dependent lectin receptor (Mincle), had a significant association with immune infiltration in bladder cancer. Multiple innate and adaptive pathways are positively correlated with the upregulation of CLRs. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the expression of CLRs and a range of immune-checkpoint proteins in bladder cancer. Based on previous studies and our findings, we hypothesize that the urinary mycobiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and call for more research on CLR-mediated anti-fungal immunity against bladder cancer as a novel target for immunotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Zhan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengkai Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Yang, ; Hongqian Guo,
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Yang, ; Hongqian Guo,
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17
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Costa PDS, Prado A, Bagon NP, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Mixed Fungal Biofilms: From Mycobiota to Devices, a New Challenge on Clinical Practice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091721. [PMID: 36144323 PMCID: PMC9506030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that allow the evaluation of fungal morphology and the identification of the etiologic agent of mycosis. Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that enable the examination of the fungi for further identification of the etiological agent of the mycosis. The isolation of fungi from pure cultures is typically recommended, as when more than one species is identified, the second agent is considered a contaminant. Fungi mostly survive in highly organized communities that provoke changes in phenotypic profile, increase resistance to antifungals and environmental stresses, and facilitate evasion from the immune system. Mixed fungal biofilms (MFB) harbor more than one fungal species, wherein exchange can occur that potentialize the effects of these virulence factors. However, little is known about MFB and their role in infectious processes, particularly in terms of how each species may synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis. Here, we review fungi present in MFB that are commensals of the human body, forming the mycobiota, and how their participation in MFB affects the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, we discuss how MFB are formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, thus being a significant reservoir of microorganisms that have already been associated in infectious processes of high morbidity and mortality.
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18
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Yu SH, Jung SI. The Potential Role of Urinary Microbiome in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081862. [PMID: 36010213 PMCID: PMC9406308 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, urine in the urinary tract was considered “sterile” based primarily on culture-dependent methods of bacterial detection. Rapidly developing sequencing methods and analytical techniques have detected bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and live bacteria in urine, improving our ability to understand the urinary tract microbiome. Recently, many studies have revealed evidence of a microbial presence in human urine in the absence of clinical infections. In women, fascinating evidence associates urinary tract microbiota with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, the association between urinary tract microbiota and men with LUTS, particularly those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), has not been established. In addition, the identification of the proinflammatory cytokines and pathogens responsible for the clinical progression of BPH is still underway. This review article aimed to address microbiome-related evidence for BPH. Further studies are required for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the urogenital microbiome and BPH pathogenesis to facilitate the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for male LUTS.
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19
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Gough EK. The impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of target populations. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:76. [PMID: 35773678 PMCID: PMC9245274 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have become a mainstay of healthcare in the past century due to their activity against pathogens. This manuscript reviews the impact of antibiotic use on the intestinal microbiota in the context of mass drug administration (MDA). The importance of the gut microbiota to human metabolism and physiology is now well established, and antibiotic exposure may impact host health via collateral effects on the microbiota and its functions. To gain further insight into how gut microbiota respond to antibiotic perturbation and the implications for public health, factors that influence the impact of antibiotic exposure on the microbiota, potential health outcomes of antibiotic-induced microbiota alterations, and strategies that have the potential to ameliorate these wider antibiotic-associated microbiota perturbations are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan K Gough
- Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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The Urobiome and Its Role in Overactive Bladder. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:190-200. [PMID: 35468617 PMCID: PMC9537439 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine is no longer considered to be sterile. After the existence of the microbiome was revealed through metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, the relationship between characteristics of the microbiome and diseases have been studied and published in various journals. A microbiome exists in the urinary tract and is associated with urinary tract infection, malignancy of the genitourinary tract, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Based on the urine sampling method, sampling site, culture method, and sex, the characteristics of the microbiome vary. Most of the Lactobacillus species are identified mainly in women, and various other species are identified in men. These microorganisms can cause or prevent various diseases. Variations in the microbiome are seen in those with and without disease, and an asymptomatic status does not indicate the absence of microbes. This microbiome has been implicated in a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms and diseases, in particular, overactive bladder. The microbiome differs between patients with urgency and urge urinary incontinence and healthy individuals. There are many aspects of the microbiome yet to be studied in relation to other lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Che B, Zhang W, Xu S, Yin J, He J, Huang T, Li W, Yu Y, Tang K. Prostate Microbiota and Prostate Cancer: A New Trend in Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:805459. [PMID: 34956913 PMCID: PMC8702560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer have gradually begun to decline in the past few years, it is still one of the leading causes of death from malignant tumors in the world. The occurrence and development of prostate cancer are affected by race, family history, microenvironment, and other factors. In recent decades, more and more studies have confirmed that prostate microflora in the tumor microenvironment may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer. Microorganisms or their metabolites may affect the occurrence and metastasis of cancer cells or regulate anti-cancer immune surveillance. In addition, the use of tumor microenvironment bacteria in interventional targeting therapy of tumors also shows a unique advantage. In this review, we introduce the pathway of microbiota into prostate cancer, focusing on the mechanism of microorganisms in tumorigenesis and development, as well as the prospect and significance of microorganisms as tumor biomarkers and tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingju Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Medical Science of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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